Cultural Aspects of Waste Management in Poland and China
Abstract
The main aim of this article was to present differences in the social determinants of waste management and environmental protection in Poland and People's Republic of China. A research gap was identified related to the small number of studies comparing China and Poland in the field of waste management. A systematic review of the literature on waste management and society's approach to environmental protection was conducted, with particular emphasis on municipal waste. The article uses data from local databases, i.e. the Central Statistical Office (GUS) in Poland and The Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, as well as data from the World Bank and OECD. The method of comparative analysis and Hofstede's tool were used for selected aspects of the social approach to waste management in Poland and the People's Republic of China. Empirical research was conducted in August 2023. Literature review based on key groups of social factors that differ in the analysed countries. These include those related to purity, religious beliefs, respect for nature, responsibility and ecology. Chinese citizens approach the power supply in their environment in a more collective way than in Poland. The European Union's recommendations has positively affected management of municipal waste in Poland, while in People's Republic of China legislation is constantly updated. In the authors' opinion, in subsequent studies it is worth focusing on comparing other countries in terms of their social approach to environmental protection, as well as conducting surveys.
References
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[4] Baskiewicz, N., and Barbu, C. 2021. The Role of Internal Conditions in the Implementation of the Lean Green Concept: American, Japanese and Polish Experiences. Management and Production Engineering Review, 12(4), 71-86. DOI: http://doi.org/10.24425/mper.2021.139996.
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[6] Bouvier B. 2003. Chinois et Français: quand les habitudes culturelles d'apprentissage s' opposent, ELA. Études de linguistique appliquée, 4, pp. 399-414. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/ela.132.0399
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[10] Ezeah, C., Fazakerley, J. A., and Roberts, C. L. 2013. Emerging trends in informal sector recycling in developing and transition countries. Waste Management, 33(11), 2509-2519. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2013.06.020.
[11] Guo, W., Xi, B., Huang, C., Li, J., Tang, Z., Li, W., Ma, C., and Wu, W. 2021. Solid waste management in China: Policy and driving factors in 2004–2019. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 173, 105727. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105727.
[12] GUS 2018. Główny Urząd Statystyczny / Obszary tematyczne / Inne opracowania / Wyznania Religijne / Życie religijne w Polsce. Wyniki badania spójności społecznej 2018.
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[15] Hall, E. T. 1976. Beyond Culture. New York.
[16] Hall, E. T., Hall, M. R. 1975. The Fourth Dimension In Architecture: The Impact of Building on Behavior. New York.
[17] Henry, R.K., et al. 2006. Municipal Solid Waste Management Challenges in Developing Countries-Kenyan Case Study. Waste Management, 26, 92-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.03.007.
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[19] Hsu C. H. C., Huang S. S. 2016. Reconfiguring Chinese Cultural Values and Their Tourism Implications, Tourism Management, 54, pp. 230-242. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.11.011
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[24] Kountouris, Y. 2022. The influence of local waste management culture on individual recycling behavior. Environmental Research Letters, 17(7), 074017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac7604.
[25] Kuciński K. 2009. Geografia ekonomiczna, Wolters Kluwer Polska, Krakow, 268-269.
[26] Kurniawan, T. A., Liang, X., O’Callaghan, E., Goh, H., Othman, M. H. D., Avtar, R., and Kusworo, T. D. 2022. Transformation of Solid Waste Management in China: Moving towards Sustainability through Digitalization-Based Circular Economy. Sustainability, 14(4), 2374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042374.
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[28] Lee, R. P., Meyer, B., Huang, Q., and Voss, R. 2020. Sustainable waste management for zero waste cities in China: potential, challenges and opportunities. Clean Energy, 4(3), 169-201. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkaa013.
[29] Leichenko, R. M., and O'Brien, K. 2008. Environmental Change and Globalization: Double Exposures. Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195177329.001.0001.
[30] Li J. 2001. Expectations of Chinese Immigrant Parents for Their Children's Education: The Interplay of Chinese Tradition and the Canadian Context, Canadian Journal of Education / Revue canadienne de l'éducation, pp. 477-494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1602178
[31] Luna-Juarez, P., and Salgado, M. G. 1996. Solid waste management technologies in Latin America: A comparison between Brazil and Mexico. W Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and Management (U26-U29). J Solid Waste Technol and Management.
[32] Malmir, T., and Tojo, Y. 2016. Municipal solid waste management in Tehran: Changes during the last 5 years. Waste Management and Research, 34(5), 449-456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X16632056.
[33] Marshall, R. E., and Farahbakhsh, K. 2013. Systems approaches to integrated solid waste management in developing countries. Waste Management, 33(4), 988-1003. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.12.023
[34] McAllister, J. 2015. "Factors Influencing Solid-Waste Management in the Developing World". All Graduate Plan B and other Reports. 528. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26076/2c24-5944
[35] Milea, A. 2009. Waste as a social dilemma: Issues of social and environmental justice and the role of residents in municipal solid waste management, Delhi, India.
[36] Mosler, H.-J. 2009. Developing strategies for waste reduction by means of tailored interventions in Santiago de Cuba. Environment and Behavior, 41(6), 836-865. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916509338004.
[37] Mrayyan, B., and Hamdi, M. R. 2006. Management approaches to integrated solid waste in industrialized zones in Jordan: A case of Zarqa City. Waste Management, 26(2), 195-205. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.06.008.
[38] Nowicka E., Zhanaev A. 2022. “The Chinese Are Doing Well”. Dynamics of the Image of the Chinese in Poland (1988–2018), Culture and society, 66.3, pp. 21-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35757/KiS.2022.66.3.2
[39] O'Connell, E. 2011. Overcoming the fear of waste. Waste Management, 31(11), 2201-2202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.08.001.
[40] Papamichael, I., Chatziparaskeva, G., Navarro Pedreño, J., Voukkali, I., Almendro Candel, M. B., and Zorpas, A. A. 2022. Building a new mind set in tomorrow fashion development through circular strategy models in the framework of waste management. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 36, 100638. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2022.100638
[41] Roberts, O. I., and Okereke, C. I. 2017. Cultural Beliefs on Waste and the need for Integration into Present Domestic Waste Management: Evidence from Selected Communities in Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Research, 3(6), 1. ISSN: 2545-5303.
[42] Salas, R. G. del Rio, M. M. V., Concepcion, I. P. and Chapeta, C. J. L. 2021. Environmental education to generate an ecological culture in the management of hospital waste., Revista Conrado, 17, 45-51.
[43] Sobczyk, W, Kowalska, A. 2020. Social Problems of Waste Management., Inzynieria Mineralna-Journal of the Polish Mineral Engineering Society, 1, 61-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29227/IM-2020-01-10.
[44] Yousif, D.F. and Scott, S. 2007. Governing Solid Waste Management in Mazatenango, Guatemala: Problems and Prospects. International Development Planning Review, 29, 433-450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3828/idpr.29.4.2.
[45] Zhou J. 2003. Remaking China's Public Philosophy for the Twenty-First Century, Westport.
[46] Zhu M., Xiumin, F., Rovetta, A., and Qichang, H. 2008. Municipal solid waste management in Pudong New Area, China. Waste Management, 29(3), 1227-1233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.07.016.
[47] Dyrektywa Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2008/98/WE z dnia 19 listopada 2008 r. w sprawie odpadów i uchylająca niektóre dyrektywy.
[48] EPA. 2020. Guide to the Facts and Figures Report about Materials, Waste, and Recycling. Retrieved from
[49] Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste. 2004. Chapter VI, art. 88. (3). http://www.npc.gov.cn/zgrdw/englishnpc/Law/2007-12/12/content_1383723.htm
[50] NBS 2023: 国家统计局 (stats.gov.cn).
[51] NYT. 2023. Covid World Vaccination Tracker - The New York Times (nytimes.com).
[52] Paw. 2012. assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf.
[53] PRC GOV. 2023. 中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法_中华人民共和国生态环境部 (mee.gov.cn).
[54] UP. 2021. World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations.
[55] Ustawa o odpadach z dnia 14 grudnia 2012 r. (Dz.U. z 2013 r. poz. 21).
[56] Ustawa o zmianie ustawy o odpadach oraz niektórych innych ustaw z dnia 17 listopada 2021 r. (Dz.U. 2021 poz. 2151).
[57] World Bank. 2005. Waste Management in China: Issues and Recommendations. Urban Development Working Papers, East Asia Infrastructure Department. Working Paper No. 9.
[58] EEC. 2022. 中华人民共和国生态环境部, Ecological Environment in the People's Republic of China, Ministry of Ecological Environment.
[59] https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/guide-facts-and-figures-report-about
[60] https://atmos.earth/south-korea-recycling-technology/.
[61] https://data.oecd.org/waste/municipal-waste.htm.
[62] https://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/.
[63] https://depot.ceon.pl/bitstream/handle/123456789/2180/ekologia.pdf?sequence=1.
[64] https://enviliance.com/regions/east-asia/cn/cn-waste.
[65] https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PL/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52021DC0400andfrom=FR.
[66] https://www.efta.int/Statistics/news/Waste-production-and-waste-treatment-EEA-516886.
[67] https://www.env.go.jp/en/headline/2595.html.
[68] https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/dig-data.
[69] https://www.jstor.org/stable/4311985.
[70] https://www.statista.com/statistics/279117/amount-of-disposed-garbage-in-china/.
[71] https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/env_wasmun/default/table?lang=en.
Published
2023-12-08
How to Cite
TACZKOWSKA, Kalina Maria; BORKOWSKI, Maciej.
Cultural Aspects of Waste Management in Poland and China.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 14, n. 7, p. 2954 - 2967, dec. 2023.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/8246>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v14.7(71).12.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.