Tourists' Preferences in the Context of Their Psychological Well-Being: Conjoint Analysis
Abstract
The Purpose: The aim of the study is to determine how tourists' psychological well-being influences their preferences regarding various aspects of travel, such as the type of chosen destination, forms of leisure activities, and the expected intensity of social interactions.
Design/methodology/approach: A conjoint analysis was conducted with a sample of 600 respondents. Participants completed a psychological well-being questionnaire and a conjoint analysis survey to assess their preferences for various aspects of travel. The sample was representative of the adult Polish population according to demographic data.
Findings: The study found that the level of tourists' psychological well-being influences their preferences, particularly concerning the type of chosen tourist destination. Preferences for natural destinations were positively correlated with higher levels of psychological well-being.
Originality: This research fills a gap in the literature by incorporating psychological well-being into the study of tourists' preferences, providing insights into how mental health can influence travel decisions. The findings underscore the importance of considering psychological factors in tourism management and marketing.
Practical implications: Understanding the relationship between psychological well-being and travel preferences can aid in developing tourism offerings that support mental health, thereby contributing to overall social well-being. The study highlights the necessity of considering tourists' psychological well-being during the development of tourism offerings, as tourists' preferences are linked to their psychological well-being.
References
[1] Agyapong, E. K., and J. Yuan. 2022. Social Media Impact on Tourism Destination Decision: Evidence from International Students in China. Open Journal of Applied Sciences 12, no. 12. DOI https://doi.org/10.4236/ojapps.2022.1212143.
[2] Akgoz, E. 2023. The Effect of Country Personality on Destination Choice and Satisfaction." Journal of Tourism Management Research 10, no. 2: 140–153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/31.v10i2.3443.
[3] Alves, P., P. Saraiva, J. Carneiro, P. Campos, H. Martins, P. Novais, and G. Marreiros. 2020. Modeling Tourists' Personality in Recommender Systems: How Does Personality Influence Preferences for Tourist Attractions? In Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization (UMAP '20), 4–13. Association for Computing Machinery. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3340631.3394843.
[4] Amoah, F., L. Radder, and M. v. Eyk. 2018. A Comparison of Rural and Urban Tourism Experiences: A South African Example." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i2.2233.
[5] Bartłomiejowicz, T., and A. Bąk. 2021. Badania preferencji i zachowań konsumentów z wykorzystaniem metod mikroekonometrii i programu R. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu. (in Polish)
[6] Baumann, O., and B. Brooks-Cederqvist. 2023. "Multimodal Assessment of Effects of Urban Environments on Psychological Wellbeing." Heliyon 9, no. 6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16433.
[7] Bester, J. C. 2020. Beneficence, Interests, and Wellbeing in Medicine: What It Means to Provide Benefit to Patients." The American Journal of Bioethics 20, no. 3: 53–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2020.1714793.
[8] Bęben, R., S. Kuczamer-Kłopotowska, A. Młynkowiak-Stawarz, and I. Półbrat. 2021. Tourist Behavioral Intentions during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Role of Reactance, Perceived Risk and Protection Motivation. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12: 2130–2149.
[9] Młynkowiak-Stawarz, A., R. Bęben, and Z. Kraus 2024. Can Tourists Get Used to the Threat? A Comparative Study of Tourists’ Behavioral Intention during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Central European Management Journal 32 (2024): 76–92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CEMJ-10-2022-0159.
[10] Bichler, B. F., and M. Peters.2020. Soft Adventure Motivation: An Exploratory Study of Hiking Tourism. Tourism Review 76, no. 2: 473–488. https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-10-2019-0403.
[11] Blesic, I., T. Pivac, and M. Lopatny. 2021. Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for Tourist Destination Choice: A Case Study of Croatia. In Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe: ToSEE – Smart, Experience, Excellence and ToFEEL – Feelings, Excitement, Education, Leisure, 95–107.
[12] Boski, P. 2009. Kulturowe Ramy Zachowań Społecznych. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. (in Polish)
[13] Bosnjak, M., C. A. Brown, D.-J. Lee, G. B. Yu, and M. J. Sirgy. 2016. Self-Expressiveness in Sport Tourism: Determinants and Consequences. Journal of Travel Research 55, no. 1: 125–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287514535845.
[14] Brooker, A., and C. Vu. 2020. How Do University Experiences Contribute to Students’ Psychological Wellbeing? Student Success 11, no. 2: 99–108. https://doi.org/10.5204/ssj.1676.
[15] Buckley, R. 2020. Tourism and Mental Health: Foundations, Frameworks, and Futures. Journal of Travel Research 62, no. 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875221087669.
[16] Byun, J., and S. Jang. 2015. Effective Destination Advertising: Matching Effect between Advertising Language and Destination Type. Tourism Management 50 (2015): 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.01.005.
[17] Chen, C., and D. Gürsoy. 2023. Exploring Tourist Preference for Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) – A Latent Class Choice Approach. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 174 (2023): 103750. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103750.
[18] Chen, C., and J. F. Petrick. 2014. The Roles of Perceived Travel Benefits, Importance, and Constraints in Predicting Travel Behavior. Journal of Travel Research 55: 509–522. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287514563986.
[19] Czapliński, J., ed. 2008. Psychologiczne Teorie Szczęścia. In Psychologia Pozytywna: Nauka o Szczęściu, Zdrowiu, Sile i Cnotach Człowieka, 51–102. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. (in Polish)
[20] Czapliński, J., ed. 2008. Czy Szczęście Popłaca? Dobrostan Psychiczny Jako Przyczyna Pomyślności Życiowej." In Psychologia Pozytywna: Nauka o Szczęściu, Zdrowiu, Sile i Cnotach Człowieka, 235–254. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. (in Polish)
[21] Dai, Y., T. Wang, W. Zhuang, and T. Huan. 2021. Are You an Awkward Tourist? Keys to Enhance the Cohesion between Tourists and Local Residents from the Viewpoint of Leisure Literacy and Recreationist-Environment Fit. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 47: 312–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.04.002.
[22] Dellaert, B. G. C., A. W. J. Borgers, and H. J. P. Timmermans.1997. Conjoint Models of Tourist Portfolio Choice: Theory and Illustration. Leisure Sciences 19, no. 1: 31–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409709512238.
[23] Dellaert, B., A. Borgers, and H. Timmermans.1995. A Day in the City: Using Conjoint Choice Experiments to Model Urban Tourists' Choice of Activity Packages. Tourism Management 16, no. 5: 347–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(95)00035-M.
[24] Diener, E. 2000. Subjective Well-Being. The Sciences of Happiness and Proposal for a National Index. American Psychologists 55, no. 1: 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34.
[25] Dogra, N., and M. Adil. 2023. Factors Influencing Travellers’ Decision-Making Behaviour towards Online Travel Purchases: A Fuzzy-DEMATEL Approach. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2023.2262707.
[26] Fardous, J., J. T. Du, P. Hansen, K.-K. R. Choo, and S. Huang. 2019. Group Trip Planning and Information Seeking Behaviours by Mobile Social Media Users: A Study of Tourists in Australia, Bangladesh and China. Journal of Information Science 47, no. 3: 323–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551519890515.
[27] Ferrer-Rosell, B., and G. Coenders. 2018. Destinations and Crisis. Profiling Tourists' Budget Share from 2006 to 2012. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management 7: 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.07.002.
[28] Fredricson, B.L., and T. Joiner. 2002. Positive Emotions Trigger Upward Spirals Toward Emotional Well-Being. Psychological Science, 13(2): 172–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00431
[29] Fredrickson B.L. 2009. Positivity: Top-Notch Research Reveals the Upward Spiral That Will Change Your Life. New York. Three Rivers Press.
[30] Garau-Vadell, J. B., D. Gutierrez-Taño, and R. Diaz-Armas. 2018. Economic Crisis and Residents’ Perception of the Impacts of Tourism in Mass Tourism Destinations. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management 7 (2018): 68–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.08.008.
[31] Gill, C. 2018. Essays Exploring the Restorative Potential, Experiences and Outcomes of Spiritual Retreats. https://doi.org/10.14264/uql.2018.796.
[32] Gogonea, R. M., A. S. Saseanu, S. Ghita, and S. G. Toma. 2021. How Do Europeans Travel and Spend? A Pre-Covid Cluster Approach. BASIQ International Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption. DOI:https://doi.org/10.24818/basiq/2021/07/060.
[33] Hainmueller, J., D. J. Hopkins, and T. Yamamoto. 2013. Causal Inference in Conjoint Analysis: Understanding Multidimensional Choices via Stated Preference Experiments. SSRN Electronic Journal. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2231687.
[34] Heszen-Cielińska, I., and H. Sęk. 2020. Psychologia Zdrowia. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. (in Polish)
[35] Huertas-García, R., M. L. García, and C. Consolación. 2012. Conjoint Analysis of Tourist Choice of Hotel Attributes Presented in Travel Agent Brochures. International Journal of Tourism Research 16, no. 1: 65–75. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1899.
[36] Hysa, B., M. Calabrese, and P. Skarbek. 2021. The Role of Social Media and Visual Brand Storytelling in Tourism Recovery in the Post-Pandemic World. Journal of Tourism Futures 7, no. 3: 319–333. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-05-2021-0101.
[37] Ivanova, M., I. Ivanov, and С. Иванов. 2020. Travel Behaviour after the Pandemic: The Case of Bulgaria. Anatolia 32, no. 1: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2020.1818267.
[38] Jamaluddin, R., N. H. M. Hashim, N. Ismail, N. Yacob, and M. Daud. 2022. The Tourism Well-Being (TWB) Model for Assessing Homestay Guests’ Well-Being: A Conceptual Review. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Culinary Arts (JTHCA) 14, no. 1: 48–62.
[39] Jaeger, S. R., F. R. Harker, C. M. Triggs, A. Gunson, R. L. Campbell, R. Jackman, and C. Requejo-Jackman. 2011. Determining Consumer Purchase Intentions: The Importance of Dry Matter, Size, and Price of Kiwifruit. Journal of Food Science 76, no. 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02084.x.
[40] Jang, S., and L. A. Cai. 2002. Travel Motivations and Destination Choice: A Study of British Outbound Market. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 13, no. 3: 111–133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548400209511570.
[41] Jiménez-Guerrero, J., L. Piedra-Muñoz, E. Galdeano-Gómez, and J. C. Pérez-Mesa. 2021. The Global Economic Crisis and International Tourism: A Sub-Continental Analysis. Tourism Planning and Development 18, no. 1: 1–24. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2019.1683887.
[42] Joseph, J., and J. A. McGregor. 2020. Wellbeing. In Wellbeing, Resilience and Sustainability. Building a Sustainable Political Economy: SPERI Research and Policy, 45–67. Palgrave Pivot. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32307-3_2.
[43] Kang, J., and H. Song. 2021. Cultural Storytelling in Cultural Tourism: The Impact on Tourists' Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management 21: 100612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100612.
[44] Karaś, D., and J. Cieciuch. 2017. Polska Adaptacja Kwestionariusza Dobrostanu (Psychological Well-being Scales) Caroll Ryff. Roczniki Psychologiczne 20, no. 4: 815–853. (in Polish)
[45] Kim, H., K. Lee, C. H. Joh, J. Kim, S. Moon, C. Lee, S. Lee, J. Lee, and H. J. Lim. 2023. Spatial Experience on Tourism through MaaS (Mobility as a Service): Applying for a Conjoint Model of Portfolio Choice. Information Processing and Management 60, no. 3: 103263. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IPM.2022.103263.
[46] Kim, S., J. Y. Chung, J. F. Petrick, and J. W. Park. 2016. Determination of Preferred Performing Arts Tourism Products Using Conjoint Analysis. Journal of Vacation Marketing 24, no. 1: 44–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766716679484.
[47] Kimball, A., and V. J. Freysinger. 2003. Leisure, Stress, and Coping: The Sport Participation of Collegiate Student-Athletes. Leisure Sciences 25, no. 2-3 (2003): 115–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400306569.
[48] Kiráľová, A., and I. Hamarneh. 2018. Urban Tourism Competitiveness of Selected European Cities. In Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption: 125–140. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31410/itema.2018.125.
[49] Kovačić, N. 2022. The Acceptance of Smart Technologies in Tourist Regions with Respect to Mobility Preferences of Their Visitors. Transportation Research Procedia 64: 257–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2022.09.030.
[50] Kozak, M. A., and T. C. Metİn. 2014. Turistik Rekreasyon Planlamasında Rekreasyonel Fırsat Dağılımı Yönteminin Kullanımı. Journal of Human Sciences 11, no. 1: 1114–1125. https://doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v11i1.2877.
[51] Kruger, S., M. J. Sirgy, D.-J. Lee, and G. Yu. 2015. Does Life Satisfaction of Tourists Increase if They Set Travel Goals That Have High Positive Valence? Tourism Analysis 20, no. 2: 173–188. DOI: 10.3727/108354215X14265319207353.
[52] Li, C., S. McCabe, and H. Wang. 2017. Destination Choice of Chinese Long-Haul Outbound Tourists and Market Segmentation. Journal of China Tourism Research 13, no. 3: 298–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2017.1398118.
[53] Li, J., P. Kunasekaran, K. W. Chia, and S. Hui-Wen Chuah. 2023. A Systematic Mapping Study on Tourist-Tourist Interactions. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 56: 163–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.06.017.
[54] Li, M., G. Lin, and X. Feng. 2012. An Interactive Family Tourism Decision Model. Journal of Travel Research 62, no. 1: 121–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875211056682.
[55] Litvin, S., and J. T. Rosene. 2018 Keeping It Fresh: Revisiting an Historic Tourist City's Streetscape Improvement Project. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management 7: 12–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.06.001.
[56] Liu, Z., A. Wang, K. Weber, E. H. W. Chan, and W. Shi. 2022. Categorisation of Cultural Tourism Attractions by Tourist Preference Using Location-Based Social Network Data: The Case of Central, Hong Kong. Tourism Management 90. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2022.104488.
[57] Luce, R. D., and J. W. Tukey. 1964. Simultaneous Conjoint Measurement: A New Type of Fundamental Measurement. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 1, no. 1: 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2496(64)90015-X.
[58] Lück, M., and R. S. Aquino. 2021. Domestic Nature-Based Tourism and Wellbeing: A Roadmap for the New Normal? In J. Wilks, D. Pendergast, and P. A. Morgan, eds., Tourist Health, Safety and Wellbeing in the New Normal, 269–292. Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5415-2_11.
[59] Madkhali, H. 2024. The Mediating Effect of Place Attachment on Intention to Visit among Visitors to Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. Planning Malaysia 22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v22i30.1424.
[60] Mahdi, A. J., and D. Esztergár-Kiss. 2023. Supporting Scheduling Decisions by Using Genetic Algorithm Based on Tourists’ Preferences. Applied Soft Computing 148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2023.110857.
[61] Mimbs, B. P., B. B. Boley, J. M. Bowker, K. Woosnam, and G. T. Green. 2020. Importance-Performance Analysis of Residents' and Tourists’ Preferences for Water-Based Recreation in the Southeastern United States. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 31: 100324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2020.100324.
[62] Gao, M. E., L. R. Havitz, and L. R. Potwarka. 2020. Exploring the Influence of Family Holiday Travel on the Subjective Well-Being of Chinese Adolescents. Journal of China Tourism Research 16, no. 1: 45–61. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2018.1513883.
[63] Młynkowiak-Stawarz, A. 2023. Do Polish Tourists Want Wellbeing Tourism? Preferences for Wellbeing Tourism versus the Psychological Wellbeing of Individuals. e-mentor 2, no. 99: 56–68. https://doi.org/10.15219/em99.1610.
[64] Młynkowiak-Stawarz, A., R. Bęben, and Z. Kraus. 2024. Can Tourists Get Used to the Threat? A Comparative Study of Tourists’ Behavioral Intention during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Central European Management Journal 32: 76–92. https://doi.org/10.1108/CEMJ-10-2022-0159.
[65] Ntoumanis, N., et al. 2020. A Meta-Analysis of Self-Determination Theory-Informed Intervention Studies in the Health Domain: Effects on Motivation, Health Behavior, Physical, and Psychological Health." Health Psychology Review 15, no. 2: 214–244.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2020.1718529.
[66] Otoo, F. E., S. Kim, and Y. Choi. 2020. Understanding Senior Tourists' Preferences and Characteristics Based on Their Overseas Travel Motivation Clusters. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 37, no. 2: 246–257. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2020.1740136.
[67] Parra Vargas, E., C. de-Juan-Ripoll, M. B. Bueno Panadero, and M. Alcañiz. 2021. Lifestyle Segmentation of Tourists: The Role of Personality. Heliyon 7, no. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07579.
[68] Penagos-Londoño, G. I., C. Rodriguez-Sanchez, F. Ruiz-Moreno, and E. Torres. 2021. A Machine Learning Approach to Segmentation of Tourists Based on Perceived Destination Sustainability and Trustworthiness." Journal of Destination Marketing and Management 19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100532.
[69] Piontek, D. 2022. Styl Życia, Akceptowane Zasady, Cele w Życiu, Szanse i Obawy Polaków. In R. M. Staniszewski, ed., Pomiędzy Pandemią COVID-19 a Wojną w Ukrainie: Diagnoza Stanu Polskiego Społeczeństwa, 45–70. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo ToC. (in Polish)
[70] Pisarska, B. 2013. W Drodze ku Uniwersalności Klasyfikacji Form Rekreacji, w Tym Turystyki. In R. Wiluś and J. Wojciechowska, eds., Nowe-Stare Formy Turystyki w Przestrzeni: Warsztaty z Geografii Turyzmu, Tom 3, 21–35. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18778/7525-925-4.03. (in Polish)
[71] Prasetyo, Y. T. 2024. Indonesian Martial Artists’ Preferences in Martial Arts Schools: Sustaining Business Competitiveness through Conjoint Analysis. PLOS ONE 19, no. 4: e0301229. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301229.
[72] Raazim, M., and M. Munasinghe. 2021. Impact of Destination Attributes on Tourists Destination Selection: With Special Reference to Cultural Triangle of Sri Lanka. ASEAN Journal on Hospitality and Tourism 19, no. 2: 101–111. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5614/ajht.2021.19.2.02.
[73] Reichenberger, I. 2017. C2C Value Co-Creation through Social Interactions in Tourism. International Journal of Tourism Research 19, no. 6: 629–638. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2135.
[74] Romão, J., P. P. Seal, P. Hansen, S. Joseph, and S. Piramanayagam. 2021. Stakeholder-Based Conjoint Analysis for Branding Wellness Tourism in Kerala, India. Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science 6, no. 1: 91–111. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s41685-021-00218-3.
[75] Ryan, R. M., and E. L. Deci. 2001. On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being." Annual Review of Psychology 52, no. 1. DOI: https://doi.org10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141.
[76] Ryff, C. D. 1989. Happiness Is Not Everything, or Is It? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57, no. 6: 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069.
[77] Ryff, C. D. 2017. Eudaimonic Well-Being, Inequality, and Health: Recent Findings and Future Directions. International Review of Economics 64, no. 2: 159–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12232-017-0277-4.
[78] Saini, H., P. Kumar, and S. Oberoi. 2023. Welcome to the Destination! Social Media Influencers as Cogent Determinant of Travel Decision: A Systematic Literature Review and Conceptual Framework. Cogent Social Sciences 9, no. 1. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2240055.
[79] Sánchez-Pérez, M., E. Et al. 2021. The Impact of the COVID-19 Health Crisis on Tourist Evaluation and Behavioural Intentions in Spain: Implications for Market Segmentation Analysis. Current Issues in Tourism 24, no. 7: 919–933. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1889481.
[80] Sammer, K., and R. Wüstenhagen. 2006. The Influence of Eco-Labelling on Consumer Behaviour: Results of a Discrete Choice Analysis for Washing Machines. Business Strategy and the Environment 15, no. 3: 185–199. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.522.
[81] Seymour, V. 2016. The Human–Nature Relationship and Its Impact on Health: A Critical Review. Frontiers in Public Health 4: 260. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00260.
[82] Shi, D., B. Yi, B. Zhang, and D. Yu.2023. Travelling to an Unusual Destination: Chinese Tourists’ Preferences for Visiting North Korea. Current Issues in Tourism 26, no. 13: 2128–2144. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2022.2077179.
[83] Smith, F., and W. Turner. 2023. What Are the Psychological and Cognitive Wellbeing Benefits as Reported by People Experiencing Green Space? A Meta-Ethnography. Wellbeing, Space and Society 5. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wss.2023.100158.
[84] Su, L., J. Cheng, J. Wen, M. Kozak, and S. Teo. 2022. Does Seeing Deviant Other-Tourist Behavior Matter? The Moderating Role of Travel Companions." Tourism Management 88: 104434. DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104434.
[85] Suh, Y. K., and L. McAvoy.2005. Preferences and Trip Expenditures - A Conjoint Analysis of Visitors to Seoul, Korea. Tourism Management 26, no. 3: 325–333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.015.
[86] Sumalrot, A. B., H. Raza, and J. Seufert. 2023. Psychological Capital Interventions during COVID-19: Mitigating Job Insecurity in Tourism. Tourism Review 78, no. 3: 527–542. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-03-2022-0126.
[87] Szymańska, D. 2023. The Spatial Structure of Domestic Tourist Trips of Polish Residents in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Bulletin of Geography Socio-Economic Series 62: 43–57. https://doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2023-0033.
[88] Tang, J., H. Wu, V. Ramos, and S. Sriboonchitta. 2021. The Role of Weather Conditions on Tourists’ Decision-Making Process: A Theoretical Framework and an Application to China’s Inbound Visitors. Current Issues in Tourism 24, no. 24: 3450–3465. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1883555.
[89] Tyszka, T., 2004. ed. Psychologia Ekonomiczna. Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne. (in Polish)
[90] UNWTO. 2022. World Tourism Barometer (English Version). https://doi.org/10.18111/wtobarometereng.
[91] van Rensburg, T. M., N. Brennan, and A. Howard. 2023. Tourist Preferences for Fuel Cell Vehicle Rental: Going Green with Hydrogen on the Island of Tenerife. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2023.03.435.
[92] Velea, L., A. Gallo, R. Bojariu, A. Irimescu, V. Crǎciunescu, and S. Puiu.2022. Holiday Climate Index: Urban - Application for Urban and Rural Areas in Romania. Atmosphere 13, no. 9: 1519. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091519.
[93] Walesiak, M. 2001. Gromadzenie Danych w Procedurze Conjoint Analysis. Przegląd Statystyczny 48, no. 1-2: 45–58. DOI: http://depot.ceon.pl/handle/123456789/1064.
[94] Walesiak, M. 2002. Problemy Wyboru w Procedurze Conjoint Analysis. In A. Zeliaś, ed., Przestrzenno-Czasowe Modelowanie i Prognozowanie Zjawisk Gospodarczych, 227–243. Kraków: Wydawnictwo AE w Krakowie. (in Polish)
[95] Wojciszke, B. 2020. Psychologia Społeczna. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar. (in Polish)
[96] Zhang, J., X. Wei, H. Fukuda, L. Zhang, and X. Ji. 2021. A Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis of Social Media Picture Posting and Souvenir Purchasing Preference: A Case Study of Social Analytics on Tourism. Information Processing and Management 58, no. 6: 102716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102716.
[97] Zhou, G., Y. Liu, J. Hu, and X. Cao. 2023. The Effect of Tourist-to-Tourist Interaction on Tourists' Behavior: The Mediating Effects of Positive Emotions and Memorable Tourism Experiences. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 55: 161–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.03.005.
[98] GUS. Wyniki Badań Bieżących. https://demografia.stat.gov.pl/bazademografia/Tables.aspx
[2] Akgoz, E. 2023. The Effect of Country Personality on Destination Choice and Satisfaction." Journal of Tourism Management Research 10, no. 2: 140–153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/31.v10i2.3443.
[3] Alves, P., P. Saraiva, J. Carneiro, P. Campos, H. Martins, P. Novais, and G. Marreiros. 2020. Modeling Tourists' Personality in Recommender Systems: How Does Personality Influence Preferences for Tourist Attractions? In Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization (UMAP '20), 4–13. Association for Computing Machinery. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3340631.3394843.
[4] Amoah, F., L. Radder, and M. v. Eyk. 2018. A Comparison of Rural and Urban Tourism Experiences: A South African Example." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i2.2233.
[5] Bartłomiejowicz, T., and A. Bąk. 2021. Badania preferencji i zachowań konsumentów z wykorzystaniem metod mikroekonometrii i programu R. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu. (in Polish)
[6] Baumann, O., and B. Brooks-Cederqvist. 2023. "Multimodal Assessment of Effects of Urban Environments on Psychological Wellbeing." Heliyon 9, no. 6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16433.
[7] Bester, J. C. 2020. Beneficence, Interests, and Wellbeing in Medicine: What It Means to Provide Benefit to Patients." The American Journal of Bioethics 20, no. 3: 53–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2020.1714793.
[8] Bęben, R., S. Kuczamer-Kłopotowska, A. Młynkowiak-Stawarz, and I. Półbrat. 2021. Tourist Behavioral Intentions during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Role of Reactance, Perceived Risk and Protection Motivation. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12: 2130–2149.
[9] Młynkowiak-Stawarz, A., R. Bęben, and Z. Kraus 2024. Can Tourists Get Used to the Threat? A Comparative Study of Tourists’ Behavioral Intention during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Central European Management Journal 32 (2024): 76–92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CEMJ-10-2022-0159.
[10] Bichler, B. F., and M. Peters.2020. Soft Adventure Motivation: An Exploratory Study of Hiking Tourism. Tourism Review 76, no. 2: 473–488. https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-10-2019-0403.
[11] Blesic, I., T. Pivac, and M. Lopatny. 2021. Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for Tourist Destination Choice: A Case Study of Croatia. In Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe: ToSEE – Smart, Experience, Excellence and ToFEEL – Feelings, Excitement, Education, Leisure, 95–107.
[12] Boski, P. 2009. Kulturowe Ramy Zachowań Społecznych. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. (in Polish)
[13] Bosnjak, M., C. A. Brown, D.-J. Lee, G. B. Yu, and M. J. Sirgy. 2016. Self-Expressiveness in Sport Tourism: Determinants and Consequences. Journal of Travel Research 55, no. 1: 125–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287514535845.
[14] Brooker, A., and C. Vu. 2020. How Do University Experiences Contribute to Students’ Psychological Wellbeing? Student Success 11, no. 2: 99–108. https://doi.org/10.5204/ssj.1676.
[15] Buckley, R. 2020. Tourism and Mental Health: Foundations, Frameworks, and Futures. Journal of Travel Research 62, no. 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875221087669.
[16] Byun, J., and S. Jang. 2015. Effective Destination Advertising: Matching Effect between Advertising Language and Destination Type. Tourism Management 50 (2015): 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.01.005.
[17] Chen, C., and D. Gürsoy. 2023. Exploring Tourist Preference for Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) – A Latent Class Choice Approach. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 174 (2023): 103750. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103750.
[18] Chen, C., and J. F. Petrick. 2014. The Roles of Perceived Travel Benefits, Importance, and Constraints in Predicting Travel Behavior. Journal of Travel Research 55: 509–522. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287514563986.
[19] Czapliński, J., ed. 2008. Psychologiczne Teorie Szczęścia. In Psychologia Pozytywna: Nauka o Szczęściu, Zdrowiu, Sile i Cnotach Człowieka, 51–102. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. (in Polish)
[20] Czapliński, J., ed. 2008. Czy Szczęście Popłaca? Dobrostan Psychiczny Jako Przyczyna Pomyślności Życiowej." In Psychologia Pozytywna: Nauka o Szczęściu, Zdrowiu, Sile i Cnotach Człowieka, 235–254. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. (in Polish)
[21] Dai, Y., T. Wang, W. Zhuang, and T. Huan. 2021. Are You an Awkward Tourist? Keys to Enhance the Cohesion between Tourists and Local Residents from the Viewpoint of Leisure Literacy and Recreationist-Environment Fit. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 47: 312–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.04.002.
[22] Dellaert, B. G. C., A. W. J. Borgers, and H. J. P. Timmermans.1997. Conjoint Models of Tourist Portfolio Choice: Theory and Illustration. Leisure Sciences 19, no. 1: 31–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409709512238.
[23] Dellaert, B., A. Borgers, and H. Timmermans.1995. A Day in the City: Using Conjoint Choice Experiments to Model Urban Tourists' Choice of Activity Packages. Tourism Management 16, no. 5: 347–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(95)00035-M.
[24] Diener, E. 2000. Subjective Well-Being. The Sciences of Happiness and Proposal for a National Index. American Psychologists 55, no. 1: 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34.
[25] Dogra, N., and M. Adil. 2023. Factors Influencing Travellers’ Decision-Making Behaviour towards Online Travel Purchases: A Fuzzy-DEMATEL Approach. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2023.2262707.
[26] Fardous, J., J. T. Du, P. Hansen, K.-K. R. Choo, and S. Huang. 2019. Group Trip Planning and Information Seeking Behaviours by Mobile Social Media Users: A Study of Tourists in Australia, Bangladesh and China. Journal of Information Science 47, no. 3: 323–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551519890515.
[27] Ferrer-Rosell, B., and G. Coenders. 2018. Destinations and Crisis. Profiling Tourists' Budget Share from 2006 to 2012. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management 7: 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.07.002.
[28] Fredricson, B.L., and T. Joiner. 2002. Positive Emotions Trigger Upward Spirals Toward Emotional Well-Being. Psychological Science, 13(2): 172–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00431
[29] Fredrickson B.L. 2009. Positivity: Top-Notch Research Reveals the Upward Spiral That Will Change Your Life. New York. Three Rivers Press.
[30] Garau-Vadell, J. B., D. Gutierrez-Taño, and R. Diaz-Armas. 2018. Economic Crisis and Residents’ Perception of the Impacts of Tourism in Mass Tourism Destinations. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management 7 (2018): 68–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.08.008.
[31] Gill, C. 2018. Essays Exploring the Restorative Potential, Experiences and Outcomes of Spiritual Retreats. https://doi.org/10.14264/uql.2018.796.
[32] Gogonea, R. M., A. S. Saseanu, S. Ghita, and S. G. Toma. 2021. How Do Europeans Travel and Spend? A Pre-Covid Cluster Approach. BASIQ International Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption. DOI:https://doi.org/10.24818/basiq/2021/07/060.
[33] Hainmueller, J., D. J. Hopkins, and T. Yamamoto. 2013. Causal Inference in Conjoint Analysis: Understanding Multidimensional Choices via Stated Preference Experiments. SSRN Electronic Journal. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2231687.
[34] Heszen-Cielińska, I., and H. Sęk. 2020. Psychologia Zdrowia. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. (in Polish)
[35] Huertas-García, R., M. L. García, and C. Consolación. 2012. Conjoint Analysis of Tourist Choice of Hotel Attributes Presented in Travel Agent Brochures. International Journal of Tourism Research 16, no. 1: 65–75. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1899.
[36] Hysa, B., M. Calabrese, and P. Skarbek. 2021. The Role of Social Media and Visual Brand Storytelling in Tourism Recovery in the Post-Pandemic World. Journal of Tourism Futures 7, no. 3: 319–333. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-05-2021-0101.
[37] Ivanova, M., I. Ivanov, and С. Иванов. 2020. Travel Behaviour after the Pandemic: The Case of Bulgaria. Anatolia 32, no. 1: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2020.1818267.
[38] Jamaluddin, R., N. H. M. Hashim, N. Ismail, N. Yacob, and M. Daud. 2022. The Tourism Well-Being (TWB) Model for Assessing Homestay Guests’ Well-Being: A Conceptual Review. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Culinary Arts (JTHCA) 14, no. 1: 48–62.
[39] Jaeger, S. R., F. R. Harker, C. M. Triggs, A. Gunson, R. L. Campbell, R. Jackman, and C. Requejo-Jackman. 2011. Determining Consumer Purchase Intentions: The Importance of Dry Matter, Size, and Price of Kiwifruit. Journal of Food Science 76, no. 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02084.x.
[40] Jang, S., and L. A. Cai. 2002. Travel Motivations and Destination Choice: A Study of British Outbound Market. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 13, no. 3: 111–133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548400209511570.
[41] Jiménez-Guerrero, J., L. Piedra-Muñoz, E. Galdeano-Gómez, and J. C. Pérez-Mesa. 2021. The Global Economic Crisis and International Tourism: A Sub-Continental Analysis. Tourism Planning and Development 18, no. 1: 1–24. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2019.1683887.
[42] Joseph, J., and J. A. McGregor. 2020. Wellbeing. In Wellbeing, Resilience and Sustainability. Building a Sustainable Political Economy: SPERI Research and Policy, 45–67. Palgrave Pivot. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32307-3_2.
[43] Kang, J., and H. Song. 2021. Cultural Storytelling in Cultural Tourism: The Impact on Tourists' Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management 21: 100612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100612.
[44] Karaś, D., and J. Cieciuch. 2017. Polska Adaptacja Kwestionariusza Dobrostanu (Psychological Well-being Scales) Caroll Ryff. Roczniki Psychologiczne 20, no. 4: 815–853. (in Polish)
[45] Kim, H., K. Lee, C. H. Joh, J. Kim, S. Moon, C. Lee, S. Lee, J. Lee, and H. J. Lim. 2023. Spatial Experience on Tourism through MaaS (Mobility as a Service): Applying for a Conjoint Model of Portfolio Choice. Information Processing and Management 60, no. 3: 103263. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IPM.2022.103263.
[46] Kim, S., J. Y. Chung, J. F. Petrick, and J. W. Park. 2016. Determination of Preferred Performing Arts Tourism Products Using Conjoint Analysis. Journal of Vacation Marketing 24, no. 1: 44–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766716679484.
[47] Kimball, A., and V. J. Freysinger. 2003. Leisure, Stress, and Coping: The Sport Participation of Collegiate Student-Athletes. Leisure Sciences 25, no. 2-3 (2003): 115–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400306569.
[48] Kiráľová, A., and I. Hamarneh. 2018. Urban Tourism Competitiveness of Selected European Cities. In Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption: 125–140. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31410/itema.2018.125.
[49] Kovačić, N. 2022. The Acceptance of Smart Technologies in Tourist Regions with Respect to Mobility Preferences of Their Visitors. Transportation Research Procedia 64: 257–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2022.09.030.
[50] Kozak, M. A., and T. C. Metİn. 2014. Turistik Rekreasyon Planlamasında Rekreasyonel Fırsat Dağılımı Yönteminin Kullanımı. Journal of Human Sciences 11, no. 1: 1114–1125. https://doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v11i1.2877.
[51] Kruger, S., M. J. Sirgy, D.-J. Lee, and G. Yu. 2015. Does Life Satisfaction of Tourists Increase if They Set Travel Goals That Have High Positive Valence? Tourism Analysis 20, no. 2: 173–188. DOI: 10.3727/108354215X14265319207353.
[52] Li, C., S. McCabe, and H. Wang. 2017. Destination Choice of Chinese Long-Haul Outbound Tourists and Market Segmentation. Journal of China Tourism Research 13, no. 3: 298–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2017.1398118.
[53] Li, J., P. Kunasekaran, K. W. Chia, and S. Hui-Wen Chuah. 2023. A Systematic Mapping Study on Tourist-Tourist Interactions. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 56: 163–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.06.017.
[54] Li, M., G. Lin, and X. Feng. 2012. An Interactive Family Tourism Decision Model. Journal of Travel Research 62, no. 1: 121–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875211056682.
[55] Litvin, S., and J. T. Rosene. 2018 Keeping It Fresh: Revisiting an Historic Tourist City's Streetscape Improvement Project. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management 7: 12–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.06.001.
[56] Liu, Z., A. Wang, K. Weber, E. H. W. Chan, and W. Shi. 2022. Categorisation of Cultural Tourism Attractions by Tourist Preference Using Location-Based Social Network Data: The Case of Central, Hong Kong. Tourism Management 90. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2022.104488.
[57] Luce, R. D., and J. W. Tukey. 1964. Simultaneous Conjoint Measurement: A New Type of Fundamental Measurement. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 1, no. 1: 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2496(64)90015-X.
[58] Lück, M., and R. S. Aquino. 2021. Domestic Nature-Based Tourism and Wellbeing: A Roadmap for the New Normal? In J. Wilks, D. Pendergast, and P. A. Morgan, eds., Tourist Health, Safety and Wellbeing in the New Normal, 269–292. Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5415-2_11.
[59] Madkhali, H. 2024. The Mediating Effect of Place Attachment on Intention to Visit among Visitors to Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. Planning Malaysia 22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v22i30.1424.
[60] Mahdi, A. J., and D. Esztergár-Kiss. 2023. Supporting Scheduling Decisions by Using Genetic Algorithm Based on Tourists’ Preferences. Applied Soft Computing 148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2023.110857.
[61] Mimbs, B. P., B. B. Boley, J. M. Bowker, K. Woosnam, and G. T. Green. 2020. Importance-Performance Analysis of Residents' and Tourists’ Preferences for Water-Based Recreation in the Southeastern United States. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 31: 100324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2020.100324.
[62] Gao, M. E., L. R. Havitz, and L. R. Potwarka. 2020. Exploring the Influence of Family Holiday Travel on the Subjective Well-Being of Chinese Adolescents. Journal of China Tourism Research 16, no. 1: 45–61. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2018.1513883.
[63] Młynkowiak-Stawarz, A. 2023. Do Polish Tourists Want Wellbeing Tourism? Preferences for Wellbeing Tourism versus the Psychological Wellbeing of Individuals. e-mentor 2, no. 99: 56–68. https://doi.org/10.15219/em99.1610.
[64] Młynkowiak-Stawarz, A., R. Bęben, and Z. Kraus. 2024. Can Tourists Get Used to the Threat? A Comparative Study of Tourists’ Behavioral Intention during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Central European Management Journal 32: 76–92. https://doi.org/10.1108/CEMJ-10-2022-0159.
[65] Ntoumanis, N., et al. 2020. A Meta-Analysis of Self-Determination Theory-Informed Intervention Studies in the Health Domain: Effects on Motivation, Health Behavior, Physical, and Psychological Health." Health Psychology Review 15, no. 2: 214–244.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2020.1718529.
[66] Otoo, F. E., S. Kim, and Y. Choi. 2020. Understanding Senior Tourists' Preferences and Characteristics Based on Their Overseas Travel Motivation Clusters. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 37, no. 2: 246–257. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2020.1740136.
[67] Parra Vargas, E., C. de-Juan-Ripoll, M. B. Bueno Panadero, and M. Alcañiz. 2021. Lifestyle Segmentation of Tourists: The Role of Personality. Heliyon 7, no. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07579.
[68] Penagos-Londoño, G. I., C. Rodriguez-Sanchez, F. Ruiz-Moreno, and E. Torres. 2021. A Machine Learning Approach to Segmentation of Tourists Based on Perceived Destination Sustainability and Trustworthiness." Journal of Destination Marketing and Management 19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100532.
[69] Piontek, D. 2022. Styl Życia, Akceptowane Zasady, Cele w Życiu, Szanse i Obawy Polaków. In R. M. Staniszewski, ed., Pomiędzy Pandemią COVID-19 a Wojną w Ukrainie: Diagnoza Stanu Polskiego Społeczeństwa, 45–70. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo ToC. (in Polish)
[70] Pisarska, B. 2013. W Drodze ku Uniwersalności Klasyfikacji Form Rekreacji, w Tym Turystyki. In R. Wiluś and J. Wojciechowska, eds., Nowe-Stare Formy Turystyki w Przestrzeni: Warsztaty z Geografii Turyzmu, Tom 3, 21–35. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18778/7525-925-4.03. (in Polish)
[71] Prasetyo, Y. T. 2024. Indonesian Martial Artists’ Preferences in Martial Arts Schools: Sustaining Business Competitiveness through Conjoint Analysis. PLOS ONE 19, no. 4: e0301229. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301229.
[72] Raazim, M., and M. Munasinghe. 2021. Impact of Destination Attributes on Tourists Destination Selection: With Special Reference to Cultural Triangle of Sri Lanka. ASEAN Journal on Hospitality and Tourism 19, no. 2: 101–111. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5614/ajht.2021.19.2.02.
[73] Reichenberger, I. 2017. C2C Value Co-Creation through Social Interactions in Tourism. International Journal of Tourism Research 19, no. 6: 629–638. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2135.
[74] Romão, J., P. P. Seal, P. Hansen, S. Joseph, and S. Piramanayagam. 2021. Stakeholder-Based Conjoint Analysis for Branding Wellness Tourism in Kerala, India. Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science 6, no. 1: 91–111. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s41685-021-00218-3.
[75] Ryan, R. M., and E. L. Deci. 2001. On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being." Annual Review of Psychology 52, no. 1. DOI: https://doi.org10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141.
[76] Ryff, C. D. 1989. Happiness Is Not Everything, or Is It? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57, no. 6: 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069.
[77] Ryff, C. D. 2017. Eudaimonic Well-Being, Inequality, and Health: Recent Findings and Future Directions. International Review of Economics 64, no. 2: 159–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12232-017-0277-4.
[78] Saini, H., P. Kumar, and S. Oberoi. 2023. Welcome to the Destination! Social Media Influencers as Cogent Determinant of Travel Decision: A Systematic Literature Review and Conceptual Framework. Cogent Social Sciences 9, no. 1. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2240055.
[79] Sánchez-Pérez, M., E. Et al. 2021. The Impact of the COVID-19 Health Crisis on Tourist Evaluation and Behavioural Intentions in Spain: Implications for Market Segmentation Analysis. Current Issues in Tourism 24, no. 7: 919–933. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1889481.
[80] Sammer, K., and R. Wüstenhagen. 2006. The Influence of Eco-Labelling on Consumer Behaviour: Results of a Discrete Choice Analysis for Washing Machines. Business Strategy and the Environment 15, no. 3: 185–199. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.522.
[81] Seymour, V. 2016. The Human–Nature Relationship and Its Impact on Health: A Critical Review. Frontiers in Public Health 4: 260. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00260.
[82] Shi, D., B. Yi, B. Zhang, and D. Yu.2023. Travelling to an Unusual Destination: Chinese Tourists’ Preferences for Visiting North Korea. Current Issues in Tourism 26, no. 13: 2128–2144. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2022.2077179.
[83] Smith, F., and W. Turner. 2023. What Are the Psychological and Cognitive Wellbeing Benefits as Reported by People Experiencing Green Space? A Meta-Ethnography. Wellbeing, Space and Society 5. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wss.2023.100158.
[84] Su, L., J. Cheng, J. Wen, M. Kozak, and S. Teo. 2022. Does Seeing Deviant Other-Tourist Behavior Matter? The Moderating Role of Travel Companions." Tourism Management 88: 104434. DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104434.
[85] Suh, Y. K., and L. McAvoy.2005. Preferences and Trip Expenditures - A Conjoint Analysis of Visitors to Seoul, Korea. Tourism Management 26, no. 3: 325–333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.015.
[86] Sumalrot, A. B., H. Raza, and J. Seufert. 2023. Psychological Capital Interventions during COVID-19: Mitigating Job Insecurity in Tourism. Tourism Review 78, no. 3: 527–542. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-03-2022-0126.
[87] Szymańska, D. 2023. The Spatial Structure of Domestic Tourist Trips of Polish Residents in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Bulletin of Geography Socio-Economic Series 62: 43–57. https://doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2023-0033.
[88] Tang, J., H. Wu, V. Ramos, and S. Sriboonchitta. 2021. The Role of Weather Conditions on Tourists’ Decision-Making Process: A Theoretical Framework and an Application to China’s Inbound Visitors. Current Issues in Tourism 24, no. 24: 3450–3465. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1883555.
[89] Tyszka, T., 2004. ed. Psychologia Ekonomiczna. Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne. (in Polish)
[90] UNWTO. 2022. World Tourism Barometer (English Version). https://doi.org/10.18111/wtobarometereng.
[91] van Rensburg, T. M., N. Brennan, and A. Howard. 2023. Tourist Preferences for Fuel Cell Vehicle Rental: Going Green with Hydrogen on the Island of Tenerife. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2023.03.435.
[92] Velea, L., A. Gallo, R. Bojariu, A. Irimescu, V. Crǎciunescu, and S. Puiu.2022. Holiday Climate Index: Urban - Application for Urban and Rural Areas in Romania. Atmosphere 13, no. 9: 1519. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091519.
[93] Walesiak, M. 2001. Gromadzenie Danych w Procedurze Conjoint Analysis. Przegląd Statystyczny 48, no. 1-2: 45–58. DOI: http://depot.ceon.pl/handle/123456789/1064.
[94] Walesiak, M. 2002. Problemy Wyboru w Procedurze Conjoint Analysis. In A. Zeliaś, ed., Przestrzenno-Czasowe Modelowanie i Prognozowanie Zjawisk Gospodarczych, 227–243. Kraków: Wydawnictwo AE w Krakowie. (in Polish)
[95] Wojciszke, B. 2020. Psychologia Społeczna. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar. (in Polish)
[96] Zhang, J., X. Wei, H. Fukuda, L. Zhang, and X. Ji. 2021. A Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis of Social Media Picture Posting and Souvenir Purchasing Preference: A Case Study of Social Analytics on Tourism. Information Processing and Management 58, no. 6: 102716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102716.
[97] Zhou, G., Y. Liu, J. Hu, and X. Cao. 2023. The Effect of Tourist-to-Tourist Interaction on Tourists' Behavior: The Mediating Effects of Positive Emotions and Memorable Tourism Experiences. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 55: 161–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.03.005.
[98] GUS. Wyniki Badań Bieżących. https://demografia.stat.gov.pl/bazademografia/Tables.aspx
Published
2024-08-30
How to Cite
MŁYNKOWIAK-STAWARZ, Anna; BĘBEN, Robert.
Tourists' Preferences in the Context of Their Psychological Well-Being: Conjoint Analysis.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 15, n. 3, p. 521 - 536, aug. 2024.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/8558>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v15.3(75).08.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.