How Green Are Hotels in Ghana? Evidence from Star-Rated Hotels in Kumasi Metropolitan Area
Abstract
The study was conducted to assess green business practices among star-rated hotels in the Kumasi Metropolitan Area. This employed a survey and used a questionnaire to collect data from 60 managers from 84 licensed star-rating hotels. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential tests. The study results showed that star-rated hotels have implemented environmentally friendly practices, taking steps to reduce their water usage, adopting sustainable business practices for the long-term benefit of the environment, regular maintenance of sanitary facilities and pipes to prevent losses, and switching off the lights in unoccupied rooms. The study revealed that energy conservation, water conservation, eco-friendly cleaning, and water and energy monitoring were key green business policies adopted by star-rated hotels in the Kumasi Metropolitan Area. The study also showed that cost savings, customer demand, industry regulations and standards, environmental awareness, competitive advantage, and availability of resources were major factors that influenced the adoption of green practices by star-rated hotels in the Kumasi Metropolitan Area. The study suggests that the government should be involved in all issues on the enforcement of green practices, as well as that employees' knowledge be raised consistently and their training be enhanced about the use of green business practices.
References
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[3] Abrudu, I.N., Pop, C. M., and Lazar, P.S. 2020. Using a general ordered logit model to explain the influence of hotel facilities, general and sustainability-related, on customer ratings. Sustainability, 12, 9301. DOI:10.3390/su12219302
[4] Alonso-Almeida, M. del M., Fernández Robin, C., Celemín Pedroche, M.S., and Astorga, P.S. 2017. Revisiting green practices in the hotel industry: A comparison between mature and emerging destinations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140: 1415–1428. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.010
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[7] Bentahar, O., Benzidia, S., and Bourlakis, M. 2023. A green supply chain taxonomy in healthcare: critical factors for a proactive approach. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 34(1): 60-83. DOI:10.1108/IJLM-04-2021-0240
[8] Boateng, A., K. 2019. Green hotel development: Towards the building of resilient cities in Ghana. Smart Cities and Regional Development Journal (v3. i1. 2019).
[9] Čekanavičius, L., Bazytė, R., and Dičmonaitė, A. 2014. Green business: challenges and practices. Ekonomika, 93(1:74-88. DOI: 10.15388/Ekon.2014.0.3021
[10] Chan, J.K.L., Stephen, S.G.A., and Andi Kele, A.T. 2021. Exploring sustainable human resource practices and framework in star-rated hotels. Sustainability, 13(16), 9024. DOI: 10.3390/su13169024
[11] Chandran, C., and Bhattacharya, P. 2021. Hotel's best practices as strategic drivers for environmental sustainability and green marketing. In Consumer Behaviour in Hospitality and Tourism (pp. 66-81). Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781003181071-5
[12] Choi, H.M., Kim, W.G., Kim, Y.J., and Agmapisarn, C. 2019. Hotel environmental management initiative (HEMI) scale development. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77: 562-572. DOI:10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.08.020
[13] Deraman, F., Ismail, N., Mod Arifin, A.I., and Mostafa, M.I.A. 2017. Green practices in the hotel industry: Factors influencing the implementation. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Culinary Arts (JTHCA), 9(2): 1-12.
[14] Deri, M., N, Neethiahnanthan, A., Perpetual, Z., Augustine, N., and David, A. 2022. Green practices among hotels in the Sunyani Municipality of Ghana. Journal of Business and Environmental Management (JBEM): 1(1): 1 – 22. DOI: 10.59075/jbem.v1i1.147
[15] Dimara, E., Manganari, E., and Skuras, D. 2017. Don't change my towels please: Factors influencing participation in towel reuse programs. Tourism Management, 59: 425-437. DOI:10.1016/j.tourman.2016.09.003
[16] dos Santos, R.A., Méxas, M.P., Meirino, M.J., Sampaio, M.C., and Costa, H.G. 2020. Criteria for assessing a sustainable hotel business. Journal of Cleaner Production, 262. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121347
[17] Fadhil, A. 2015. Adoption of green practices in the hospitality and tourism industry in Lamu County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
[18] Fauziah, D., Noralisa, I., Ahmad, I., and Mohamad, I. 2017. Green practices in the hotel industry: factors influencing the implementation. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Culinary Arts, 9(2): 305-316.
[19] Fernández-Robin, C., Celemín-Pedroche, M.S., Santander-Astorga, P., and Alonso-Almeida, M. del M. 2019. Green practices in hospitality: A Contingency approach. Sustainability, 11(13): 1–24. DOI:10.3390/su11133737
[20] Gülaçtı, Ş.E.N. 2022. Can A Green Business Strategy Be an Alternative to the Success of the Airport Environmental Management System? Journal of Aviation, 6(2): 241-250. DOI: 10.30518/jav.1128353
[21] Gurmu, A., and Mudiyanselage, P.W. 2023. Plumbing defects in residential buildings: analysis of anomalies and their causes. Facilities. DOI: 10.1108/F-10-2022-0130
[22] Han, H., Lee, J.S., Trang, H.L.T., Kim, W. 2018. Water conservation and waste reduction management for increasing guest loyalty and green hotel practices. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 75: 58-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.03.012
[23] Ioannidis, A., Chalvatzis, K.J., Leonidou, L.C., and Feng, Z. 2021. Applying the reduce, reuse, and recycle principle in the hospitality sector: Its antecedents and performance implications. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(7): 3394-3410. DOI: 10.1002/bse.2809
[24] Jamaludin, M., and Yusof, Z.B. 2013. Best practice of Green Island resorts. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 105: 20-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.11.003
[25] Jiang, Y., and Gao, Y. 2019. Factors that influence potential green hotel customers’ decision-making process–evidence from China. Journal of China Tourism Research, 15(4): 455-477. DOI:10.1080/19388160.2018.1558139
[26] Kassim, M.A. 2023. Environmental Sustainability Practices in Hotels: From Attitudes to Implementation Case of Resort Hotels in Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
[27] Kenney, P.L. 2018. Green business practices among star-graded hotels in Ghana: The case study of La-dadekotopon municipality. A thesis submitted to the Graduate School, University of Ghana in partial fulfillment of a requirement towards the award of a Master of Arts degree in Development Studies.
[28] Ketut, A., Ketut, B., Cokorda, I.S.W., and Gede, M. 2020. Green Supply Chain for Better Future Hotel Business. Advances in Social Science, Education, and Humanities Research, volume 544.
[29] Khatter, A., McGrath, M., Pyke, J., White, L., and Lockstone-Binney, L. 2019. Analysis of hotels’ environmentally sustainable policies and practices: Sustainability and corporate social responsibility in hospitality and tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(6): 2394-2410. DOI: 10.1108/IJCHM-08-2018-0670
[30] Kim, M.S., Kim, J., and Thapa, B. 2018. Influence of environmental Knowledge on effect, nature affiliation and pro-environmental behaviors among tourists. Sustainability, 10: 1-16. DOI: 10.3390/su10093109
[31] Kim, S.H., Lee, K., and Fairhurst, A. 2017. The review of “green” research in hospitality, 2000-2014: Current trends and future research directions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(1): 226-247. DOI: 10.1108/IJCHM-11-2014-0562
[32] Kostić, M., Ratković, M., and Forlani, F. 2019. Eco-hotels as an example of environmental responsibility and innovation in savings in the hotel industry. Journal of Comparative International Management, 7(2): 47-56. DOI:10.5937/menhottur1902047K
[33] Kuar, L.S., Ng, L.P., Choong, Y.O., Chen, I.C., Teoh, S.Y., and Tee, C.W. 2022. Hotels’ green practices adoption: Determinants and top managers’ environmental commitment. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR), 10(2): 157-187. DOI: 10.30519/ahtr.937991
[34] Kuuder, C.J.W., Bagson, E., Prempeh, V.M., Mumuni, A., Adongo, R., and Amoako, E.E. 2013. Energy, water, and waste management in the accommodation sector of Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(5): 450-461.
[35] Lamm, D.K. 2021. An Exploration of Environmental Practices in the Hospitality Industry. Evidence from Hotels in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism (JEMT), 12(02 (50)): 357-370. DOI: 10.14505//jemt.v12.2(50).05
[36] Langgat, J., Ramdani, B., Pavic, S., and Tok, E. 2023. Environmentally Sustainable Practices and Hotel Performance: Evidence from Malaysia. Sustainability, 15(6): 5289. DOI: 10.3390/su15065289
[37] Langgat, J.A. 2019. Sustainability adoption in hotel restaurants: Evidence from Malaysia. Business. Corpus ID: 191946020.
[38] Lee, W.H., and Cheng, C.C. 2018. Less is more: A new insight for measuring service quality of green hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 68: 32-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.09.005
[39] Leyva, E.S., and Parra, D.P. 2021. Environmental approach in the hotel industry: Riding the wave of change. Sustainable Futures, 3, 100050. DOI: 10.1016/j.sftr.2021.100050
[40] Li, J., Mao, P., Liu, H., Wei, J., Li, H., and Yuan, J. 2020. Key factors influencing low-carbon behaviors of staff in star-rated hotels - an empirical study of eastern China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21): 8222. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218222
[41] Mbasera, M., Du Plessis, E., Saayman, M., and Kruger, M. 2016. Environmentally friendly practices in hotels. Acta Commercii, 16(1): 1-8. DOI: 10.4102/ac.v16i1.362
[42] Mendoza, E., Ferrero, G., Slokar, Y.M., Amores, X., Azzellino, A., and Buttiglieri, G. 2023. Water management practices in Euro-Mediterranean hotels and resorts. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 39(3): 485-506. DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2021.2015683
[43] Mensah, I. 2014. Different shades of green: Environmental management in hotels in Accra. An application of the waste management hierarchy model. Journal of Global Business Insights, 5(1): 33-46. DOI:10.1002/jtr.1939
[44] Mensah, I. 2020. Waste management practices of small hotels in Accra: An application of the waste management hierarchy model. Journal of Global Business Insights, 5(1): 33-46. DOI:10.5038/26406489.5.1.1081
[45] Merli, R., Preziosi, M., Acampora, A., and Ali, F. 2019. Why should hotels go green? Insights from guests' experience in green hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 81: 169-179. DOI:10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.04.022
[46] Moise, M.S., Gil-Saura, I., and Ruiz Molina, M.E.R. 2021. The importance of green practices for hotel guests: Does gender matter? Economic Research, 1-22. DOI: 10.1080/1331677X.2021.1875863
[47] Musavengane, R. 2019. Small hotels and responsible tourism practice: Hoteliers’ perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 220: 786-799. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.143
[48] Petrevska, B., and Cingoski, V. 2015. Environmental protection and energy efficiency concept in five-star hotels in Macedonia.
[49] Salama, W., and Abdelsalam, E. 2021. Impact of hotel guests’ trends to recycle food waste to obtain bioenergy. Sustainability, 13(6): 3094. DOI: 10.3390/su13063094
[50] Shedd, B. 2020. Why hotels need to focus on sustainable technology. Available at: https://www.hotelmanagement.net/tech/why-hotels-need-to-focus-sustainable-technology
[51] Song, J., Jai, T. M., and Li, X. 2020. Examining green reviews on TripAdvisor: Comparison between resort/luxury hotels and business/economy hotels. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration, 21(2): 165-187. DOI: 10.1080/15256480.2018.1464418
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Published
2024-08-30
How to Cite
SARKODIE, Noble Amoako et al.
How Green Are Hotels in Ghana? Evidence from Star-Rated Hotels in Kumasi Metropolitan Area.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 15, n. 3, p. 488 - 500, aug. 2024.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/8556>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v15.3(75).06.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.