Green Financing for Sustainable Development in Saudi Arabia
Abstract
In my paper, I explore the critical role of green financing in promoting sustainable development within Saudi Arabia. I begin by defining green financing and its significance in facilitating investments in projects that yield environmental benefits while driving economic growth. The paper highlights how green financing aligns with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 agenda, essential for the nation’s economic diversification and ecological sustainability. I present a comprehensive analysis of the historical context and evolution of green financing, followed by an examination of its economic and environmental implications, including its capacity to create jobs and reduce carbon emissions. Case studies of successful initiatives, such as the Sakaka Solar Power Project and the Red Sea Project, illustrate the practical benefits of green financing in achieving sustainable development goals. Ultimately, I conclude that green financing is indispensable for Saudi Arabia’s future, advocating for enhanced collaboration between the public and private sectors to foster a sustainable and economically viable future.
References
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[25] Mahalik, M. K., Babu, M. S., Loganathan, N., & Shahbaz, M. (2017). Does financial development intensify energy consumption in Saudi Arabia?. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 75: 1022-1034. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.097
[26] Matsuo, T., & Schmidt, T. S. (2017). Hybridizing low-carbon technology deployment policy and fossil fuel subsidy reform: a climate finance perspective. Environmental Research Letters, 12(1): 014002. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa5384
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[28] Ronaldo, R., & Suryanto, T. (2022). Green finance and sustainability development goals in Indonesian Fund Village. Resources Policy, 78: 102839. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102839
[29] Saleem, H., Khan, M. B., & Mahdavian, S. M. (2022). The role of green growth, green financing, and eco-friendly technology in achieving environmental quality: evidence from selected Asian economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(38): 57720-57739. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19799-3
[30] Sarwar, S. (2022). Impact of energy intensity, green economy and blue economy to achieve sustainable economic growth in GCC countries: Does Saudi Vision 2030 matters to GCC countries. Renewable energy, 191: 30-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.03.121
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[33] Shi, L., et al. (2023). Mediating role of finance amidst resource and energy policies in carbon control: a sustainable development study of Saudi Arabia. Resources Policy, 82, 103521. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103521
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[37] Waheed, R. (2022). The significance of energy factors, green economic indicators, blue economic aspects towards carbon intensity: a study of Saudi vision 2030. Sustainability, 14(11): 6893. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116893/
[38] Waheed, R., Sarwar, S., & Alsaggaf, M. I. (2023). Relevance of energy, green and blue factors to achieve sustainable economic growth: Empirical study of Saudi Arabia. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 187: 122184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122184
[39] Yu, M., Zhou, Q., Cheok, M. Y., Kubiczek, J., & Iqbal, N. (2022). Does green finance improve energy efficiency? New evidence from developing and developed economies. Economic Change and Restructuring, 1-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-021-09355-3
[40] Zhang, D., Mohsin, M., Rasheed, A. K., Chang, Y., & Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (2021). Public spending and green economic growth in BRI region: mediating role of green finance. Energy Policy, 153: 112256. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112256
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[2] Abubakar, I. R., & Dano, U. L. (2020). Sustainable urban planning strategies for mitigating climate change in Saudi Arabia. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 22(6): 5129-5152. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00423-5
[3] Abubakar, I. R., Aina, Y. A., & Alshuwaikhat, H. M. (2020). Sustainable development at Saudi Arabian universities: An overview of institutional frameworks. Sustainability, 12(19): 8008. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198008
[4] Al-Kasasbeh, O., Al-Khazaleh, S. M., & Alsheikh, G. (2024). The dynamic impact of environmental sustainability, green finance, and FinTech on energy efficiency in Middle Eastern economies. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 14(4): 574-579. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.15691
[5] Al-Sarihi, A. (2019). Climate change and economic diversification in Saudi Arabia: Integrity, challenges, and opportunities. Policy Paper, 1(2019): 11-12.
[6] Al-Tamimi, N. (2017). A state-of-the-art review of the sustainability and energy efficiency of buildings in Saudi Arabia. Energy Efficiency, 10(5): 1129-1141. DOI: 10.1007/s12053-017-9507-6
[7] AlArjani, A., Modibbo, U. M., Ali, I., & Sarkar, B. (2021). A new framework for the sustainable development goals of Saudi Arabia. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 33(6): 101477. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101477
[8] Almulhim, A. I., & Al-Saidi, M. (2023). Circular economy and the resource nexus: Realignment and progress towards sustainable development in Saudi Arabia. Environmental Development, 46, 100851. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2023.100851
[9] Alshubiri, F. (2021). Investment obstacles to sustainable development and competitiveness index. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 39(2): 234-248. DOI: 10.1108/MIP-02-2019-0118
[10] Alshuwaikhat, H. M., & Mohammed, I. (2017). Sustainability matters in national development visions—Evidence from Saudi Arabia’s Vision for 2030. Sustainability, 9(3): 408. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/su9030408
[11] Alwakid, W., Aparicio, S., & Urbano, D. (2021). The influence of green entrepreneurship on sustainable development in Saudi Arabia: The role of formal institutions. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(10): 5433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105433
[12] Amran, Y. A., Amran, Y. M., Alyousef, R., & Alabduljabbar, H. (2020). Renewable and sustainable energy production in Saudi Arabia according to Saudi Vision 2030; Current status and future prospects. Journal of Cleaner Production, 247: 119602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119602
[13] Ansari, D., & Holz, F. (2020). Between stranded assets and green transformation: Fossil-fuel-producing developing countries towards 2055. World Development, 130: 104947. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104947.
[14] Anser, M. K., et al. (2020). Determination of resource curse hypothesis in mediation of financial development and clean energy sources: Go-for-green resource policies. Resources Policy, 66: 101640. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101640
[15] Belloumi, M., & Alshehry, A. (2020). The impact of international trade on sustainable development in Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 12(13): 5421.
[16] Ben Belgacem, S., Khatoon, G., & Alzuman, A. (2023). Role of renewable energy and financial innovation in environmental protection: empirical evidence from UAE and Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 15(11): 8684. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135421
[17] Chaaben, N., Elleuch, Z., Hamdi, B., & Kahouli, B. (2024). Green economy performance and sustainable development achievement: empirical evidence from Saudi Arabia. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26(1): 549-564. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02649-8
[18] Ghanem, A. M., & Alamri, Y. A. (2023). The impact of the green Middle East initiative on sustainable development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 22(1): 35-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2022.06.001
[19] Islam, M. T., & Ali, A. (2024). Sustainable green energy transition in Saudi Arabia: Characterizing policy framework, interrelations and future research directions. Next Energy, 5: 100161. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100161
[20] Kahia, M., Jarraya, B., Kahouli, B., & Omri, A. (2024). The role of environmental innovation and green energy deployment in environmental protection: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(1): 337-363. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01337-5
[21] Kahia, M., Omri, A., & Jarraya, B. (2020). Does green energy complement economic growth for achieving environmental sustainability? evidence from Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 13(1): 180. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01337-5
[22] Khalil, R. G., Damrah, S., Bajaher, M., & Shawtari, F. A. (2023). Unveiling the relationship of ESG, fintech, green finance, innovation and sustainability: case of Gulf countries. Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 30(54). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30554-2
[23] Khayat, R. O., Felemban, D. N., Altowairqi, T. K., & Aljahdali, M. O. (2023). Measurement of Saudi society environmental awareness in relation to 2030 Saudi vision and the Saudi green initiative. Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing (AJSP) ISSN, 2663, 5798.
[24] Liu, F. H., & Lai, K. P. (2021). Ecologies of green finance: Green sukuk and development of green Islamic finance in Malaysia. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 53(8): 1896-1914. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X211038349
[25] Mahalik, M. K., Babu, M. S., Loganathan, N., & Shahbaz, M. (2017). Does financial development intensify energy consumption in Saudi Arabia?. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 75: 1022-1034. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.097
[26] Matsuo, T., & Schmidt, T. S. (2017). Hybridizing low-carbon technology deployment policy and fossil fuel subsidy reform: a climate finance perspective. Environmental Research Letters, 12(1): 014002. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa5384
[27] Rahman, K., Khondaker, S.M., Abubakar, A.N., Aina, Y. A., & Hasan, M. A. (2019). Renewable energy utilization to promote sustainability in GCC countries: policies, drivers, and barriers. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26. DOI: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-019-05337-1
[28] Ronaldo, R., & Suryanto, T. (2022). Green finance and sustainability development goals in Indonesian Fund Village. Resources Policy, 78: 102839. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102839
[29] Saleem, H., Khan, M. B., & Mahdavian, S. M. (2022). The role of green growth, green financing, and eco-friendly technology in achieving environmental quality: evidence from selected Asian economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(38): 57720-57739. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19799-3
[30] Sarwar, S. (2022). Impact of energy intensity, green economy and blue economy to achieve sustainable economic growth in GCC countries: Does Saudi Vision 2030 matters to GCC countries. Renewable energy, 191: 30-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.03.121
[31] Shalhoob, H. (2023). Green sukuk in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and potentials of sustainability in the light of Saudi vision 2030. Journal of Governance and Regulation/Volume, 12(4). DOI:https://doi.org/10.22495/jgrv12i4siart15
[32] Sharif, A., Saqib, N., Dong, K., & Khan, S. A. R. (2022). Nexus between green technology innovation, green financing, and CO2 emissions in the G7 countries: the moderating role of social globalisation. Sustainable Development, 30(6): 1934-1946. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2360
[33] Shi, L., et al. (2023). Mediating role of finance amidst resource and energy policies in carbon control: a sustainable development study of Saudi Arabia. Resources Policy, 82, 103521. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103521
[34] Singh, A. K., Raza, S. A., Nakonieczny, J., & Shahzad, U. (2023). Role of financial inclusion, green innovation, and energy efficiency for environmental performance? Evidence from developed and emerging economies in the lens of sustainable development. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 64: 213-224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2022.12.008
[35] Singh, H. P., Singh, A., Alam, F., & Agrawal, V. (2022). Impact of sustainable development goals on economic growth in Saudi Arabia: Role of education and training. Sustainability, 14(21): 14119. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114119
[36] Skovgaard, J., Finkill, G., Bauer, F., Åhman, M., & Nielsen, T. D. (2023). Finance for fossils–The role of public financing in expanding petrochemicals. Global Environmental Change, 80: 102657. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2023.102657/
[37] Waheed, R. (2022). The significance of energy factors, green economic indicators, blue economic aspects towards carbon intensity: a study of Saudi vision 2030. Sustainability, 14(11): 6893. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116893/
[38] Waheed, R., Sarwar, S., & Alsaggaf, M. I. (2023). Relevance of energy, green and blue factors to achieve sustainable economic growth: Empirical study of Saudi Arabia. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 187: 122184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122184
[39] Yu, M., Zhou, Q., Cheok, M. Y., Kubiczek, J., & Iqbal, N. (2022). Does green finance improve energy efficiency? New evidence from developing and developed economies. Economic Change and Restructuring, 1-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-021-09355-3
[40] Zhang, D., Mohsin, M., Rasheed, A. K., Chang, Y., & Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (2021). Public spending and green economic growth in BRI region: mediating role of green finance. Energy Policy, 153: 112256. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112256
[41] International Renewable Energy Agency. (2019). Renewable energy and jobs – Annual review 2019. Available at: https://www.irena.org/publications/2019/May/Renewable-Energy-and-Jobs-Annual-Review-2019
[42] Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (2021). Updated Nationally Determined Contribution under the Paris Agreement. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/KSA%20NDC%202021%20-%20English.pdf
[43] Middle East Briefing. (2025, March 20). Saudi Arabia Unveils SR1 Billion Green Financing Initiative. Retrieved from https://www.middleeastbriefing.com/news/saudi-arabia-unveils-sr1-billion-green-financing-initiative/.
[44] Red Sea Global. (n.d.). Sustainability – The Red Sea Project. Retrieved from https://www.redseaglobal.com/en/our-commitments/sustainability
[45] Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority. (2021). Financial stability report 2021. Riyadh: Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority. Retrieved from https://www.sama.gov.sa/en-US/EconomicReports/Pages/FSR.aspx
[46] Saudi Ministry of Energy. (n.d.). National Renewable Energy Program – Sakaka Solar Project. Saudi Vision 2030. Retrieved from https://www.vision2030.gov.sa/en/programs/NREP.
Published
2025-05-29
How to Cite
AL-HARBI, Ahmad.
Green Financing for Sustainable Development in Saudi Arabia.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 16, n. 2, p. 95 - 105, may 2025.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/8872>. Date accessed: 05 june 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v16.2(78).01.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2025 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2025. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.