Evaluating Quality of Hospitals Websites for Medical Tourism in Indonesia
Abstract
The trend of medical tourism in Indonesia is still relatively low compared to other Southeast Asian countries, considering that the hospitals’ service promotion through websites is ineffective. Website quality testing is needed to evaluate each hospital so that they have more advanced marketing in a more competitive digital world. This study aimed to see the difference between the scores of four dimensions: accessibility, experience, marketing, and technology, on hospital websites based on province, class, accreditation, and hospital ownership. This study used a quantitative approach in testing score differences in website quality with the Nibbler tools application. The secondary data are taken from the hospital website under the Ministry of Health in the Capital City of Jakarta and Banten, Indonesia. Data bivariate analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The result shows that accessibility significantly differed in accreditation; in the marketing dimension, significant differences were found between province, class, accreditation, and hospital ownership. Significant differences in experience dimension were also discovered between class, accreditation, and hospital ownership. Further, the dimension of technology had a significant difference in terms of hospital ownership.
References
[1] Aiello, Allison E., Audrey Renson, and Paul N. Zivich. 2020. Social Media– and Internet-Based Disease Surveillance for Public Health. Annual Review of Public Health 41 (1): 101–18. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094402
[2] Alhadreti, Obead. 2021. An Accessibility Evaluation of the Websites of Top-Ranked Hospitals in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 12 (1): 692–98. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2021.0120180.
[3] Alhuwail, Dari, Zainab AlMeraj, and Fatima Boujarwah. 2018. Evaluating Hospital Websites in Kuwait to Improve Consumer Engagement and Access to Health Information: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 18 (1): 82. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-018-0660-4.
[4] Anthony Jnr, Bokolo. 2021. Implications of Telehealth and Digital Care Solutions during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Literature Review. Informatics for Health and Social Care 46 (1): 68–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538157.2020.1839467.
[5] Ara, Jinat, and Cecilia Sik-Lanyi. 2022. Investigation of COVID-19 Vaccine Information Websites across Europe and Asia Using Automated Accessibility Protocols. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19 (5): 2867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052867.
[6] Ariansyah, Kasmad, Emyana Ruth Eritha Sirait, Badar Agung Nugroho, and Muhammad Suryanegara. 2021. Drivers of and Barriers to E-Commerce Adoption in Indonesia: Individuals’ Perspectives and the Implications. Telecommunications Policy 45 (8): 102219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2021.102219.
[7] Aufa, Badra Al, Ari Nurfikri, Wiwiet Mardiati, Sancoko Sancoko, Heri Yuliyanto, Mochamad Iqbal Nurmansyah, Imas Arumsari, and Ibrahim Isa Koire. 2023. Feasibility, Acceptance and Factors Related to the Implementation of Telemedicine in Rural Areas: A Scoping Review Protocol. Digital Health 9 (January). https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231171236.
[8] Azad-Khaneghah, Peyman, Noelannah Neubauer, Antonio Miguel Cruz, and Lili Liu. 2021. Mobile Health App Usability and Quality Rating Scales: A Systematic Review. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 16 (7): 712–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2019.1701103
[9] Behmane, Daiga, Didzis Rutitis, and Vita Savicka. 2019. An Evaluation of Health Care Service Provider Websites in Latvia – a Medical Tourism Perspective. Regional Formation and Development Studies 29 (3): 5–20. https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v29i3.1990
[10] BOYDAK, Sümeyra, and Yusuf Yalçın İLERİ. 2021. Türkiye’deki Kamu ve Özel Hastane Web Sitelerinin İşleyiş Kalitesi, Güncellik ve Tasarım Altyapısı Bakımından Analizi. AJIT-e Online Academic Journal of Information Technology 12 (44): 71–92. https://doi.org/10.5824/ajite.2021.01.005.x
[11] Cai, Lulu, Xiangzhen He, Yugang Dai, and Kejian Zhu. 2018. Research on B2B2C E-Commerce Website Design Based on User Experience. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1087 (September): 062043. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1087/6/062043
[12] Cham, Tat-Huei, Yet-Mee Lim, Bee-Chuan Sia, Jun-Hwa Cheah, and Hiram Ting. 2021. Medical Tourism Destination Image and Its Relationship with the Intention to Revisit: A Study of Chinese Medical Tourists in Malaysia. Journal of China Tourism Research 17 (2): 163–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2020.1734514
[13] Cham, Tat Huei, Boon Liat Cheng, Mei Peng Low, and Jason Boon Chuan Cheok. 2021. Brand Image as the Competitive Edge for Hospitals in Medical Tourism. European Business Review 33 (1). https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2019-0269
[14] Derezińska, Anna, and Krzysztof Kwaśnik. 2020. Evaluation and Improvement of Web Application Quality – A Case Study. In , edited by Wojciech Zamojski, Jacek Mazurkiewicz, Jarosław Sugier, Tomasz Walkowiak, and Janusz Kacprzyk, 187–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48256-5_19
[15] Dhameria, Vita, Imam Ghozali, Abas Hidayat, and Vincent Didiek Wiet Aryanto. 2021. Networking Capability, Entrepreneurial Marketing, Competitive Advantage, and Marketing Performance. Uncertain Supply Chain Management 9 (4): 941–48. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2021.7.007
[16] Domínguez Vila, Trinidad, Elisa Alén González, and Simon Darcy. 2019. Accessible Tourism Online Resources: A Northern European Perspective. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 19 (2): 140–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2018.1478325
[17] Huerta, Timothy R, Daniel M Walker, and Eric W Ford. 2016. An Evaluation and Ranking of Children’s Hospital Websites in the United States. Journal of Medical Internet Research 18 (8): e228. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5799
[18] Hung, Wei-Hsi, Chih-Lang Tseng, Fang-Kai Chang, and Yi-Che Wu. 2022. A Mixed-Methods Approach to Identifying and Exploring the Causes of the Electronic Service Gap between Hospital Website Developers and Users. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, January, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2021.2003322
[19] Huriyah, Huriyah, and Abas Hidayat. 2022. SECTIONS Model Analysis for Pre-Service English Teachers’ Media Selection in Pandemic Covid 19. International Journal of Instruction 15 (3): 599–610. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15333a
[20] Jain, Samkit, and Pradnya Purandare. 2021. Study of the Usability Testing of E-Commerce Applications. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1964 (4): 042059. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1964/4/042059
[21] Kawashima, Nobuko. 2006. ‘Advertising Agencies, Media and Consumer Market: The Changing Quality of TV Advertising in Japan.’ Media, Culture and Society 28 (3): 393–410. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443706062900
[22] Kumar, Aalok, Sunil Luthra, Sachin Kumar Mangla, and Yiğit Kazançoğlu. 2020. COVID-19 Impact on Sustainable Production and Operations Management. Sustainable Operations and Computers 1: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2020.06.001
[23] Kusumawati, Ayu Nadya. 2018. Identifikasi Faktor–Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Medical Tourism Pada Rumah Sakit Di Indonesia. Jurnal Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia 5 (1): 25–29. https://doi.org/10.7454/arsi.v5i1.2866
[24] Mahendradhata, Yodi. 2019. Proceed with Caution: Potential Challenges and Risks of Developing Healthcare Tourism in Indonesia. Global Public Health 14 (3): 340–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2018.1504224
[25] Mason, Alicia, Elizabeth Spencer, Kaitlin Barnett, and Jaquelyn Bouchie. 2023. ‘Examining the Prominence and Congruence of Organizational Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Communication in Medical Tourism Provider Websites.’ Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights 6 (1): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-06-2021-0136
[26] Maurer, Laura E., Chandani Bansal, and Priya Bansal. 2022. Methods to Engage Patients in the Modern Clinic. Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 128 (2): 132–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2021.11.013
[27] Nasir, Abdul, Waridin Waridin, Deden Dinar Iskandar, Indah Susilowati, And Abas Hidayat. 2022. ‘Shariah-Based Hospitality, Competitive Advantage and Tourists’ Revisiting Interest on Indonesia Tourism.’ Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 13 (8): 2134. https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.8(64).06
[28] Norsiah Kadir, and Sabri Nayan. 2021. International Demand for Medical Tourism in Malaysia: Evidence from Panel Data. International Journal of Business and Society 22 (3): 1240–55. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.4298.2021
[29] Randy Joy, Magno Ventayen. 2018. Evaluation of State University and College Institutional Websites in the Philippines. Indian Journal of Science and Technology 11 (35): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2018/v11i35/130847
[30] Ratnasari, Ririn Tri, Sri Gunawan, Anwar Allah Pitchay, and Marhanum Che Mohd Salleh. 2022. Sustainable Medical Tourism: Investigating Health-Care Travel in Indonesia and Malaysia. International Journal of Healthcare Management 15 (3): 220–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2020.1870365
[31] Reichenpfader, Daniel, Robin Glauser, Martin Dugas, and Kerstin Denecke. 2020. Assessing and Improving the Usability of the Medical Data Models Portal. In DHealth, 199–206.
[32] Roche, Dominic, and Aled Jones. 2021. A Qualitative Study of Nurse‐patient Communication and Information Provision during Surgical Pre‐admission Clinics. Health Expectations 24 (4): 1357–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13270
[33] Saghaeiannejad-Isfahani, Sakineh, Rohollah Sheikh Abumasoudi, Nazila Esmaeli, Taherh Saberi, and Narges Mahmodi. 2019. Evaluation of the Website of Public Hospitals in Isfahan with the WebMedQual Approach in 2018. Journal of Education and Health Promotion 8. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_48_18
[34] Sethi, Bilal Ahmed, Ahsan Sethi, Sadaf Ali, and Hira Shireen Aamir. 2020. ‘mpact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic on Health Professionals. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 36 (COVID19-S4). https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2779
[35] Sheikh, Aziz, Michael Anderson, Sarah Albala, Barbara Casadei, Bryony Dean Franklin, Mike Richards, David Taylor, Holly Tibble, and Elias Mossialos. 2021. Health Information Technology and Digital Innovation for National Learning Health and Care Systems. The Lancet Digital Health 3 (6): e383–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00005-4
[36] Sik-Lanyi, Cecilia, and Éva Orbán-Mihálykó. 2019. Accessibility Testing of European Health-Related Websites. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 44 (11): 9171–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-04017-z
[37] Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Zuraida Ahmad Sabki, Mohd Johari Jaafa, Benedict Francis, Khairul Arif Razali, Aliaa Juares Rizal, Nor Hazwani Mokhtar, Johan Arif Juhari, Suhaila Zainal, and Chong Guan Ng. 2020. Development of a Remote Psychological First Aid Protocol for Healthcare Workers Following the COVID-19 Pandemic in a University Teaching Hospital, Malaysia. Healthcare 8 (3): 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030228
[38] Supriatin, Supriatin, Pratuma Rithpho, Asiah Asiah, and Rokhmatul Hikhmat. 2022. Blended Learning to Improve the Physical Examination Ability of Nursing Students. International Journal of Educational Qualitative Quantitative Research 1 (2): 23–30. https://doi.org/10.58418/ijeqqr.v1i2.20
[39] Tarcan, Gamze Yorgancioglu, Pinar Yalcin Balcik, and Bulent Sapaz. 2020. Systematic Evaluation of the Websites: Hospital-Based Practice. International Journal of Healthcare Management 13 (1): 53–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2018.1564445
[40] Yudasubrata, Ari Tri Wibowo, Raja Oktovin Parhasian Damanik, Achmad Nizar Hidayanto, and Nur Fitriah Ayuning Budi. 2019. Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Approach in Studying Information Demand and Supply: Methodology of Geo-Targeted Keywords with Case Study of Hospital Websites in Jakarta. In 2019 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems (ICACSIS), 519–24. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACSIS47736.2019.8979776
[41] Zhong, Yang, Wenjuan Tao, Yanlin Yang, Hao Wu, Weimin Li, and Jin Wen. 2021. ‘Comparison of User-Oriented Information Services on the Websites of Large Hospitals in China and the United States: Cross-Sectional Study.’ Journal of Medical Internet Research 23 (12): e27392. https://doi.org/10.2196/27392
[2] Alhadreti, Obead. 2021. An Accessibility Evaluation of the Websites of Top-Ranked Hospitals in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 12 (1): 692–98. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2021.0120180.
[3] Alhuwail, Dari, Zainab AlMeraj, and Fatima Boujarwah. 2018. Evaluating Hospital Websites in Kuwait to Improve Consumer Engagement and Access to Health Information: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 18 (1): 82. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-018-0660-4.
[4] Anthony Jnr, Bokolo. 2021. Implications of Telehealth and Digital Care Solutions during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Literature Review. Informatics for Health and Social Care 46 (1): 68–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538157.2020.1839467.
[5] Ara, Jinat, and Cecilia Sik-Lanyi. 2022. Investigation of COVID-19 Vaccine Information Websites across Europe and Asia Using Automated Accessibility Protocols. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19 (5): 2867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052867.
[6] Ariansyah, Kasmad, Emyana Ruth Eritha Sirait, Badar Agung Nugroho, and Muhammad Suryanegara. 2021. Drivers of and Barriers to E-Commerce Adoption in Indonesia: Individuals’ Perspectives and the Implications. Telecommunications Policy 45 (8): 102219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2021.102219.
[7] Aufa, Badra Al, Ari Nurfikri, Wiwiet Mardiati, Sancoko Sancoko, Heri Yuliyanto, Mochamad Iqbal Nurmansyah, Imas Arumsari, and Ibrahim Isa Koire. 2023. Feasibility, Acceptance and Factors Related to the Implementation of Telemedicine in Rural Areas: A Scoping Review Protocol. Digital Health 9 (January). https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231171236.
[8] Azad-Khaneghah, Peyman, Noelannah Neubauer, Antonio Miguel Cruz, and Lili Liu. 2021. Mobile Health App Usability and Quality Rating Scales: A Systematic Review. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 16 (7): 712–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2019.1701103
[9] Behmane, Daiga, Didzis Rutitis, and Vita Savicka. 2019. An Evaluation of Health Care Service Provider Websites in Latvia – a Medical Tourism Perspective. Regional Formation and Development Studies 29 (3): 5–20. https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v29i3.1990
[10] BOYDAK, Sümeyra, and Yusuf Yalçın İLERİ. 2021. Türkiye’deki Kamu ve Özel Hastane Web Sitelerinin İşleyiş Kalitesi, Güncellik ve Tasarım Altyapısı Bakımından Analizi. AJIT-e Online Academic Journal of Information Technology 12 (44): 71–92. https://doi.org/10.5824/ajite.2021.01.005.x
[11] Cai, Lulu, Xiangzhen He, Yugang Dai, and Kejian Zhu. 2018. Research on B2B2C E-Commerce Website Design Based on User Experience. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1087 (September): 062043. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1087/6/062043
[12] Cham, Tat-Huei, Yet-Mee Lim, Bee-Chuan Sia, Jun-Hwa Cheah, and Hiram Ting. 2021. Medical Tourism Destination Image and Its Relationship with the Intention to Revisit: A Study of Chinese Medical Tourists in Malaysia. Journal of China Tourism Research 17 (2): 163–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2020.1734514
[13] Cham, Tat Huei, Boon Liat Cheng, Mei Peng Low, and Jason Boon Chuan Cheok. 2021. Brand Image as the Competitive Edge for Hospitals in Medical Tourism. European Business Review 33 (1). https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2019-0269
[14] Derezińska, Anna, and Krzysztof Kwaśnik. 2020. Evaluation and Improvement of Web Application Quality – A Case Study. In , edited by Wojciech Zamojski, Jacek Mazurkiewicz, Jarosław Sugier, Tomasz Walkowiak, and Janusz Kacprzyk, 187–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48256-5_19
[15] Dhameria, Vita, Imam Ghozali, Abas Hidayat, and Vincent Didiek Wiet Aryanto. 2021. Networking Capability, Entrepreneurial Marketing, Competitive Advantage, and Marketing Performance. Uncertain Supply Chain Management 9 (4): 941–48. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2021.7.007
[16] Domínguez Vila, Trinidad, Elisa Alén González, and Simon Darcy. 2019. Accessible Tourism Online Resources: A Northern European Perspective. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 19 (2): 140–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2018.1478325
[17] Huerta, Timothy R, Daniel M Walker, and Eric W Ford. 2016. An Evaluation and Ranking of Children’s Hospital Websites in the United States. Journal of Medical Internet Research 18 (8): e228. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5799
[18] Hung, Wei-Hsi, Chih-Lang Tseng, Fang-Kai Chang, and Yi-Che Wu. 2022. A Mixed-Methods Approach to Identifying and Exploring the Causes of the Electronic Service Gap between Hospital Website Developers and Users. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, January, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2021.2003322
[19] Huriyah, Huriyah, and Abas Hidayat. 2022. SECTIONS Model Analysis for Pre-Service English Teachers’ Media Selection in Pandemic Covid 19. International Journal of Instruction 15 (3): 599–610. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15333a
[20] Jain, Samkit, and Pradnya Purandare. 2021. Study of the Usability Testing of E-Commerce Applications. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1964 (4): 042059. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1964/4/042059
[21] Kawashima, Nobuko. 2006. ‘Advertising Agencies, Media and Consumer Market: The Changing Quality of TV Advertising in Japan.’ Media, Culture and Society 28 (3): 393–410. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443706062900
[22] Kumar, Aalok, Sunil Luthra, Sachin Kumar Mangla, and Yiğit Kazançoğlu. 2020. COVID-19 Impact on Sustainable Production and Operations Management. Sustainable Operations and Computers 1: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2020.06.001
[23] Kusumawati, Ayu Nadya. 2018. Identifikasi Faktor–Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Medical Tourism Pada Rumah Sakit Di Indonesia. Jurnal Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia 5 (1): 25–29. https://doi.org/10.7454/arsi.v5i1.2866
[24] Mahendradhata, Yodi. 2019. Proceed with Caution: Potential Challenges and Risks of Developing Healthcare Tourism in Indonesia. Global Public Health 14 (3): 340–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2018.1504224
[25] Mason, Alicia, Elizabeth Spencer, Kaitlin Barnett, and Jaquelyn Bouchie. 2023. ‘Examining the Prominence and Congruence of Organizational Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Communication in Medical Tourism Provider Websites.’ Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights 6 (1): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-06-2021-0136
[26] Maurer, Laura E., Chandani Bansal, and Priya Bansal. 2022. Methods to Engage Patients in the Modern Clinic. Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 128 (2): 132–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2021.11.013
[27] Nasir, Abdul, Waridin Waridin, Deden Dinar Iskandar, Indah Susilowati, And Abas Hidayat. 2022. ‘Shariah-Based Hospitality, Competitive Advantage and Tourists’ Revisiting Interest on Indonesia Tourism.’ Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 13 (8): 2134. https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.8(64).06
[28] Norsiah Kadir, and Sabri Nayan. 2021. International Demand for Medical Tourism in Malaysia: Evidence from Panel Data. International Journal of Business and Society 22 (3): 1240–55. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.4298.2021
[29] Randy Joy, Magno Ventayen. 2018. Evaluation of State University and College Institutional Websites in the Philippines. Indian Journal of Science and Technology 11 (35): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2018/v11i35/130847
[30] Ratnasari, Ririn Tri, Sri Gunawan, Anwar Allah Pitchay, and Marhanum Che Mohd Salleh. 2022. Sustainable Medical Tourism: Investigating Health-Care Travel in Indonesia and Malaysia. International Journal of Healthcare Management 15 (3): 220–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2020.1870365
[31] Reichenpfader, Daniel, Robin Glauser, Martin Dugas, and Kerstin Denecke. 2020. Assessing and Improving the Usability of the Medical Data Models Portal. In DHealth, 199–206.
[32] Roche, Dominic, and Aled Jones. 2021. A Qualitative Study of Nurse‐patient Communication and Information Provision during Surgical Pre‐admission Clinics. Health Expectations 24 (4): 1357–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13270
[33] Saghaeiannejad-Isfahani, Sakineh, Rohollah Sheikh Abumasoudi, Nazila Esmaeli, Taherh Saberi, and Narges Mahmodi. 2019. Evaluation of the Website of Public Hospitals in Isfahan with the WebMedQual Approach in 2018. Journal of Education and Health Promotion 8. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_48_18
[34] Sethi, Bilal Ahmed, Ahsan Sethi, Sadaf Ali, and Hira Shireen Aamir. 2020. ‘mpact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic on Health Professionals. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 36 (COVID19-S4). https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2779
[35] Sheikh, Aziz, Michael Anderson, Sarah Albala, Barbara Casadei, Bryony Dean Franklin, Mike Richards, David Taylor, Holly Tibble, and Elias Mossialos. 2021. Health Information Technology and Digital Innovation for National Learning Health and Care Systems. The Lancet Digital Health 3 (6): e383–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00005-4
[36] Sik-Lanyi, Cecilia, and Éva Orbán-Mihálykó. 2019. Accessibility Testing of European Health-Related Websites. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 44 (11): 9171–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-04017-z
[37] Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Zuraida Ahmad Sabki, Mohd Johari Jaafa, Benedict Francis, Khairul Arif Razali, Aliaa Juares Rizal, Nor Hazwani Mokhtar, Johan Arif Juhari, Suhaila Zainal, and Chong Guan Ng. 2020. Development of a Remote Psychological First Aid Protocol for Healthcare Workers Following the COVID-19 Pandemic in a University Teaching Hospital, Malaysia. Healthcare 8 (3): 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030228
[38] Supriatin, Supriatin, Pratuma Rithpho, Asiah Asiah, and Rokhmatul Hikhmat. 2022. Blended Learning to Improve the Physical Examination Ability of Nursing Students. International Journal of Educational Qualitative Quantitative Research 1 (2): 23–30. https://doi.org/10.58418/ijeqqr.v1i2.20
[39] Tarcan, Gamze Yorgancioglu, Pinar Yalcin Balcik, and Bulent Sapaz. 2020. Systematic Evaluation of the Websites: Hospital-Based Practice. International Journal of Healthcare Management 13 (1): 53–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2018.1564445
[40] Yudasubrata, Ari Tri Wibowo, Raja Oktovin Parhasian Damanik, Achmad Nizar Hidayanto, and Nur Fitriah Ayuning Budi. 2019. Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Approach in Studying Information Demand and Supply: Methodology of Geo-Targeted Keywords with Case Study of Hospital Websites in Jakarta. In 2019 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems (ICACSIS), 519–24. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACSIS47736.2019.8979776
[41] Zhong, Yang, Wenjuan Tao, Yanlin Yang, Hao Wu, Weimin Li, and Jin Wen. 2021. ‘Comparison of User-Oriented Information Services on the Websites of Large Hospitals in China and the United States: Cross-Sectional Study.’ Journal of Medical Internet Research 23 (12): e27392. https://doi.org/10.2196/27392
Published
2023-09-29
How to Cite
NURFIKRI, Ari; ROSELINA, Elsa; HIDAYAT, Abas.
Evaluating Quality of Hospitals Websites for Medical Tourism in Indonesia.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 14, n. 6, p. 2735 - 2744, sep. 2023.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/8093>. Date accessed: 23 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v14.6(70).21.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.