A Systematic Literature Review on Slow Tourism and Its Implications to the Uttarakhand State of India
Abstract
This paper explores how slow tourism might promote sustainability in India. Slow tourism is a sustainable travel strategy that prioritizes high-quality travel experiences above quantity and aims to protect the environment, promote local culture, and increase travelers' happiness. This study examines the main ideas, themes, and behaviors related to slow tourism through a thorough literature assessment. It assesses their applicability to India's socio-cultural and ecological contexts. It draws attention to the potential of slow tourism to promote sustainable development through strengthening local economies, protecting the environment, and cultivating an awareness of the natural and cultural history of the region. The report also evaluates the potential and challenges for slow tourism in India and makes recommendations for future study and policy formation. This study highlights slow tourism's potential to advance sustainability in India's tourist industry, using Uttarakhand as a relevant case study.
References
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[28] Meng, B, and Choi, K. 2016. The Role of Authenticity in Forming Slow Tourists’ Intentions: Developing an Extended Model of Goal-Directed Behavior. Tourism Management, 57 (December): 397–410. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2016.07.003
[29] Moscarelli, R. 2021. Slow Tourism, Public Funding and Economic Development. A Critical Review on the Case of the Way of St. James in Galicia. Revista Galega de Economia, 30 (3): 1–16. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15304/rge.30.3.7522
[30] Pellegrini, M., et al. 2023. Environmentally Sustainable: How Are the Practices in the Organic Food Tourist Route? Heliyon, 9 (7). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17546
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[38] Suhud, U., et al. 2022. Community Self-Reliance of Rural Tourism in Indonesia: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Qualitative Report, 27 (7). DOI: https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2022.5215
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[40] Tasci, A. D.A., Croes, R. and Villanueva, J.B. 2014. Rise and Fall of Community-Based Tourism - Facilitators, Inhibitors and Outcomes. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 6 (3): 261–76. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-03-2014-0012
[41] Timms, B. F., and Conway, D. 2012. “Slow Tourism at the Caribbean’s Geographical Margins. Tourism Geographies, 14 (3): 396–418. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2011.610112
[42] Titus, N. 2015. A Model for the Development of Slow Tourism in South Africa Using The Economic Resources of the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, Dissertation Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Technology. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/148365911.pdf
[43] Vada, S., Prentice, C. and Hsiao, A. 2019. The Influence of Tourism Experience and Well-Being on Place Attachment. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 47 (November 2018): 322–30. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.12.007
[44] Vinerean, A. 2013. The Influence of Hedonic and Utilitarian Motivators on Likelihood to Buy a Tourism Package. Expert Journal of Marketing, 1 (1): 28–37.
[45] Werner, K., Griese, K. M. and Bosse, C. 2020. The Role of Slow Events for Sustainable Destination Development: A Conceptual and Empirical Review. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 0 (0): 1–19. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1800021
[46] Wondirad, A., Kebete, Y. and Li, Y. 2021. Culinary Tourism as a Driver of Regional Economic Development and Socio-Cultural Revitalization: Evidence from Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100482
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[2] Ballarini, E., et al. 2021. Assessing the Applicability of a Bottom-up or Top-down Approach for Effective Management of a Coastal Lagoon Area. Ocean and Coastal Management 200 (February). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OCECOAMAN.2020.105417
[3] Bruyn, C. de, Said, F. B., Meyer, N. and Soliman, M. 2023. Research in Tourism Sustainability: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis from 1990 to 2022. Heliyon, 9(8): 1–22. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18874
[4] Caffyn, A. 2012. Advocating and Implementing Slow Tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 37 (1): 77–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2012.11081690
[5] Chakraborty, P., and Ghosal, S. 2024. An Eco-Social Exploration of Tourism Area Evolution in Mountains through Stakeholders’ Perspective. Environmental Development, 49. DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.100963
[6] Chen, H., and Zeng, Z. 2021. When Do Hedonic and Eudaimonic Orientations Lead to Happiness? Moderating Effects of Orientation Priority. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (18). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189798
[7] Dickinson, J. E., Robbins, D. and Lumsdon, L. 2010. Holiday Travel Discourses and Climate Change. Journal of Transport Geography, 18 (3): 482–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JTRANGEO.2010.01.006
[8] Đuranović, D., Tomić, S., Leković, K. and Marić, D. 2019. Slow Tourism in Vojvodina – Motives and Goals of Consumers, 1 (18): 49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7251/ZREFIS1918049D
[9] Ernszt, I., and Marton, Z. 2021. An Emerging Trend of Slow Tourism: Perceptions of Hungarian Citizens. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 19 (2): 295–307. DOI:https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.19.2.8
[10] Fullagar, S., and Wilson, E. 2012. Reflecting upon Slow Travel and Tourism Experiences. Slow Tourism: Experiences and Mobilities, August: 227–33.
[11] Fusté-Forné, F. 2023. A Slow Tourist in the Basque Coast Geopark (Spain). International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 11 (2): 247–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2023.03.003
[12] Giampiccoli, A., and Saayman, M. 2018. Community-Based Tourism Development Model and Community Participation. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 7 (4): 1–27.
[13] Gozzoli, R. B., Pattarachit C. G., and Walanchalee Wattanacharoensil. 2024. Resilience Model for a Destination Support: Pattaya, Thailand. Heliyon 10 (4). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26599
[14] Guo, Y., Yu, J., Zhu, Y. and Zhang, H. 2024. Research on Tourism Ecological Safety Evaluation of Huizhou Cultural and Ecological Reserve Based on Entropy-TOPSIS. Heliyon, 10 (2). DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24325
[15] Haldar, Piali. 2018. Rural Tourism – Challenges and opportunities. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327645353_Rural_Tourism_-_Challenges_and_Opportunities
[16] Hall, C. M., Scott, D. and Gössling, S. 2020. Pandemics, Transformations and Tourism: Be Careful What You Wish For. Tourism Geographies 22 (3): 577–98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1759131
[17] Harris, J. D., et al. 2014. How to Write a Systematic Review. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 42 (11): 2761–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546513497567
[18] Janjua, Z. A., Krishnapillai, G. and Rahman, M. 2021. A Systematic Literature Review of Rural Homestays and Sustainability in Tourism. SAGE Open 11 (2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211007117
[19] Joveriya, and Mariya. 2019. Problems and Prospects of Tourism Industry in Uttarakhand. International Journal of Geography, Geology and Environment, 1(1): 10–16. DOI:https://doi.org/10.22271/27067483.2019.v1.i1a.2
[20] Kasemsarn, K, and Nickpour, F. 2017. Barriers and Drivers in Cultural Tourism for Five Groups in Thailand, Journal of Tourism and Leisure Studies, 2 (3). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2470-9336/CGP/v02i03/1-20
[21] Kim, J. H., King, B. E.M. and Kim, S. 2021. Developing a Slow City Tourism Evaluation Index: A Delphi-AHP Review of Cittaslow Requirements. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 0 (0): 1–23. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1897130
[22] Kim, M. J., Lee, C.K. and Jung, T. 2020. Exploring Consumer Behavior in Virtual Reality Tourism Using an Extended Stimulus-Organism-Response Model. Journal of Travel Research 59 (1): 69–89. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287518818915
[23] Klarin, A., Park, E., Xiao, Q. and Kim, S. 2023. Time to Transform the Way We Travel?: A Conceptual Framework for Slow Tourism and Travel Research. Tourism Management Perspectives, 46 (February). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2023.101100
[24] Linda, L, and Lee, M. 2016. CittaSlow, Slow Cities, Slow Food: Searching for a Model for the Development of Slow Tourism. Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally, 40. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/ttra/2011/Visual/40
[25] Masberg, B. 1999. A Case Analysis of Strategies in Ecotourism Development. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management, 2 (3): 289–300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1463-4988(99)00045-7
[26] Masood, I., and Nguyen, N.T.B. 2018. A Community Response to Tourism, Focusing on the Home-Stay Program in Khurpatal Village in Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. Journal of Urban and Regional Studies on Contemporary India, 4 (2): 55–62.
[27] Mavric, B., Mert Öğretmenoğlu, M. and Akova, O. 2021. Bibliometric Analysis of Slow Tourism. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research, 9100: 157–78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.794656
[28] Meng, B, and Choi, K. 2016. The Role of Authenticity in Forming Slow Tourists’ Intentions: Developing an Extended Model of Goal-Directed Behavior. Tourism Management, 57 (December): 397–410. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2016.07.003
[29] Moscarelli, R. 2021. Slow Tourism, Public Funding and Economic Development. A Critical Review on the Case of the Way of St. James in Galicia. Revista Galega de Economia, 30 (3): 1–16. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15304/rge.30.3.7522
[30] Pellegrini, M., et al. 2023. Environmentally Sustainable: How Are the Practices in the Organic Food Tourist Route? Heliyon, 9 (7). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17546
[31] Pentecost, A. 2010. Chapter 7 Continental Carbonates - Preservation of Natural and Historic Heritage Sites. Developments in Sedimentology 62 (C): 297–311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0070-4571(09)06207-4
[32] Rosalina, P. D., Dupre, K. and Wang, Y. 2021. Rural Tourism: A Systematic Literature Review on Definitions and Challenges. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 47 (November 2020): 134–49. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.03.001
[33] Said, J., and Maryono, M. 2018. Motivation and Perception of Tourists as Push and Pull Factors to Visit National Park. E3S Web of Conferences, 31: 1–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183108022
[34] de Salvo, P., Calzati, V. and Soglia, S. 2019. Value for Time: Slowness, a Positive Way of Performing Tourism, Best Practices in Hospitality and Tourism Marketing and Management, 315–36. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91692-7_16
[35] Serdane, Z. 2017. “SLOW TOURISM IN SLOW COUNTRIES : THE CASE OF LATVIA Zanda Serdane.”
[36] Shahbaz, M., et al. 2021. A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Literature Review of Tourism-Environmental Degradation Nexus. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, no. Wttc 2017. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14798-2
[37] Stylidis, D., Woosnam, K. M. and Tasci, A. D.A. 2022. The Effect of Resident-Tourist Interaction Quality on Destination Image and Loyalty. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30 (6): 1219–39. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1918133
[38] Suhud, U., et al. 2022. Community Self-Reliance of Rural Tourism in Indonesia: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Qualitative Report, 27 (7). DOI: https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2022.5215
[39] Sumardi, R., Anuar Mahomed, and Mukhamad Najib. 2021. Sustainable Tourism Recommendations: Systematic Literature Review, no. January. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.14-9-2020.2304433
[40] Tasci, A. D.A., Croes, R. and Villanueva, J.B. 2014. Rise and Fall of Community-Based Tourism - Facilitators, Inhibitors and Outcomes. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 6 (3): 261–76. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-03-2014-0012
[41] Timms, B. F., and Conway, D. 2012. “Slow Tourism at the Caribbean’s Geographical Margins. Tourism Geographies, 14 (3): 396–418. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2011.610112
[42] Titus, N. 2015. A Model for the Development of Slow Tourism in South Africa Using The Economic Resources of the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, Dissertation Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Technology. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/148365911.pdf
[43] Vada, S., Prentice, C. and Hsiao, A. 2019. The Influence of Tourism Experience and Well-Being on Place Attachment. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 47 (November 2018): 322–30. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.12.007
[44] Vinerean, A. 2013. The Influence of Hedonic and Utilitarian Motivators on Likelihood to Buy a Tourism Package. Expert Journal of Marketing, 1 (1): 28–37.
[45] Werner, K., Griese, K. M. and Bosse, C. 2020. The Role of Slow Events for Sustainable Destination Development: A Conceptual and Empirical Review. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 0 (0): 1–19. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1800021
[46] Wondirad, A., Kebete, Y. and Li, Y. 2021. Culinary Tourism as a Driver of Regional Economic Development and Socio-Cultural Revitalization: Evidence from Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100482
[47] Yurtseven, H R., and Kaya, O. 2011. Slow Tourists: Comparative Research Based on Cittaslow Principles. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 1 (2): 91–98.
Published
2024-05-31
How to Cite
BHANDARI, Jitender; RANA, Vinay; SINGH, Shalini.
A Systematic Literature Review on Slow Tourism and Its Implications to the Uttarakhand State of India.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 15, n. 2, p. 385 - 399, may 2024.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/8420>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v15.2(74).12.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.