Features of Rural Tourism as an Element of Kazakh Culture during the Pandemic Syndrome
Abstract
The article discusses the prospects for developing rural tourism as one of the tools for shaping the country's image during and after the pandemic period. The tourism sphere of Kazakhstan, in which there were noticeable changes during the pandemic, is analyzed. Areas infected with coronavirus infection were shown on the map. Also, separately studied the data of the tourism sector of the Akmola and Karaganda regions during the pandemic. Marketing and sociological surveys were conducted to find determine residents' opinion of holiday destinations during the pandemic. In the example of neighboring regions of Akmola and Karaganda regions, some tourist objects contributing to the formation of the image and development of rural tourism were highlighted and marked on the map.
The key strengths of rural tourism development for the Republic of Kazakhstan, which can contribute to the sustainable formation of the country's image, are identified and recommended. The article compares the effects of COVID-19 and its impact on tourism development. Thus, the pandemic allows the development of domestic tourism in the country, due to which the population began to choose and give preference to tourist sites and routes within the country.
References
[1] Abilda, K. 2019. In the Karaganda region, 10 thousand liters of qymyz were prepared at the same time at the same time. Available at: https://egemen.kz/article/208796-qaraghandy-oblysynda-10-mynh-litr-qymyz-bir-mezette-pisildi
[2] Abilda, K. 2021. It started with Balkhash. Available at: https://egemen.kz/article/289989-balqashtan-bastau-aldy
[3] Alexandrova, A. Yu. 2012. Modern scientific principles of organization of rural tourism. Rural tourism and sustainable development of rural areas, Collection of reports of the Congress, 1st International Forum "Rural tourism in Russia", Altai Krai - M., p. 200.
[4] Bagrova, A. 2019. An unusual record was set on Saturday by the craftsmen of the Zhanaarkinsky district of the Karaganda region - they whipped 10 thousand liters of qymyz right in the open air. Available at: https://ru.sputnik.kz/tags/keyword_kumys/
[5] Gavrilă-Paven, I., Bârsan, M. C., and Dogaru, L. D. 2015. Advantages and Limits for Tourism Development in Rural Area. Case Study Ampoi and Mureş Valleys. Procedia Economics and Finance, 32: 1050 – 1059. DOI: 10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01567-1
[6] Gössling, S., Scott, D., and Hall, C. M. 2021. Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29 (1): 1-20. DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
[7] Hall, C.M. 2019. Biological Invasion, Biosecurity, Tourism, and Globalisation. Handbook Chapter, Social and Political, pp.114–125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786431295.00019
[8] Hall, C.M., Scott D., and Gössling, S. 2020. Pandemics, transformations and tourism: be careful what you wish for. Tourism Geographies, 22 (3): 577-598. DOI: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1759131
[9] Hallaj, Z., Bijani, M., Abbasi, E., Valizadeh, N., and Mohammadi, M. 2022. Tourism Development during the Pandemic of Coronavirus (COVID-19): Evidence from Iran. Front Public Health, 29, 10: 881381. DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2022.881381
[10] Ioannides, D., and Gyimóthy, S. 2020. The COVID-19 crisis as an opportunity for escaping the unsustainable global tourism path. Tourism Geographies, 22 (3): 624-632. DOI: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1763445
[11] Iskakova, K. A., Aktymbaeva, A.S., and Zhakupova, A. A. 2016. Conceptual approaches in the organization of rural tourism (world experience). Group-global.org. Available at: https://clck.ru/33WhBV
[12] Kantar, S., and Svržnjak, K. 2017. Development of Sustainable Rural Tourism. Deturope - The Central European Journal of Tourism and Regional Development. Available at: https://www.deturope.eu/pdfs/det/2017/01/03.pdf
[13] Katkova, E. 2020. How the coronavirus is changing the global tourism industry. Vedomosti. Available at: https://www.vedomosti.ru/partner/articles/2020/12/20/851707-antivirus-puteshestvii
[14] Kurmangaliyev, S. G. 2016. The tourism potential of Kazakhstan is stable. Available at: https://kapital.kz/economic/48625/ sel-skiy-turizm-mozhet-stat-istochnikom-stabil-nogo-dokhoda.html
[15] Kuščer, K., Eichelberger, S. and Peters, M. 2021. Tourism organizations’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: an investigation of the lockdown period. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(2): 247-260. DOI:10.1080/13683500.2021.1928010
[16] Leković, K., Tomić, S., Marić, D., and Ćurčić, N. V. 2020. Cognitive Component of the Image of a Rural Tourism Destination as a Sustainable Development Potential. Sustainability, 12, 22, 9413. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229413
[17] Marques, C. P., Guedes, A., and Bento, R. 2021. Rural tourism recovery between two COVID-19 waves: the case of Portugal. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(6): 857-863. DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2021.1910216
[18] Mukhamedzhanova, A. 2021. The festival of nomadic culture started in the Karaganda region. Available at: https://www.inform.kz/ru/festival-kochevoy-kul-tury-startoval-v-karagandinskoy-oblasti_a3801386
[19] Polukhina, A., et al. 2021. The Concept of Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in the Face of COVID-19 Crisis: Evidence from Russia. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14, 1: 38. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14010038
[20] Sakenova, S. and Khassenkhanova, G. 2021. Nomadic Culture of Saryarka festival in Karagandy comes to end. Available at: https://jjtv.kz/en/news/society/14660-nomadic-culture-of-saryarka-festival-in-karagandy-comes-to-end
[21] Sarsenbayuly, Zh. 2021. Reflection of nomadic culture. Available at: https://ortalyq.kz/k-shpeli-m-deniet-k-rinisi/
[22] Sharma, G. D., Thomas, A., and Paul, J. 2021. Reviving tourism industry post-COVID-19: A resilience-based framework. Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 100786. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100786
[23] Shostka, V. I. 2015. Prospects of development of rural green, ecological and ethnographic types of tourism in Crimea. Modern problems of service and tourism, No. 1. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/perspektivy-razvitiya-selskogo-zelenogo-ekologicheskogo-i-etnograficheskogo-vidov-turizma-v-krymu
[24] Shumakova, O. V., Kosenchuk, O. V., Novikov, Yu. I., and Nardin, D. S. 2015. Agrotourism as a promising direction of rural development in the Omsk region. Modern Problems of Science and Education. № 2-1. Available at: http://www.science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=20294
[25] Strokova, A. 2017. Kings of the Bronze Age. Industrial Karaganda. Available at: http://inkaraganda.kz/articles/145284
[26] Strokova, A. 2021. The festival "Nomadic culture of Saryarka" starts in the Karaganda region. Available at: http://ekaraganda.kz/?mod=news_read&id=107067
[27] Tleubayeva, A. 2018. Rural Tourism as One of the Priority Factors for Sustainable Development of Rural Territories in Kazakhstan. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 6(30): 1312 – 1326. DOI:10.14505/jemt.v9.6(30).21
[28] Tleubayeva, A.T. 2019. Ethno-Cultural Factors Influencing the Development of Rural Tourism in Kazakhstan. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 4(36): 772 - 787. DOI:10.14505/jemt.v10.4(36).08
[29] Trukhachev, A. V. 2016. Conceptual bases of the state policy of development of rural tourism in the Russian Federation: dis. Doctor of Economics: 08.00.05. Economics and management of national economy. Saint-Petersburg. 341p. Available at: https://www.dissercat.com/content/kontseptualnye-osnovy-gosudarstvennoi-politiki-razvitiya-selskogo-turizma-v-rossiiskoi-feder/cover
[30] Ulyankina, E. 2019. Get in touch with antiquity. Kazakhstanskaya Pravda. Available at: https://www.kazpravda.kz/ articles/view/soprikosnutsya-s-drevnostu
[31] Vaishar, A. and Šťastná, M. 2020. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural tourism in Czechia Preliminary considerations. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(2): 187-191. DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2020.1839027
[32] Yerzhanova, S. K. 2011. The Role of entrepreneurship in the development of rural tourism. Vestnik KarGU. Available at: https://articlekz.com/article/5586
[33] *** Aviapages. 2020. The most visited tourist destinations in the world. Retrieved. Available at: https://www.aviapages.ru/ docs/114-camye-poseschaemye-turisticheskie-napravleniya-v-mire
[34] *** El.kz. 2020. 17 historical sites of the country under the protection of UNESCO. Available at: https://el.kz/news/putesh estviepage/elimizdi-_yunesko_-or-auynda-y_tarikhi_17_nysany/
[35] *** EnergyProm. 2021. The pandemic is a killer of tourism. Available at: http://www.energyprom.kz/ru/a/monitoring/ pandemiya-ubijca-turizma-za-god-mirovoj-potok-inostrannyh-turistov-sokratilsya-srazu-pochti-vchetvero
[36] *** Gov.kz. 2021. Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Available at: https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/stat?lang=ru
[37] *** Handbook of Globalization and Tourism. 2019. Available at: https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/usd/handbook-of-globalisation-and-tourism-9781786431288.html
[38] *** History-akmola.kz. 2021. List of historical and cultural monuments of Akmola region. Available at: https://history-akmola.kz/ru/pages/akmola-oblysynin-tarihi-madeni-eskertkishter-tizimi
[39] *** Inform.kz. 2019. Akmola region identified main directions of Tourism Development. Available at: https://www.inform.kz/kz/akmola-oblysynda-turizm-salasyn-damytudyn-negizgi-bagyttary-anyktaldy_a3507404
[40] *** Kazinform. 2017. The list of sacred objects of Kazakhstan has been updated, 10.11.2017. Available at: https://www.inform.kz/ru/obnovlen-spisok-sakral-nyh-ob-ektov-kazahstana_a3084017
[41] *** Qansonar.com. 2019. The fifth regional dog show was held in the Osakarovsky district of the Karaganda region. Available at: https://qansonar.com/dogbreeding/385-pyatyj-regionalnyj-smotr-sobak-proshel-v-osakarovskom-rajone-karagandinskoj-oblasti
[42] *** Stat.gov.kz. 2019. Strategic planning of the Republic of Kazakhstan National Bureau of Statistics and reform. Available at: agency. www.stat.gov.kz
[43] *** The impact of COVID-19 on tourism. 2020. Available at: https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2020-08/UN-Tourism-Policy-Brief-Visuals.pdf
[44] *** UNWTO. 2019. Resource efficiency in tourism. Available at: https://www.unwto.org/sustainable-development/resource-efficiency-in-tourism
[45] *** Uvp-akmo.gov.kz. 2021. A unique family wellness center has appeared in the Birzhan Sal district of Akmola region. Available at: http://uvp-akmo.gov.kz/content/unikalynyy-semeynyy-ozdorovitelynyy-centr-poyavilsya-v-rayone-birghan
[2] Abilda, K. 2021. It started with Balkhash. Available at: https://egemen.kz/article/289989-balqashtan-bastau-aldy
[3] Alexandrova, A. Yu. 2012. Modern scientific principles of organization of rural tourism. Rural tourism and sustainable development of rural areas, Collection of reports of the Congress, 1st International Forum "Rural tourism in Russia", Altai Krai - M., p. 200.
[4] Bagrova, A. 2019. An unusual record was set on Saturday by the craftsmen of the Zhanaarkinsky district of the Karaganda region - they whipped 10 thousand liters of qymyz right in the open air. Available at: https://ru.sputnik.kz/tags/keyword_kumys/
[5] Gavrilă-Paven, I., Bârsan, M. C., and Dogaru, L. D. 2015. Advantages and Limits for Tourism Development in Rural Area. Case Study Ampoi and Mureş Valleys. Procedia Economics and Finance, 32: 1050 – 1059. DOI: 10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01567-1
[6] Gössling, S., Scott, D., and Hall, C. M. 2021. Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29 (1): 1-20. DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
[7] Hall, C.M. 2019. Biological Invasion, Biosecurity, Tourism, and Globalisation. Handbook Chapter, Social and Political, pp.114–125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786431295.00019
[8] Hall, C.M., Scott D., and Gössling, S. 2020. Pandemics, transformations and tourism: be careful what you wish for. Tourism Geographies, 22 (3): 577-598. DOI: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1759131
[9] Hallaj, Z., Bijani, M., Abbasi, E., Valizadeh, N., and Mohammadi, M. 2022. Tourism Development during the Pandemic of Coronavirus (COVID-19): Evidence from Iran. Front Public Health, 29, 10: 881381. DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2022.881381
[10] Ioannides, D., and Gyimóthy, S. 2020. The COVID-19 crisis as an opportunity for escaping the unsustainable global tourism path. Tourism Geographies, 22 (3): 624-632. DOI: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1763445
[11] Iskakova, K. A., Aktymbaeva, A.S., and Zhakupova, A. A. 2016. Conceptual approaches in the organization of rural tourism (world experience). Group-global.org. Available at: https://clck.ru/33WhBV
[12] Kantar, S., and Svržnjak, K. 2017. Development of Sustainable Rural Tourism. Deturope - The Central European Journal of Tourism and Regional Development. Available at: https://www.deturope.eu/pdfs/det/2017/01/03.pdf
[13] Katkova, E. 2020. How the coronavirus is changing the global tourism industry. Vedomosti. Available at: https://www.vedomosti.ru/partner/articles/2020/12/20/851707-antivirus-puteshestvii
[14] Kurmangaliyev, S. G. 2016. The tourism potential of Kazakhstan is stable. Available at: https://kapital.kz/economic/48625/ sel-skiy-turizm-mozhet-stat-istochnikom-stabil-nogo-dokhoda.html
[15] Kuščer, K., Eichelberger, S. and Peters, M. 2021. Tourism organizations’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: an investigation of the lockdown period. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(2): 247-260. DOI:10.1080/13683500.2021.1928010
[16] Leković, K., Tomić, S., Marić, D., and Ćurčić, N. V. 2020. Cognitive Component of the Image of a Rural Tourism Destination as a Sustainable Development Potential. Sustainability, 12, 22, 9413. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229413
[17] Marques, C. P., Guedes, A., and Bento, R. 2021. Rural tourism recovery between two COVID-19 waves: the case of Portugal. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(6): 857-863. DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2021.1910216
[18] Mukhamedzhanova, A. 2021. The festival of nomadic culture started in the Karaganda region. Available at: https://www.inform.kz/ru/festival-kochevoy-kul-tury-startoval-v-karagandinskoy-oblasti_a3801386
[19] Polukhina, A., et al. 2021. The Concept of Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in the Face of COVID-19 Crisis: Evidence from Russia. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14, 1: 38. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14010038
[20] Sakenova, S. and Khassenkhanova, G. 2021. Nomadic Culture of Saryarka festival in Karagandy comes to end. Available at: https://jjtv.kz/en/news/society/14660-nomadic-culture-of-saryarka-festival-in-karagandy-comes-to-end
[21] Sarsenbayuly, Zh. 2021. Reflection of nomadic culture. Available at: https://ortalyq.kz/k-shpeli-m-deniet-k-rinisi/
[22] Sharma, G. D., Thomas, A., and Paul, J. 2021. Reviving tourism industry post-COVID-19: A resilience-based framework. Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 100786. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100786
[23] Shostka, V. I. 2015. Prospects of development of rural green, ecological and ethnographic types of tourism in Crimea. Modern problems of service and tourism, No. 1. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/perspektivy-razvitiya-selskogo-zelenogo-ekologicheskogo-i-etnograficheskogo-vidov-turizma-v-krymu
[24] Shumakova, O. V., Kosenchuk, O. V., Novikov, Yu. I., and Nardin, D. S. 2015. Agrotourism as a promising direction of rural development in the Omsk region. Modern Problems of Science and Education. № 2-1. Available at: http://www.science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=20294
[25] Strokova, A. 2017. Kings of the Bronze Age. Industrial Karaganda. Available at: http://inkaraganda.kz/articles/145284
[26] Strokova, A. 2021. The festival "Nomadic culture of Saryarka" starts in the Karaganda region. Available at: http://ekaraganda.kz/?mod=news_read&id=107067
[27] Tleubayeva, A. 2018. Rural Tourism as One of the Priority Factors for Sustainable Development of Rural Territories in Kazakhstan. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 6(30): 1312 – 1326. DOI:10.14505/jemt.v9.6(30).21
[28] Tleubayeva, A.T. 2019. Ethno-Cultural Factors Influencing the Development of Rural Tourism in Kazakhstan. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 4(36): 772 - 787. DOI:10.14505/jemt.v10.4(36).08
[29] Trukhachev, A. V. 2016. Conceptual bases of the state policy of development of rural tourism in the Russian Federation: dis. Doctor of Economics: 08.00.05. Economics and management of national economy. Saint-Petersburg. 341p. Available at: https://www.dissercat.com/content/kontseptualnye-osnovy-gosudarstvennoi-politiki-razvitiya-selskogo-turizma-v-rossiiskoi-feder/cover
[30] Ulyankina, E. 2019. Get in touch with antiquity. Kazakhstanskaya Pravda. Available at: https://www.kazpravda.kz/ articles/view/soprikosnutsya-s-drevnostu
[31] Vaishar, A. and Šťastná, M. 2020. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural tourism in Czechia Preliminary considerations. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(2): 187-191. DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2020.1839027
[32] Yerzhanova, S. K. 2011. The Role of entrepreneurship in the development of rural tourism. Vestnik KarGU. Available at: https://articlekz.com/article/5586
[33] *** Aviapages. 2020. The most visited tourist destinations in the world. Retrieved. Available at: https://www.aviapages.ru/ docs/114-camye-poseschaemye-turisticheskie-napravleniya-v-mire
[34] *** El.kz. 2020. 17 historical sites of the country under the protection of UNESCO. Available at: https://el.kz/news/putesh estviepage/elimizdi-_yunesko_-or-auynda-y_tarikhi_17_nysany/
[35] *** EnergyProm. 2021. The pandemic is a killer of tourism. Available at: http://www.energyprom.kz/ru/a/monitoring/ pandemiya-ubijca-turizma-za-god-mirovoj-potok-inostrannyh-turistov-sokratilsya-srazu-pochti-vchetvero
[36] *** Gov.kz. 2021. Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Available at: https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/stat?lang=ru
[37] *** Handbook of Globalization and Tourism. 2019. Available at: https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/usd/handbook-of-globalisation-and-tourism-9781786431288.html
[38] *** History-akmola.kz. 2021. List of historical and cultural monuments of Akmola region. Available at: https://history-akmola.kz/ru/pages/akmola-oblysynin-tarihi-madeni-eskertkishter-tizimi
[39] *** Inform.kz. 2019. Akmola region identified main directions of Tourism Development. Available at: https://www.inform.kz/kz/akmola-oblysynda-turizm-salasyn-damytudyn-negizgi-bagyttary-anyktaldy_a3507404
[40] *** Kazinform. 2017. The list of sacred objects of Kazakhstan has been updated, 10.11.2017. Available at: https://www.inform.kz/ru/obnovlen-spisok-sakral-nyh-ob-ektov-kazahstana_a3084017
[41] *** Qansonar.com. 2019. The fifth regional dog show was held in the Osakarovsky district of the Karaganda region. Available at: https://qansonar.com/dogbreeding/385-pyatyj-regionalnyj-smotr-sobak-proshel-v-osakarovskom-rajone-karagandinskoj-oblasti
[42] *** Stat.gov.kz. 2019. Strategic planning of the Republic of Kazakhstan National Bureau of Statistics and reform. Available at: agency. www.stat.gov.kz
[43] *** The impact of COVID-19 on tourism. 2020. Available at: https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2020-08/UN-Tourism-Policy-Brief-Visuals.pdf
[44] *** UNWTO. 2019. Resource efficiency in tourism. Available at: https://www.unwto.org/sustainable-development/resource-efficiency-in-tourism
[45] *** Uvp-akmo.gov.kz. 2021. A unique family wellness center has appeared in the Birzhan Sal district of Akmola region. Available at: http://uvp-akmo.gov.kz/content/unikalynyy-semeynyy-ozdorovitelynyy-centr-poyavilsya-v-rayone-birghan
Published
2023-03-31
How to Cite
TLEUBAYEVA, Aitolkyn et al.
Features of Rural Tourism as an Element of Kazakh Culture during the Pandemic Syndrome.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 14, n. 2, p. 398 - 416, mar. 2023.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/7689>. Date accessed: 09 may 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v14.2(66).10.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2025 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2025. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.