Functional Conflicts in Tourist Coastal Resort Cities with Special Spa Status in Poland. The Stakeholder Approach
Abstract
This study aims to identify and analyse the potential conflicts of tourism, resort and residents’ functions based on coastal resort cities of the highest importance in Poland (Sopot, Ustka, Kołobrzeg, Świnoujście). Coastal health resorts are specific urban units where tourist and resort functions provided under high environmental restrictions dominate the primary urban function typically focused on social and resident matters. Coastal resort cities attract tourists heavily. Hence, such cities must deal with varied stakeholder expectations. This may lead to conflicts in sustainable urban development.
The analysis considers the stakeholder perspective regarding the occurrence of various conflicts. Different research methods have been used, including case studies and stakeholder analysis based on the salience model and classifying stakeholders into homogenous groups with the attributes assigned.
The diverse and often divergent needs of stakeholders in coastal cities require a specific approach to developing such urban units, including stakeholder relationship management. A method used for the resort stakeholder analysis is based on classical stakeholder classification proposed by Mitchel, Agle and Wood (1997).
The nature of functions performed in resort cities naturally lead to internal and developmental conflicts. However, based on an assessment of attributes assigned their evaluation across key stakeholder groups, the study results show that these conflicts occurred dormant in studied cities.
The research methods used, an approach taken, and results achieved can be successfully used by decision-makers responsible for urban development to identify and manage potential conflicts deriving from diversified expectations of urban stakeholders or conflicting urban functions.
The article is of an international character and might be used to various aspects of city management, as it combines stakeholder management approach with urban development and potential function conflicts.
References
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[16] Eskerod, P., Huemann, M., Savage, G. 2015. Project stakeholder management—Past and present. Project management journal 46(6): 6-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21555
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[18] Freya, B.S., Briviba, A. 2021. Revived Originals – A proposal to deal with cultural overtourism. Tourism Economics. 27(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816620945407
[19] Gillham, B. 2000. Case Study Research Methods. Continuum, London.
[20] Gustavo, N. S. 2010. A 21st-century approach to health tourism spas: The case of Portugal. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 17(1): 127–135. DOI: http://dx. doi.org/10.1375/jhtm.17.1.127
[21] Hącia, E. 2016. The impact of tourist traffic on the functioning of Polish seaside health resorts. Transportation Research Procedia 16: 110-121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.11.012
[22] Hira, J.K., Kaur, R. 2023. Supply side stakeholders’ viewpoints about medical tourism in India and the effects of COVID 19. Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management 28(2). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/25160435231161125
[23] Insch, A. 2020. The challenges of over-tourism facing New Zealand: Risks and responses. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management 15: 100378. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.100378
[24] Kamassi, A., Abd Manaf, N. H., Omar, A. 2020. The identity and role of stakeholders in the medical tourism industry: state of the art. Tourism Review 75(3): 559-574. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-01-2019-0031
[25] Kulkajonplun, K., Angkasith, V., Rithmanee, D. 2016. The development of a sustainable resort and indicators. Procedia CIRP 40: 191-196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.01.099
[26] Koens K., Postma A., Papp B. 2018. Is overtourism overused? Understanding the impact of tourism in a city context. Sustainability 10(12), 4384. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124384
[27] Lindgreen, A., Benedetto, Di B., Beverland, M. B. 2021. How to write up case-study methodology sections. Industrial Marketing Management 96: A7-A10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.04.012
[28] Manaf, N. H. A., Hussin, H., Kassim, P. N. J., Alavi, R., Dahari, Z. 2015. Medical tourism service quality: finally some empirical findings. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence 26(9-10): 1017-1028. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2015.1068597
[29] Mastora, C., Paschalidis, E., Nikiforiadis, A., Basbas, S. 2023. Pedestrian Crossings as a Means of Reducing Conflicts between Cyclists and Pedestrians in Shared Spaces. Sustainability 15(12): 9377. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129377
[30] Martí, P., Jordán, J., Julian, V. 2023. Best-response planning for urban fleet coordination. Neural Computing and Applications, 1-20.
[31] Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R., Wood, D. J. 1997. Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts. Academy of management review 22(4): 853-886. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/259247
[32] Nunes, S., Cooke, P., Grilo, H. 2021. Green-Sphere Circular Experiences and Well-Being Along the Road: Portugal from North to South. In Tourism Innovation in Spain and Portugal. Springer, Cham: 89-111. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80733-7_6
[33] Page, S. J., Hartwell, H., Johns, N., Fyall, A., Ladkin, A., Hemingway, A. 2017. Case study: Wellness, tourism and small business development in a UK coastal resort: Public engagement in practice. Tourism Management 60: 466–477. DOI: https://10.1016/j.tourman.2016.12.014
[34] Pasquinelli, C., Trunfio, M. 2020. Reframing urban overtourism through the Smart-City Lens. Cities 102, 102729. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102729
[35] Paszkowska, M. 2017. Uzdrowiska w systemie ochrony zdrowia. Difin SA. (in Polish)
[36] Pedrini, M. and Ferri, L. M. 2019. Stakeholder management: a systematic literature review. Corporate Governance 19(1): 44-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-08-2017-0172
[37] Peric, M., Ðurkin, J. and Lamot, I. 2014. Importance of stakeholder management in tourism project: case study of the istra inspirit project1, Faculty of tourism and hospitality management in opatija. Biennial international congress. Tourism and hospitality industry. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management.
[38] Postma, A., Schmuecker, D. 2017. Understanding and overcoming negative impacts of tourism in city destinations: conceptual model and strategic framework. Journal of Tourism Futures.
[39] Sagan, I. 2000. Miasto scena konfliktów i współpracy. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego. Gdańsk. (in Polish)
[40] Schnitzer, M., Kössler, C., Schlemmer, P., Peters, M. 2021. Influence of event and place image on residents’ attitudes toward and support for events. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research 45(7): 1260-1281. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/10963480209195
[41] Sibrijns, G. R., Vanneste, D. 2021. Managing overtourism in collaboration: The case of ‘From Capital City to Court City’, a tourism redistribution policy project between Amsterdam and The Hague. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management 20: 100569. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100569
[42] Spoladore, D., Pessot, E. 2023. An ontology-based decision support system to foster innovation and competitiveness opportunities of health tourism destinations. In Digital and Strategic Innovation for Alpine Health Tourism: Natural Resources, Digital Tools and Innovation Practices from HEALPS 2 Project. Cham: Springer International Publishing: 61-71.
[43] Swanborn P. 2010. Case Study Research: What, Why and How? SAGE Publications, Inc., first edition.
[44] Szromek, A. R., Romaniuk, P. 2014. The management of spa tourism centres in Poland structure of boards, and their perception of different types of visitors, with regard to the funding source of treatment. American Journal of Tourism Management 3(1): 9–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5923/j.tourism.20140301.02
[45] Tomić, N., Košić, K. 2020. Developing the Spa Assessment Model (SAM) and its application on the Kopaonik-Jastrebac spa zone (Serbia). Tourism Management Perspectives 36,: 100753. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100753
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Published
2023-09-29
How to Cite
WOŁEK, Marcin; PRÓCHNIAK, Joanna; KEMPA, Jarosław.
Functional Conflicts in Tourist Coastal Resort Cities with Special Spa Status in Poland. The Stakeholder Approach.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 14, n. 6, p. 2539 - 2556, sep. 2023.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/8078>. Date accessed: 26 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v14.6(70).06.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.