Corporate Social Responsibility, Knowledge of COVID-19, and Risk Perception in International Tourism Enterprises
Abstract
The goal of this research was to determine if corporate social responsibility, risk perceptions, and understanding of COVID-19 of international tourism enterprises had an impact on Jordanian travelers’ decisions about international tourist products. Questionnaire (self-reporting) was created and distributed to 321 participants, with 311 valid replies being evaluated for statistical analysis. The results of the multiple linear regression show that risk perception, COVID-19 knowledge perception, and international tourism enterprises' corporate social responsibility are major determinants of attitude toward and behavioral intention. Nevertheless, the limited sample size raises the question of generalizability, which should be examined in more depth in future research. The influence of international tourism businesses on travelers’ decision-making by the majority of respondents suggests that such international tourist businesses have a lot of room to grow in the future. The difficulty is to ensure that it continues to match tourism's expectations, resulting in an increase in international tourist business visitors. This research is advanced since it contains information on worldwide tourism businesses, particularly in Jordan. The tourism industry will benefit from the main aspects identified.
References
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[2] Al Najdawi, B.M. 2020. Performance measurement system approaches in hotel industry: A comparative study. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9(3): 3504-3507.
[3] Al Najdawi, B.M., Khaleefah, Q.Q., Shatnawi, H.S., and Al Momani, E.M. 2017. Measuring local tourists' perceptions in Petra city as one of seven wonders of world. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism, Volume VIII, Spring, 2(18): 427-435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v8.2(18).15
[4] Aliperti, G., and Cruz, A.M. 2018. Risk Communication to Tourists: Towards the Definition of a Research Agenda for a more Effective Disaster Preparedness in Japan. Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, 9(17): 1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2036-5195/8267
[5] Ataguba, J. 2020. COVID-19 pandemic, a war to be won: understanding its economic implications for Africa. Appl. Health Econ. Health Pol., 18: 325–328. DOI: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40258-020-00580-x
[6] Atkin, T., and Thach, L. 2012. Millennial wine consumers: risk perception and information search. Wine Economics Policy, 1(1): 54–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wep.2012.08.002
[7] Bogoch, I.I., et al. 2020. Potential for global spread of a novel coronavirus from China. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(2), taaa011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa011
[8] Boo, B., and Park, E. 2013. An examination of green intention: The effect of environmental knowledge and educational experiences on meeting planners’ implementation of green meeting practices. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(8): 1129–1147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.750327
[9] Bults, M. et al. 2011. Perceived risk, anxiety, and behavioral responses of the general public during the early phase of the Influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in the Netherlands: results of three consecutive online surveys. BMC Public Health. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-2
[10] Chan et al. 2014. What drives employees’ intentions to implement green practices in hotels? The role of knowledge, awareness, concern and ecological behavior. Int. J. Hosp. Manag., 40: 20–28. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.03.001
[11] Chien, M. et al. 2017. Travelers’ health risk perceptions and protective behavior: a psychological approach. J. Travel Res., 56: 744–759. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516665479
[12] Dholakia, U.M. 2001. A motivational process model of product involvement and consumer risk perception, European Journal of Marketing, 35(11/12): 1340-1362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006479
[13] Gee, S., and Skovdal, M. 2017. The role of risk perception in willingness to respond to the 2014–2016 West African Ebola outbreak: A qualitative study of international health care workers. Glob. Health Res. Policy, 2: 21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-017-0042-y
[14] Gössling, S., Scott, D., and Hall, M. 2020. Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19. J. Sustain. Tourism, 29, 1–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
[15] Hair, J. et al. 2010. Multivariate Data Analysis, 7th Edition, Prentice-Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA; pp. 600–638. DOI: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/207590
[16] Hall, S. 2002. Travel safety, terrorism and the media: The significance of the issue-attention cycle. Current Issues Tourism, 5: 458–466.
[17] Han, H., and Hyun, S. 2017. Fostering customers’ pro-environmental behavior at museum. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(9): 1240–1256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1259318
[18] Han, H., Soyeun, L., and Jinkyung, J. 2020. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), Traveler Behaviors, and International Tourism Businesses: Impact of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR),Knowledge, Psychological Distress, Attitude and Ascribed Responsibility. Sustainability, 12(20): 8639. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208639
[19] Huurne, E., and Gutteling, A. 2008. Information needs and risk perception as predictors of risk information seeking. Journal of Risk , 11: 847–862. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13669870701875750
[20] Kim, J., and Lee, J. 2020. Effect of COVID-19 on preference for private dining facilities in restaurants. J. Hosp. Tour. Res., 45: 67–70. DOI: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1447677020301789
[21] Kim, Y. et al. 2015. Public risk perceptions and preventive behaviors during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Disaster Med. Public Health Prep. 9: 145–154. DOI: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25882121
[22] Korstanje, M.E. 2011. The fear of traveling: A new perspective for tourism and hospitality. Anatolia, 22(2): 222–233. DOI: 10.1080/13032917.2011.597935
[23] Lee, S., Lee, M., and Cho, J. 2018. Framing corporate social responsibility for a controversial product. J. Travel Tour. Mark., 35: 988–999. DOI:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10548408.2018.1468852
[24] Meng, Y. et al. 2021. The Effects of COVID-19 Risk Perception on Travel Intention: Evidence from Chinese Travelers. Frontiers in Psychology, 5(1): 54-62. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.655860
[25] Mohammad, A.R.A.F., Al Najdawi, B.M., ElZoghbi, M., and Abdelhadi, A.S.A. 2014. A Study of Some Factors Affecting Employee Turnover in Fast Food Restaurant in Amman. Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, 11(1): 71-80. DOI: 10.21608/JAAUTH.2014.54022
[26] Namikawa, K., et al. 2008. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Japanese travelers towards malaria prevention during overseas travel. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 6(3): 137–141. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2008.01.013
[27] Perugini, M., and Bagozzi, R. 2001. The role of desires and anticipated emotions in goal-directed behaviors: Broadening and deepening the theory of planned behavior. Br. J. Soc. Psychol., 40: 70–98. DOI:https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2001-06223-005
[28] Reisinger, Y., and Mavondo, F. 2005. Travel Anxiety and Intentions to Travel Internationally: Implications of Travel Risk Perception. Journal of Travel Research, 43(3): 212–225. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287504272017
[29] Rittichainuwat, B., and Chakraborty, N. 2009. Perceived travel risks regarding terrorism and disease: The case of Thailand. Tourism Management, 30: 410–418. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.08.001
[30] Rogerson, M., and Baum, C. 2020. COVID-19 and African tourism research agendas. Development Southern Africa, 37(5): 727–741. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1818551
[31] Shatnawi, H., et al. 2019. Factors Affecting Customers' behavior Towards Tipping Intentions in Jordanian Restaurant, S. Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, 26(3): 761-768.
[32] Sigala, M. 2020. Tourism and COVID-19: Impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry and research. J. Bus. Res., 117, 312 - 321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.015
[33] Solihu, O., Bona, B., Kyiire, B., and Ali, M. 2021. Tourism amid COVID-19 pandemic: impacts and implications for building resilience in the eco-tourism sector in Ghana's Savannah region. Heliyon, 7(1): 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07892
[34] Wang, et al. 2019. Travellers’ self-protections against health risks: An application of the full Protection Motivation, Theory. Annal. Tourism Res., 78: 102743. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.102743
[35] Wolff, et al. 2019. How to define and measure risk perceptions. Annal. Tourism Res. 79: 102759. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.102759
Published
2022-09-30
How to Cite
KHASAWNEH, Mohammad et al.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Knowledge of COVID-19, and Risk Perception in International Tourism Enterprises.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 13, n. 6, p. 1574-1583, sep. 2022.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/7270>. Date accessed: 25 apr. 2024.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.