Academic Tourism as an Emerging Tourism Industry in Kazakhstan
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the development of academic tourism in Kazakhstan in recent years. Analytical papers and expert reports from the UN World Tourism Organization and a review of studies over the past two decades have been useful in determining the meaning of academic tourism and academic mobility. In addition, international and national tourism policy and regulatory acts were analyzed, reflecting the prospects of the tourism industry. Using a thematic analysis method, this study analyzed the development of academic tourism in Kazakhstan as an emerging tourism sector over the past few years. The new tax preferences, the approval of a special economic zone in priority areas provided by the Government were found as the greatest opportunity in facilitating academic tourism in the southern region of Kazakhstan. In this regard, the establishment of international university campuses can play a significant role. It is expected that the implementation of this idea will help to attract thousands of students and academics from neighboring countries and can become a real impetus for the development of tourism. Furthermore, it can positively influence other tourism sectors such as MICE tourism, eco-tourism.
References
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[4] Altynbassov, B., Abdukarimova, Z., Bayanbayeva, A., and Mukhamejanuly, S. 2020. Legal and organizational issues of the transformation of public universities into non-profit organizations in Kazakhstan. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 3(49): 726-734. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v11.3(49).04
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[8] Brand Book (2020). Auezov South Kazakhstan State University. Available at: https://academy.auezov.edu.kz/wp-content/uploads/2020/06
[9] Braun, V., and Clarke, V. 2021. Can I use TA? Should I use TA? Should I not use TA? Comparing reflexive thematic analysis and other pattern-based qualitative analytic approaches. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(1): 37-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12360
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[12] Cieślikowski, K., and Brusokas, A. 2020. Selected attractiveness factors of academic conferences as a product on the international tourism market. Tourism (Poland), 30(1): 13-20. DOI:https://doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.30.1.13
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[14] Gill, S. K., and Kirkpatrick, A. 2012. English in Asian and European Higher Education. In The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal0383
[15] Greek, M., and Jonsmoen, K. M. 2021. Transnational academic mobility in universities: the impact on a departmental and an interpersonal level. Higher Education, 81(3): 591-606. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00558-7
[16] Gullace, M. T., and Griffin, T. 2021. ScholarWorks @ UMass Amherst International Student’s Mobility and Tourism: Relations, Opportunities, and Insights for Canadian University Cities.
[17] Hovdhaugen, E., and Wiers-Jenssen, J. 2021. Motivation for full degree mobility: analysing sociodemographic factors, mobility capital and field of study. Educational Review, 1-21. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2021.1912712
[18] Hu, G. 2019. English-medium instruction in higher education: Lessons from China. Journal of Asia TEFL, 16(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2019.16.1.1.1
[19] Kim, T. 2009. Transnational academic mobility, internationalization and interculturality in higher education. Intercultural Education, 20(5): 395-405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14675980903371241
[20] Knight, J. 2018. International Higher Education Hubs. In Encyclopedia of International Higher Education Systems and Institutions. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9553-1_251-1
[21] Knight, J. 2021. Higher education internationalization: concepts, rationales and frameworks. Revista REDALINT, 1(1): 65–88. Available at: http://revele.uncoma.edu.ar/index.php/redalint/article/view/3090
[22] Korgan, B., et al. 2022. Management of Unemployment and Employment of Youth in the Labor Market as a Factor of the Key Direction of Sustainable Development of Kazakhstan. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 1(57): 135-142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.13.1(57).12
[23] Larsen, M. 2020. Transnational Academic Mobility: A Case Study of Fifteen Academics. Comparative and International Education, 49(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.5206/cie-eci.v49i1.13433
[24] Lesjak, M., Juvan, E., and Podovšovnik, E. 2020. Erasmus+ mobility: Empirical insights into Erasmus+ Tourists⇔ behaviour. Academica Turistica, 13(1): 35–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26493/2335-4194.13.35-50
[25] Marquand, J., and Scott, P. 2018. The Bologna Declaration of 19 June 1999. Democrats, Authoritarians and the Bologna Process, June, 183–186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78743-439-420181009
[26] McGladdery, C. A., and Lubbe, B. A. 2017. Rethinking educational tourism: proposing a new model and future directions. In Tourism Review, 72(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-03-2017-0055
[27] Menin, A. 2017. The successful relationship between tourism and academic mobility (A model for increasing the demand of foreign students). European Journal of Economic and Financial Research, 2(2): 113-119. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.822857
[28] Perez-Encinas, A., Rodriguez-Pomeda, J., and de Wit, H. 2021. Factors influencing student mobility: a comparative European study. Studies in Higher Education, 46(12): 2528-2541. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1725873
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[30] Pitman, T., Broomhall, S., Mcewan, J., and Majocha, E. (2010). Adult learning in educational tourism. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 50(2). Available at: https://www.academia.edu/3253204
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[32] Ritchie, B. W., Carr, N., and Cooper, C. 2003. Managing Educational Tourism. In Managing Educational Tourism. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.08.003
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[35] Sadykov, Z., et al. 2018. The main problems and directions of the effective development tourism. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 6(30): 1219-1227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v9.6(30).11
[36] Schumann, F. R. 2018. Managing educational tourism in higher education. Journal of Global Tourism Research, 3(2): 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37020/jgtr.3.2_81
[37] Shayakhmetova, L., Maidyrova, A., and Moldazhanov, M. 2020. State regulation of the tourism industry for attracting international investment. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 6(46): 1489-1495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v11.6(46).19
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[46] UNWTO Tourism Highlights: 2018 Edition. (2018). In UNWTO Tourism Highlights: 2018 Edition. DOI:https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284419876
[47] WTO. (2016). Global Report on The Power of. In Affiliate Members Global Report (Vol. 13).
[48] WTTC. (2021). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact _ World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC). In Travel & Tourism Econimc Impact. Available at: https://wttc.org/Portals/0/Documents/Reports/2021/Global%20Economic%20Impact%20and%20Trends%202021.pdF
Published
2022-09-30
How to Cite
ALTYNBASSOV, Bakhyt et al.
Academic Tourism as an Emerging Tourism Industry in Kazakhstan.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 13, n. 6, p. 1646-1657, sep. 2022.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/7277>. Date accessed: 16 nov. 2024.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.