Strategic Vectors of Coastal Tourism Development as a Blue Economy Component in the International Dimension
Abstract
The blue economy covers various scientific areas and types of socio-economic activity that are related to each other: fisheries, shipping, tourism (beach and cruise), transportation, logistics, alternative energy, ecology, water management, climate change and biosphere conservation. It was found that coastal tourism occupies an important place in the system of the Blue Economy. According to the set of indicators: The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index, International tourist arrivals, thousands, Travel and Tourism industry GDP, and Employment in the tourism and travel sphere, a cluster analysis has been created for leading countries. As a result of the analysis, 9 clusters have been formed, for each of which strategic vectors of development were determined. The coastline of all countries in the world is 1162.3 million km. The longest coastline belongs to Canada – 202080 km. Relative indicators per 1 km of coastline as international tourist arrivals, international tourism inbound receipts, Tourism and Travel industry GDP have been considered. It has been substantiated that the Spanish coastal tourism industry deserves special attention. There are 17 coastal areas and more than 2,000 beaches in Spain.
References
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[8] Cristiani, P. 2017. New challenges for materials in the blue economy perspective. Metall Italiana, (7 - 8).
[9] De Santo, E.M. 2013. Missing marine protected area (MPA) targets: how the push for quantity over quality undermines sustainability and social justice. J. Environ. Manage. 124: 137–146. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.01.033
[10] Domínguez-Tejo, E., Metternicht, G., Johnston, E.L., and Hedge, L. 2018. Exploring the social dimension of sandy beaches through predictive modelling. J. Environ. Manage. 214: 379–407. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.006
[11] Ehlers, P. 2016. Blue growth and ocean governance—how to balance the use and the protection of the seas. WMU J. Marit. Affairs, 15 (2): 187–203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13437-016-0104-x
[12] Eikeset, A., Mazzarella, A., Davidsdottir, B., Klinger, D., Levin, S., Rovenskaya, E., and Stenseth, N. 2018. What is blue growth? The semantics of ‘Sustainable Development’ of marine environments. Mar. Policy 87: 177–179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.10.019
[13] Ferreira, M.A., Johnson, D., da Silva, C.P., Ramos, T.B. 2018. Developing a performance evaluation mechanism for Portuguese marine spatial planning using a participatory approach. J. Clean. Prod. 180: 913–923. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.183
[14] Fraschetti, S., et al. 2018. Light and shade in marine conservation across European and Contiguous Seas. Front. Mar. Sci. 5, 420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00420
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[16] Germond-Duret, C. 2022. Framing the blue economy: Placelessness, development and sustainability. Development and Change. First published: 07 February 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12703
[17] Granit, J., Liss Lymer, B., Olsen, S., Tengberg, A., Nõmmann, S., and Clausen, T.J. 2017. A conceptual framework for governing and managing key flows in a source-to-sea continuum. Water Policy 19 (4): 673–691. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.126
[18] Griggs, D., Stafford-Smith, M., Gaffney, O., Rockström, J., Öhman, M., Shyamsundar, P., Steffen, W., Glaser, G., Kanie, N., and Noble, I. 2013. Sustainable development goals for people and planet. NaturIe 495: 305–307. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/495305a
[19] Hassler, B., et al. 2018. Collective action and agency in Baltic Sea marine spatial planning: transnational policy coordination in the promotion of regional coherence. Mar. Policy 92: 138–147. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.03.002
[20] Hays, G.C., et al. 2016. Key questions in marine megafauna movement ecology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 31 (6): 463–475. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.02.015
[21] Hemer, M.A., Manasseh, R., McInnes, K.L., Penesis, I., Pitman, T. 2018. Perspectives on a way forward for ocean renewable energy in Australia. Renew. Energ. 127: 733–745. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.05.036
[22] Islam, M.M., and Shamsuddoha, M. 2018. Coastal and marine conservation strategy for Bangladesh in the context of achieving blue growth and sustainable development goals (SDGs). Environ. Sci. Policy 87: 45–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.05.014
[23] Kaczynski, W. 2011. The future of the blue economy: lessons for the European Union. Found Manag 3(1): 21–32.
[24] Kamat, V.R. 2018. Dispossession and disenchantment: the micropolitics of marine conservation in southeastern Tanzania. Mar. Policy 88: 261–268. DOI: https://doi.org/10
[25] Kern, K., Söderström, S. 2018. The ecosystem approach to management in the Baltic Sea Region: analyzing regional environmental governance from a spatial perspective. Mar. Policy 98: 271–277. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.09.023
[26] Lundberg, C. 2013 Eutrophication, risk management and sustainability. The perceptions of different stakeholders in the northern Baltic Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 66 (1–2): 143–150. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.09.031
[27] Mah, A. 2021. Future-proofing capitalism: the paradox of the circular economy for plastics. Glob Environ Politics 21(2): 121–142.
[28] Malone, T.C., DiGiacomo, P.M., Gonçalves, E., Knap, A.H., Talaue-McManus, L., de Mora, S. 2014. A global ocean observing system framework for sustainable development. Mar. Policy 43: 262–272. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2013.06.008
[29] Michael V. B., Marine Technologies- an Ocean of Opportunities (2012). Available at: http://www.mvb-euroconsult.com
[30] Nash, J., and Herscovitch, B. 2018. The blue economy: national, regional and global perspectives. Fyshwick, Australian Capital Territory: Sea Power Centre Australia, X, 47 p.
[31] Niner, H.J., Milligan, B., Jones, P.J., and Styan, C.A. 2017. A global snapshot of marine biodiversity offsetting policy. Mar. Policy 81: 368–374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. marpol.2017.04.005
[32] Ntona, M., and Morgera, E. 2018. Connecting SDG 14 with the other Sustainable Development Goals through marine spatial planning. Mar. Policy 93: 214–222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.06.020
[33] Parsyak, V., Zhukova, O., and Vashchylenko, A. 2023. Ukraine’s Blue Economy: potential and prospects for integration into the European space. Three Seas Economic Journal 4(1): 58-63. DOI:https://doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2023-1-7
[34] Pauli, G. 2010. The Blue Economy: 10 Years, 100 Innovations, 100 Million Jobs. Taos, New Mexico: Paradigm Publications, XXXII, 308 p.
[35] Portman, M.E. 2014. Visualization for planning and management of oceans and coasts. Ocean Coast. Manage. 98: 176–185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.06.018
[36] Potts, J., Wilkings, A., Lynch, M., and McFatridge, S. 2016. State of Sustainability Initiatives Review: Standards and the Blue Economy. International Institute for Sustainable Development, Winnipeg. Available at: https://www.iisd.org/sites/default/files/publications/ssi-blue-economy-2016.pdf
[37] Rao, I. A. 2020. Elements of blue economy. Islamabad: IPS Press, xx, 288 p.
[38] Russel, D.J., den Uyl, R.M., and De Vito, L. 2018. Understanding policy integration in the EU—Insights from a multi-level lens on climate adaptation and the EU’s coastal and marine policy. Environ. Sci. Policy 82: 44–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2017.12.009
[39] Salpin, C., Onwuasoanya, V., Bourrel, M., Swaddling, A. 2018. Marine scientific research in pacific small island developing states. Mar. Policy 95: 363–371. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2016.07.019
[40] Sherman, S., and Alexander, L. M. 1986. Variability and management of large marine ecosystemss. Boulder: Westview Press, xxvi, 319 p.
[41] Shojaei, A, Ketabi, R, Razkenari, M, Hakim, H., and Wang, J. 2021. Enabling a circular economy in the built environment sector through blockchain technology. J Clean Prod 294: 126352.
[42] Silver, J.J., Gray, N.J., Campbell, L.M., Fairbanks, L.W. and Gruby, R.L. 2015. Blue economy and competing discourses in international oceans governance. Journal of Environment and Development 24 (2): 135–160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1070496515580797
[43] Stead, S.M. 2018. Rethinking marine resource governance for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Curr. Opin. Env. Sust. 34: 54–61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2018.12.001
[44] Sverdan, M. (2021). The Blue Economy: A New Trend in Social Development. Green, Blue and Digital Economy Journal 2(3): 49-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30525/2661-5169/2021-3-8
[45] Văidianu, N., and Ristea, M. 2018. Marine spatial planning in Romania: State of the art and evidence from stakeholders. Ocean Coast. Manage. 166: 52–61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.03.017
[46] Virto, L.R. 2018. A preliminary assessment of the indicators for Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 ‘Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development’. Mar. Policy 98: 47–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.08.036
[47] Visbeck, M., et al. 2014. Securing blue wealth: the need for a special sustainable development goal for the ocean and coasts. Mar. Policy 48: 184–191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.03.005
[48] Voyer, M., Quirk, G. McIlgorm, A. and Azmi, K. 2018. Shades of blue: What do competing interpretations of the Blue Economy mean for oceans governance? Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning 20 (5): 595–616. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2018.1473153
[49] Waiti, D., and Lorrenij, R. 2018. Sustainable management of deep sea mineral activities: a case study of the development of national regulatory frameworks for the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Mar. Policy 95: 388–393. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.03.025
[50] Walker, K., and Weiler, B. 2017. A new model for guide training and transformative outcomes: a case study in sustainable marine-wildlife ecotourism. J. Ecotourism 16 (3): 269–290. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2016.1245736
[51] Winder, G., and Le Heron, R. 2017. Assembling a Blue Economy moment? Geographic engagement with globalizing biological-economic relations in multi-use marine environments. Dialogues Hum. Geogr. 7 (1): 3–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2043820617691643
[52] Winder, G.M., and Le Heron R. 2017. Assembling a Blue Economy moment? Geographic engagement with globalizing biologicaleconomic relations in multi-use marine environments. Dialogues in Human Geography 7 (1): 3–26.
[53] Yang, L., Wang, P., Cao, L., Liu, Y., Chen, L. 2016. Studies on charges for sea area utilizationmanagement and its effect on the sustainable development of marineeconomy in Guangdong province, China. Sustainability 8 (2): 116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su8020116
[54] Blue Economy Concept Paper, ‘Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform, United Nations (UN), January 2014.
[55] European Commission (2021) The EU blue economy report 2021. Publications. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/0b0c5bfd-c737-11eb-a925-01aa75ed71a1
[56] European Investment Fund. URL: https://www.eif.org/
[57] PROBLUE: www.worldbank.org/en/programs/problue
[58] Promoting a sustainable blue economy. www.wwf.eu/what_we_do/oceans/promoting_a_sustainable_blue_economy/
[59] The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019. (2019). Available at: https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-travel-tourism-competitiveness-report-2019
[60] The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2021. (2021). Available at: https://www.weforum.org/reports/travel-and-tourism-development-index-2021
[61] The World Factbook. Available at: https://www.cia.gov
[62] UNWTO. World Tourism Organization a UN Specialized Agency. Available at: https://www.unwto.org
[63] What is the Blue Economy? (2017). www.worldbank.org/en/news/infographic/2017/06/06/blue-economy
[64] World Bank Open Data. https://data.worldbank.org
Published
2023-09-29
How to Cite
BRIONES-PEÑALVER, Antonio-Juan; PROKOPCHUK, Liliya; SAMOILYK, Iuliia.
Strategic Vectors of Coastal Tourism Development as a Blue Economy Component in the International Dimension.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 14, n. 6, p. 2473 - 2496, sep. 2023.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/8073>. Date accessed: 21 may 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v14.6(70).01.
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Article
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.