The Untapped Potential of Ethno-Tourism in Ulytau Region
Abstract
Kazakhstan is a unique country, with beautiful nature, original culture, and traditions. Ulytau region is the historical and geographical center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the cradle of the Kazakh people. It is one of the epicenters of steppe civilization and nomadic culture. Ulytau is a unique region with over 700 registered monuments of history and culture and has a great potential to develop ethno-tourism. According to conducted survey over a 10-month period from January to October 2021, it was revealed that a huge part of tourists doesn’t know about this destination and features of this region and would like to visit this region with ethno-cultural purposes. This article shows the results of the study, the main constraining factors, and mechanisms for the implementation of ethno-tourism. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the involvement of tourists in visiting a tourist destination for the purpose of ethno-tourism, and a number of recommendations are proposed for key stakeholders.
References
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[43] Yang, Y., and Fik, T. 2014. Spatial effects in regional tourism growth. Ann. Tourism Res., 46: 144–162. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.03.007
[44] Yun, H. J., and Zhang, X. 2017. Cultural conservation and residents’ attitudes about ethnic minority tourism. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 17(2): 165–175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358415610624
[2] Ara, E., Tucker, H., and Coetzee, W.J.L. 2022. Handicrafts-enacted: Emplacing non-human agency in ethnic tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 50: 345–354. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.01.008
[3] Bassey, B. E. 2015. Transforming the Nigeria tourism industry through tourism entrepreneurial development. African Journal of Business Management, 9(15): 569-580. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM2015.7844
[4] Buhalis, D. 2001. Tourism in Greece: Strategic analysis and challenges. Current Issues in Tourism, 4(5): 440-480. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500108667898
[5] Calero, C., and Turner, L.W. 2020. Regional economic development and tourism: A literature review to highlight future directions for regional tourism research. Tourism Economics. 26(1): 3–26. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619881244
[6] Fourie, J., and Santana-Gallego, M. 2013. Ethnic reunion and cultural affinity. Tourism Management, 36: 411-420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.10.002
[7] Gnoth, J., and Zins, A. H. 2013. Developing a tourism Cultural Contact Scale. Journal of Business Research, 66: 738-744. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.09.012
[8] Gravari-Barbas, M. 2018. Tourism as a heritage producing machine. Tourism Management Perspectives, 25: 173–176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2018.01.004
[9] Greenwood, D. J. 1982. Cultural Authenticity. Cultural Survival Quarterly, 6(3): 27-28.
[10] Grаburn, N. 1978. Tоurіsm: thе sасrеd jоurnеy, іn V. Smіth, еd, Hоsts аnd Guеsts. Thе Аnthrоpоlоgy оf Tоurіsm, Bаsіl Blасkwеll, Оxfоrd
[11] Harron, S., and Weiler, B. 1992. Review: Ethnic tourism. In B.Weiler., & C. M. Hall (Eds.), Special interest tourism: 83–92. London: Belhaven.
[12] Hsu, C.H., Cai, L.A., and Li, M. 2010. Expectation, motivation, and attitude: a tourist behavioral model. J. Trav. Res. 49 (3): 282–296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287509349266
[13] Huang, S. S., and Chen, G. 2016. Current state of tourism research in China. Tourism Management Perspectives, 20: 10–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2016.06.002
[14] Hung, Chiu-Hui. 2017. A Study of How Indigenous Peoples Perceive the Impact of Tourism and Support These Attitudes in Their Tribes. Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology, 5(4): 1-11, DOI:https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEE/2017/39012
[15] Jin, C., Xu, J. and Huang, Z. 2019. Spatiotemporal analysis of regional tourism development: a semiparametric Geographically Weighted Regression model approach. Habitat Int., 87: 1–10. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.03.011
[16] Kim, J., Brent Ritchie1, J. R., and McCormick, B. 2012. Development of a Scale to Measure Memorable Tourism Experiences. Journal of Travel Research, 51(1): 12–25. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287510385467
[17] Klieger, P. C. 1990. Close Encounters: Intimate Tourism in Tibet. Cultural Survival Quarterly, 14(2): 38-42.
[18] Kruger, M., and Saayman, M. 2010. Travel motivation of tourists to Kruger and Tsitsikamma National Parks: A comparative study. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 40: 93–102. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3957/056.040.0106
[19] Kuskov, A.S., and Dzhaladyan, Yu.A. 2021. Osnovy turizma. Moskva, Knorus, 396
[20] Lee, J. 1988. Tourism and Development in the Third World. London: Routledge Press.
[21] Maruyama, N., and Woosnam, K.M. 2015. Residents' ethnic attitudes and support for ethnic neighborhood tourism: The case of a Brazilian town in Japan. Tourism Management, 50: 225-237. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.01.030
[22] McIntosh, R., and Goeldner, C. 1995.Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies (7th ed.). New York: Wiley
[23] Medina, L. K. 2003. Commoditizing culture: Tourism and Maya identity. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(2): 353–368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00099-3.
[24] Mutangaa, Ch. N., et al. 2017. Travel motivation and tourist satisfaction with wildlife tourism experiences in Gonarezhou and Matusadona National Parks, Zimbabwe. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 20: 1–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2017.08.001
[25] MсІntоsh, R.W., and Gоеldnеr, С.R. 1990. Tоurіsm. Prіnсіplеs, Prасtісеs аnd Phіlоsоphіеs, 6th еdn, Wіlеy, Nеw Yоrk
[26] Pіtchfоrd, S. 1995. Еthnic tourism and nationalism in Walеs. Annals of Tourism Rеsеarch, 22(1): 35–52. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)00068-4
[27] Pоlukhіnа, А.N. 201. 6А сlustеr mоdеl оf еthnо-tоurіsm оrgаnіzаtіоn іn Russіаn rеgіоns. Wоrldwіdе Hоspіtаlіty аnd Tоurіsm Thеmеs, 8(3): 359-372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-02-2016-0002
[28] Salazar, N. B., and Graburn, N. H. 2014. Tourism imaginaries: Anthropological approaches. Berghahn Books
[29] Shuptar, V.V. 2016. Avalon Travel Guides Ulytau: Travel Guide– Karaganda: "Avalon" Historical-Geographical Society, 100
[30] Smіth, V. 1977. Hоsts аnd guеsts: Thе аnthrоpоlоgy оf tоurіsm. Phіlаdеlphіа: Unіvеrsіty оf Pеnnsylvаnіа Prеss
[31] Taheri, B., Jafari, A., and O’Gorman, K. 2014. Keeping your audience: Presenting a visitor engagement scale. Tourism Management, 42: 321-329
[32] Timothy, D. J., and Nyaupane, G. P. 2009. Cultural heritage and tourism: a regional perspective. New York: Routledge
[33] Tomczewska-Popowycz, N., and Taras, V. 2022. The many names of “Roots tourism”: An integrative review of the terminology. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 50: 245–258. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.02.016
[34] Tsui, K.W.H., Tan, D., Chow, C.K.W., and Shi, S., 2019. Regional airline capacity, tourism demand and housing prices: a case study of New Zealand. Transport Pol. 77: 8–22. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2019.02.007
[35] Vаn dеn Bеrghе, P. L. 1994. Thе quеst for thе othеr: Еthnic tourism in San Cristo´bal. Mеxico, Sеattlе & London: Univеrsity of Washington Prеss
[36] Wood, R. E.1984. Ethnic Tourism, the State, and Cultural Change in Southeast Asia. Annals of Tourism Research, 11: 353-374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(84)90027-6
[37] Wu, M.-Y., and Pearce, P.L. 2017. The rally experience: exploring motivation patterns of Australian Grey Nomads. J. Destin. Market. Manag., 6 (4): 407–415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.06.008
[38] Wu, T., Yu-En Lin, Wall, G., and Xie, P. 2020. A spectrum of indigenous tourism experiences as revealed through means-end chain analysis. Tourism Management, 76: 103969. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.103969
[39] Wаng, Y., Shеn, H., Yеа, Sh., and Lіngqіаng zhоu. 2020. Bеіng rаtіоnаl аnd еmоtіоnаl: Аn іntеgrаtеd mоdеl оf rеsіdеnts suppоrt оf еthnіс tоurіsm dеvеlоpmеnt. Jоurnаl оf Hоspіtаlіty аnd Tоurіsm Mаnаgеmеnt, 44: 112–121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.05.008
[40] Wооd, R.Е. 1980. Іntеrnаtіоnаl Tоurіsm аnd Сulturаl Сhаngе іn Sоuthеаst Аsіа. Есоnоmіс Dеvеlоpmеnt аnd Сulturаl Сhаngе, 23(3): 561-581. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/451197
[41] Yang, L. 2007. Planning for ethnic tourism: Case studies from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Waterloo, Canada: University of Waterloo.
[42] Yang, L., and Wall, G. 2009. Ethnic tourism: A framework and an application. Tourism Management, 30: 559–570. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.09.008
[43] Yang, Y., and Fik, T. 2014. Spatial effects in regional tourism growth. Ann. Tourism Res., 46: 144–162. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.03.007
[44] Yun, H. J., and Zhang, X. 2017. Cultural conservation and residents’ attitudes about ethnic minority tourism. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 17(2): 165–175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358415610624
Published
2022-09-30
How to Cite
MUKATOVA, Rabiga; MUSSINA, Kamshat; RODRÍGUEZ, Maribel.
The Untapped Potential of Ethno-Tourism in Ulytau Region.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 13, n. 6, p. 1534-1550, sep. 2022.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/7266>. Date accessed: 24 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.6(62).02.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.