Marine Tourism-Based Sustainable Community Empowerment Model in the New Normal Era
Abstract
Community-based tourism is an empowerment approach that involves and places the community as an important public in the context of the new sustainable development paradigm. Community-based tourism is an opportunity to mobilize the potential and dynamics of the community, in order to balance the role of large-scale tourism business actors. This study aims to determine the Model of Marine Tourism-Based Sustainable Community Empowerment in the New Normal Era. This research is descriptive and quantitative. The study used a purposive sampling method with 100 samples with a questionnaire to the community in Palu City and Donggala Regency. This data was analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that the variable of community-based tourism, where the variables of economy, culture, social, political environment had a significant effect on community development. It states that community empowerment refers to how local communities have a great influence socially and in community organizations to improve their living environment.
References
[1] Arismayanti, N. K., Widyatmaja, I. G. N., and Wiraatmaja, I. W. 2017. The Establishment of Rural Tourism Based Creative Economy Kendran Village, Gianyar. Udayana Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (UJoSSH), 1(1): 13.
[2] Blackstock, K. 2005. A critical look at community-based tourism. Community development journal, 40(1): 39–49.
[3] Cole, S. 2006. Information and Empowerment: The keys to achieving sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(6): 629-644.
[4] Costanza, R., Graumlich, L. J. and Steffen, W. 2007. Sustainability or Collapse: Lessons from Integrating the History of Humans and the Rest of Nature. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 59 (9): 941–76.
[5] Darmayanti, P.W., Oka, I M.D. and Sukita, I.W. 2020. Development of Kaba-Kaba Tourism Village in the perspective of the local community]. Jurnal Ilmiah Hospitality Management, 11(01): 15–23. DOI:https://doi.org/doi:10.22334/jihm.v11i1.173 (in Indonesian)
[6] Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P. and Spurr, R. 2003. Inter-industry effects of tourism growth: implications for destination managers. Tourism Economics, 9(2): 117–132.
[7] Giao, H. N. K., Vuong, B. N., Phuong, N. N. D., and Dat, N. T. 2021. A model of factors affecting domestic tourist satisfaction on eco-tourism service quality in the mekong delta, Vietnam.
[8] Gittel, R., and Vidal, A. 1998. Community Organizing: Building Social Capital as a Development Strategy. London: Sage.
[9] Goliath-Ludic, K., and Yekela, S. 2020. Resident’s perception of the environmental impact of tourism: A case study of the bawa community in Butterworth, South Africa. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 33(4): 1527–1531.
[10] Goodwin, H., and Santilli, R. 2009. Community-based tourism: A success?. ICRT Occasional Paper 11
[11] Gursoy, D., Chi, C. G., and Dyer, P. 2010. Locals’ Attitudes toward Mass and Alternative Tourism, The Case of Sunshine Coast, Australia. Journal of Travel Research, 49(3): 381-394.
[12] Hidayat, A., Rahmanita, M., and Hermantoro, H. 2017. Community Empowerment in Plempoh Cultural Tourism Village. TRJ Tourism Research Journal, 1(1): 98.
[13] Hur, M. H. 2006. Empowerment in Terms of Theoretical Perspectives: Exploring a Typology of the Process and Components across Disciplines. Journal of Community Psychology, 34(5): 523-540.
[14] Kibicho, W. 2008. Community - based tourism: A factor - cluster segmentation approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(2): 211-231.
[15] Mintzberg, H. 2009. Rebuilding Companies as Communities. Harvard Business Review (July–August 2009).
[16] Murphy, P. E. 2013. Tourism: A community approach (RLE Tourism). Routledge.
[17] Neto, F. 2003. A new approach to sustainable tourism development: Moving beyond environmental protection. in Natural resources forum. Wiley Online Library, pp. 212–222.
[18] Nurhidayati, S. E. 2007. Community Based Tourism (CBT) sebagai Pendekatan Pembangunan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan. Jurnal Masyarakat, Kebudayaan, Dan Politik Universitas Airlangga, 3(3): 191–202. Available at: http://www.journal.unair.ac.id/filerPDF/Community Based Tourism _CBT_.pdf (in Indonesian)
[19] Oka, I. M. D., Murni, N. G. N. S., and Mecha, I. P. S. 2021. The Community-Based Tourism at the Tourist Village in the Local People’S Perspective. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 38(4): 988–996. DOI:https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.38401-735
[20] Osman, Z., and Sentosa, I. 2013. Mediating effect of customer satisfaction on service quality and customer loyalty relationship in Malaysian rural tourism. International Journal of Economics and Management Studies, 2(1): 25-37.
[21] Pitana, I Gede, et al. 2005. Hospotality Industry and Tourism education (The Case of Indonesia). Paper presented at the 2005 ASAIHL Seminar on “Hospitality and Tourism Education”, Phuket, Thailand, October 16-19, 2005, organized by Association of South East Asian institutions of Higher Leaning (ASAIHL) and Prince of Songkla University.
[22] Polnyotee, M., and Thadaniti, S. 2015. Community-based tourism: A strategy for sustainable tourism development of Patong Beach, Phuket Island, Thailand. Asian Social Science, 11(27): 90–98. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n27p90
[23] Roseland, M. 2000. Sustainable Community Development: Integrating Environmental, Economic, and Social Objectives. Progress in Planning, 54 (2): 73–132.
[24] Salazar, N. 2012. Community - based cultural tourism: Issues, threats and opportunities. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(1): 9-22.
[25] Solimun. 2002. Multivariate Analisis, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Lisrel dan Amos. Brawijaya FMIPA, Indonesia
[26] Stronza, A. 2007. The Economic Promise of Ecotourism for Conservation. Journal of Ecotourism, 6(3): 210-230.
[27] Suansri, P. 2003. Community Based Tourism Handbook. Thailand: REST Project.
[28] Suansri, P. and Yeejaw-haw, S. 2013. CBT Standard Handbook. The Thailand CBT Institute, Thailand
[29] Sunaryo, B. 2013. Kebijakan Pembangunan Destinasi Pariwisata Konsep dan Aplikasinya di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Gava Media.
[30] Sutrisna, E. 2011. The problem of women working in the tourism sector (hospitality case study). Jurnal Aplikasi Bisnis, 1(2): 97–102. (in Indonesian)
[31] Tinta, A. A. et al. 2018. Assessing the Impact of Integration on Economic Growth and Food Security in ECOWAS. Theoretical and Practical Research in the Economic Fields, Volume 9, Issue 1(17), p. 32-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/tpref.v9.1(17).04
[32] Wijaya, P. Y., Hartati, P. S., and Sumadi, N. K. 2020. The Readiness of Community Based Tourism Village Development (Case Study at Bongkasa Pertiwi Tourism Village, Bali Province, Indonesia). European Journal of Business and Management Research, 5(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2020.5.3.269
[33] Winia, I N., Oka, I M.D., and Pugra, I W. 2019. The Implementation of the community-based tourism at Tista Tourist Village. In International Conference on Applied Science and Technology 2019-Social Sciences Track (ICASTSS 2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/icastss-19.2019.15
[34] Zhang, Y., Xiong, Y., Lee, T. J., Ye, M., and Nunkoo, R. 2021. Sociocultural Sustainability and the Formation of Social Capital from Community-based Tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 60(3): 656–669. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520933673
[35] Zielinski, S., Jeong, Y., and Milanés, C. B. 2020. Factors that influence community-based tourism (CBT) in developing and developed countries. Tourism Geographies, 0(0), 1–33. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1786156
[36] *** UNWTO. 2008. UNWTO Development Assistance - Annual Report of the World Tourism Organization on Development Assistance Activities. on the www: http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/
[2] Blackstock, K. 2005. A critical look at community-based tourism. Community development journal, 40(1): 39–49.
[3] Cole, S. 2006. Information and Empowerment: The keys to achieving sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(6): 629-644.
[4] Costanza, R., Graumlich, L. J. and Steffen, W. 2007. Sustainability or Collapse: Lessons from Integrating the History of Humans and the Rest of Nature. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 59 (9): 941–76.
[5] Darmayanti, P.W., Oka, I M.D. and Sukita, I.W. 2020. Development of Kaba-Kaba Tourism Village in the perspective of the local community]. Jurnal Ilmiah Hospitality Management, 11(01): 15–23. DOI:https://doi.org/doi:10.22334/jihm.v11i1.173 (in Indonesian)
[6] Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P. and Spurr, R. 2003. Inter-industry effects of tourism growth: implications for destination managers. Tourism Economics, 9(2): 117–132.
[7] Giao, H. N. K., Vuong, B. N., Phuong, N. N. D., and Dat, N. T. 2021. A model of factors affecting domestic tourist satisfaction on eco-tourism service quality in the mekong delta, Vietnam.
[8] Gittel, R., and Vidal, A. 1998. Community Organizing: Building Social Capital as a Development Strategy. London: Sage.
[9] Goliath-Ludic, K., and Yekela, S. 2020. Resident’s perception of the environmental impact of tourism: A case study of the bawa community in Butterworth, South Africa. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 33(4): 1527–1531.
[10] Goodwin, H., and Santilli, R. 2009. Community-based tourism: A success?. ICRT Occasional Paper 11
[11] Gursoy, D., Chi, C. G., and Dyer, P. 2010. Locals’ Attitudes toward Mass and Alternative Tourism, The Case of Sunshine Coast, Australia. Journal of Travel Research, 49(3): 381-394.
[12] Hidayat, A., Rahmanita, M., and Hermantoro, H. 2017. Community Empowerment in Plempoh Cultural Tourism Village. TRJ Tourism Research Journal, 1(1): 98.
[13] Hur, M. H. 2006. Empowerment in Terms of Theoretical Perspectives: Exploring a Typology of the Process and Components across Disciplines. Journal of Community Psychology, 34(5): 523-540.
[14] Kibicho, W. 2008. Community - based tourism: A factor - cluster segmentation approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(2): 211-231.
[15] Mintzberg, H. 2009. Rebuilding Companies as Communities. Harvard Business Review (July–August 2009).
[16] Murphy, P. E. 2013. Tourism: A community approach (RLE Tourism). Routledge.
[17] Neto, F. 2003. A new approach to sustainable tourism development: Moving beyond environmental protection. in Natural resources forum. Wiley Online Library, pp. 212–222.
[18] Nurhidayati, S. E. 2007. Community Based Tourism (CBT) sebagai Pendekatan Pembangunan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan. Jurnal Masyarakat, Kebudayaan, Dan Politik Universitas Airlangga, 3(3): 191–202. Available at: http://www.journal.unair.ac.id/filerPDF/Community Based Tourism _CBT_.pdf (in Indonesian)
[19] Oka, I. M. D., Murni, N. G. N. S., and Mecha, I. P. S. 2021. The Community-Based Tourism at the Tourist Village in the Local People’S Perspective. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 38(4): 988–996. DOI:https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.38401-735
[20] Osman, Z., and Sentosa, I. 2013. Mediating effect of customer satisfaction on service quality and customer loyalty relationship in Malaysian rural tourism. International Journal of Economics and Management Studies, 2(1): 25-37.
[21] Pitana, I Gede, et al. 2005. Hospotality Industry and Tourism education (The Case of Indonesia). Paper presented at the 2005 ASAIHL Seminar on “Hospitality and Tourism Education”, Phuket, Thailand, October 16-19, 2005, organized by Association of South East Asian institutions of Higher Leaning (ASAIHL) and Prince of Songkla University.
[22] Polnyotee, M., and Thadaniti, S. 2015. Community-based tourism: A strategy for sustainable tourism development of Patong Beach, Phuket Island, Thailand. Asian Social Science, 11(27): 90–98. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n27p90
[23] Roseland, M. 2000. Sustainable Community Development: Integrating Environmental, Economic, and Social Objectives. Progress in Planning, 54 (2): 73–132.
[24] Salazar, N. 2012. Community - based cultural tourism: Issues, threats and opportunities. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(1): 9-22.
[25] Solimun. 2002. Multivariate Analisis, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Lisrel dan Amos. Brawijaya FMIPA, Indonesia
[26] Stronza, A. 2007. The Economic Promise of Ecotourism for Conservation. Journal of Ecotourism, 6(3): 210-230.
[27] Suansri, P. 2003. Community Based Tourism Handbook. Thailand: REST Project.
[28] Suansri, P. and Yeejaw-haw, S. 2013. CBT Standard Handbook. The Thailand CBT Institute, Thailand
[29] Sunaryo, B. 2013. Kebijakan Pembangunan Destinasi Pariwisata Konsep dan Aplikasinya di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Gava Media.
[30] Sutrisna, E. 2011. The problem of women working in the tourism sector (hospitality case study). Jurnal Aplikasi Bisnis, 1(2): 97–102. (in Indonesian)
[31] Tinta, A. A. et al. 2018. Assessing the Impact of Integration on Economic Growth and Food Security in ECOWAS. Theoretical and Practical Research in the Economic Fields, Volume 9, Issue 1(17), p. 32-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/tpref.v9.1(17).04
[32] Wijaya, P. Y., Hartati, P. S., and Sumadi, N. K. 2020. The Readiness of Community Based Tourism Village Development (Case Study at Bongkasa Pertiwi Tourism Village, Bali Province, Indonesia). European Journal of Business and Management Research, 5(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2020.5.3.269
[33] Winia, I N., Oka, I M.D., and Pugra, I W. 2019. The Implementation of the community-based tourism at Tista Tourist Village. In International Conference on Applied Science and Technology 2019-Social Sciences Track (ICASTSS 2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/icastss-19.2019.15
[34] Zhang, Y., Xiong, Y., Lee, T. J., Ye, M., and Nunkoo, R. 2021. Sociocultural Sustainability and the Formation of Social Capital from Community-based Tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 60(3): 656–669. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520933673
[35] Zielinski, S., Jeong, Y., and Milanés, C. B. 2020. Factors that influence community-based tourism (CBT) in developing and developed countries. Tourism Geographies, 0(0), 1–33. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1786156
[36] *** UNWTO. 2008. UNWTO Development Assistance - Annual Report of the World Tourism Organization on Development Assistance Activities. on the www: http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/
Published
2023-03-31
How to Cite
ROMBE, Elimawaty et al.
Marine Tourism-Based Sustainable Community Empowerment Model in the New Normal Era.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 14, n. 2, p. 513 - 521, mar. 2023.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/7699>. Date accessed: 23 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v14.2(66).20.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.