The Impact of Marketing Mix Elements on Tourist's Satisfaction towards Five Stars Hotel Services in Dubai during COVID-19
Abstract
Purpose: Tourist satisfaction measures the prosperity of a business and tourism sector. If there are many satisfied tourists, the tourism sector will profit, but if there are many less satisfied tourists, the tourism sector will lose money. Therefore, it is necessary to know the factors that affect tourist satisfaction. This study aims to develop and implement a method for five-star hotels to identify attributes that will increase tourists' satisfaction during the pandemic.
Method: The study used 100 tourists in Dubai as respondents who were selected randomly at five-star hotels. The results showed no impact of all marketing mix elements on tourist satisfaction except the physical evidence of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Outcomes: The results of this study indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic influenced five-star hotel services in Dubai and that the marketing mix elements used by the hotels are an important factor in tourist satisfaction. In conclusion, Dubai must understand the importance of a marketing mix to fulfil tourist satisfaction and improve the service that makes it more significant in the tourism industry.
Originality: Numerous modifying variables impacting the management process have been examined in the literature on complaint management. It is the first study investigating the five-star hotel in Dubai to check the operative services on how to work on tourist satisfaction and determine the impact of marketing mix elements on tourism during the pandemic.
References
[2] Aburumman, A. A. 2020. COVID-19 impact and survival strategy in business tourism market: the example of the UAE MICE industry. Humanities and social sciences communications, 7(1): 1-11. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-00630-8
[3] Al Fahmawee, E.A.D., and Jawabreh, O. 2023. Sustainability of Green Tourism by International Tourists and its Impact on Green Environmental Achievement: Petra Heritage, Jordan. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 46(1): 20–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.46101-99x
[4] Ali, Bayad and Anwar, G. 2021. Marketing Strategy: Pricing strategies and its influence on consumer purchasing decision. International journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research, 5(2): 26-39.
[5] Alrabei, A. M. 2021. The Influence of Accounting Information Systems in Enhancing the Efficiency of Internal Control at Jordanian Commercial Banks. Journal of Management Information and Decision Sciences, 24, Special Issue 1. DOI: https://doi.org/1532-5806-24-S1-101
[6] Alrabei, A. M., et al. 2022. The Impact of Mobile Payment on the Financial Inclusion Rates. Information Sciences Letters, 11 (4): 1033-1044.
[7] Alsarayreh, M.N., Jawabreh, O.A.A., Alkharabsheh, K.S. and Aldahamsheh, M.M. 2011. Tourism promotion through the internet (Websites) (Jordan as a case study). Asian Social Science, 7(6): 125-135.
[8] Anderson, E. W., Fornell, C., and Lehmann, D. R. 1994. Customer Satisfaction, Market Share, and Profitability: Findings from Sweden. Journal of Marketing, 58(3): 53–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1252310
[9] Anderson, J. C., and Gerbing, D. W. 1988. Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3): 411–423. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
[10] Astary, Y. and Kodrat, D. 2021. “The Effect of Promotion Mix on the Purchasing Decisions of Kaluna Living Pillows with Brand Awareness as an Intervening Variable" in International Conference on Entrepreneurship (ICOEN), KnE Social Sciences, pages 415–428. DOI: 10.18502/kss. v5i5.8829
[11] Azhar, M. E., Jufrizen, Prayogi, M. A., and Sari, M. 2019. The Role of Marketing Mix and Service Quality on Tourist Satisfaction and Loyalty at Samosir. Independent Journal of Management & Production, 10(5).
[12] Bagozzi, R. and Yi, Y. 1988. On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Sciences, 16: 74-94. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
[13] Boddewyn, J.J., and Grosse, R. 1995. American marketing in european union: standardization's uneven progress. European Journal of Marketing, 29(12): 23-42.
[14] Bunghez, C. L. 2020. Marketing Strategies of Travel Agencies: A Quantitative Approach. Sustainability, 12(24): 10660. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410660
[15] Chin, W.W. 2010. How to Write Up and Report PLS Analyses. In: Esposito Vinzi, V., Chin, W.W., Henseler, J. and Wang, H., Eds., Handbook of Partial Least Squares: Concepts, Methods and Applications, Springer, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, London, New York, 655-690. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_29
[16] Cônsoli, M.A. and Fava Neves, M. 2008. A method for building new marketing channels: The case of "door‐to‐door" in dairy products. Direct Marketing: An International Journal, 2(3): 174-185. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1108/17505930810899320
[17] Dawi, N. M., Jusoh, A., Streimikis, J., and Mardani, A. 2018. The influence of service quality on customer satisfaction and customer behavioral intentions by moderating role of switching barriers in satellite pay T.V. market. Economics and Sociology, 11(4): 198–218.
[18] De Toni, D., Milan, G. S., Saciloto, E. B., and Larentis, F. 2017. Pricing strategies and levels and their impact on corporate profitability. Revista de Administração (São Paulo), 52: 120-133.
[19] DelVecchio, D., Henard, D. H., and Freling, T. H. 2006. The effect of sales promotion on post-promotion brand preference: A meta-analysis. Journal of Retailing, 82(3): 203-213.
[20] Doaa S., Tawfik, Y., Samy, M. and Artal-Tur, A. 2017. A new marketing mix model to rescue the hospitality industry: Evidence from Egypt after the Arab Spring. Future Business Journal, 3(1): 47-69. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbj.2017.01.004
[21] Dogan Gursoy and Chi, C.G. 2020. Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on hospitality industry: review of the current situations and a research agenda. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 29(5): 527-529. DOI: 10.1080/19368623.2020.1788231
[22] Dube, K., Nhamo, G. and Chikodzi, D. 2021. COVID-19 cripples’ global restaurant and hospitality industry. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(11): 1487-1490.
[23] Fehrer, J.A., Baker, J.J. and Carroll, C.E. 2022. The role of public relations in shaping service ecosystems for social change. Journal of Service Management, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-01-2022-0044
[24] Furtado, A., Ramos, R.F., Maia, B. and Costa, J.M. 2022. Predictors of Hotel Clients' Satisfaction in the Cape Verde Islands. Sustainability, 14: 2677. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052677
[25] Gato, M., Dias, Á., Pereira, L. and da Costa, R.L. 2022. Gonçalves, R. Marketing Communication and Creative Tourism: An Analysis of the Local Destination Management Organization. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex., 8, 40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8010040
[26] Götz, O., Liehr-Gobbers, K., and Krafft, M. 2010. Evaluation of Structural Equation Models Using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) Approach. In: Esposito Vinzi, V., Chin, W., Henseler, J., Wang, H. (eds) Handbook of Partial Least Squares. Springer Handbooks of Computational Statistics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_30
[27] Hair, J. F. and Ringle, C. M. and Sarstedt, M. 2013. Editorial - Partial Least Squares: The Better Approach to Structural Equation Modeling? Long Range Planning, 45(5-6): 312-319. DOI: 10.1016/j.lrp.2012.09.011
[28] Hair, J., Ringle, C. and Sarstedt, M. 2011. PLS-SEM: Indeed, a Silver Bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19: 139-151.DOI: https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
[29] Henry, E., Ndolo, G. and Igbara, F. 2021. The Role of Public Relation in Building Corporate Image: A Study of First Bank of Nigeria Plc, Calabar (August 13, 2021). Contemporary Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 1: 64 – 72. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3904793
[30] Ho, G.K., and Law, R. 2020. Marketing Strategies in the Decision-Making Process for Undergraduate Choice in Pursuit of Hospitality and Tourism Higher Education: The Case of Hong Kong. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 1-13.
[31] Intan, A. 2020. The Effect of Marketing Mix (Product, Price, Place and Process) on Students' Desire to Recommend Lectures in Tourism Academy of NHI Bandung. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 3(4): 3933-3948.
[32] Isa, H. M. 2015. The 7P "s marketing mix and retail bank customer satisfaction in North East Nigeria: British Journal of Marketing Studies, 3(3): 71-88.
[33] Išoratiė, M. 2015. Analysis of marketing mix: Nivea case study. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 3(2): 173-185. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2015.3.2(5)
[34] Jahmani, A. 2017. The Effect of Riyal Jordanian Airlines Services. International Journal of Business and Society, 18(S3): 519-530.
[35] Jahmani, A., Bourini, I., and Jawabreh, O. A. 2020. The relationship between service quality, client satisfaction, perceived value and client loyalty: a case study of Fly Emirates. Cuadernos de Turismo, 45: 219–238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/turismo.426101
[36] Jasmani, J., and Sunarsi, D. 2020. The Influence of Product Mix, Promotion Mix and Brand Image on Consumer Purchasing Decisions of Sari Roti Products in South Tangerang. PINISI Discretion Review, 1(1): 165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26858/pdr.v1i1.13409
[37] Jawabreh, O. 2020. Innovation Management in Hotels Industry in Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority; Hotel Classification and Administration as a Moderator. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 32(4): 1362–1369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.32425-581
[38] Jawabreh, O., Masa’deh, R., Mahmoud, R. and Hamasha, S.A. 2020. Factors Influencing the Employees Service Performances in Hospitality Industry Case Study Aqaba Five Stars Hotel. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 29(2): 649–661. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.29221-496
[39] Jawabreh, O., Masa'deh, R., Fayoumi, T.A., and Bareya, A. 2022b. Customer Satisfaction towards Communication Skills of Front Office Staff at the Hotel (Case Study Five Stars Hotels in Aqaba). GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 44(4): 1312–1318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.44416-948
[40] Jawabreh, O.A.A, Al Fahmawee, E.A.D.H., Alshatnawi E., and Alananzeh O. 2022a. The Importance of Religious Tourism for Development of Sustainable Tourism: The Case of the Baptism Site in Jordan. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 4(60): 909-924.
[41] Jawabreh, O.A.A. 2021. Tourists and Local Community of the Case Study Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA). GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 35(2): 490–498. DOI:https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.35229-676
[42] Jawabreh, Omar A. A. 2017. Distinction of Jordan as a destination for religious tourism, Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 6(22): 1171 – 1182. DOI: 10.14505/jemt.v8.6(22).03
[43] Jaya, I, K., Indiani, N, L, P., and Rusmiati, N. N. 2020. The Influence of Hotel Marketing Mix on Tourists' Revisit Intention. Warmadewa Management and Business Journal, 2(1): 84-91.
[44] Kim, Y.-J. and Kim, H.-S. 2022. The Impact of Hotel Customer Experience on Customer Satisfaction through Online Reviews. Sustainability, 14: 848. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020848
[45] Lamb, C. W Jr, et al. 2007. Marketing. 2nd South African edition. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, p. 7.
[46] Magatef, S. G. 2015. The impact of tourism marketing mix elements on the satisfaction of inbound tourists to Jordan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 6(7): 41-58.
[47] Martens, H. M., and Reiser, D. 2017. Analyzing the image of Abu Dhabi and Dubai as tourism destinations–The perception of first-time visitors from Germany. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 19(1): 54-64.
[48] Masadeh, R., et al. 2019. The association among employee's communication skills, image formation and tourist behaviour: perceptions of hospitality management students in Jordan. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 13(3): 257–272. DOI: 10.1108/ijcthr-02-2018-0028
[49] Mubarok, S., Santoso, B. and Wiwin, B. 2020. The Influence of Service Marketing Mix to Hotel Occupation Rateand Brand Image as Moderator Variable. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research (IJMSR), 8(11): 34-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0349.0811005
[50] Múgica, J., and Berné, C. 2020. Direct and Indirect Tourism Online Channels. Do They Have a Different Potential for Customer Loyalty? Sustainability, 12(11): 4761. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114761
[51] Nicola, M., et al. 2020. The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): a review. International Journal of Surgery, 78: 185–193.
[52] Nonthapota, S. and Thomyaa, W. 2020. The effect of the marketing mixes on the demand of Thai and foreign tourists. Management Science Letters, 10: 2437–2446.
[53] Norsyaheera A. W., et al. 2016. The Relationship between Marketing Mix and Customer Loyalty in Hijab Industry: The Mediating Effect of Customer Satisfaction. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37: 366-371. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30138-1
[54] Orîndaru, A. et al. 2021. Tourism in a Post-COVID-19 Era: Sustainable Strategies for Industry's Recovery. Sustainability, 13(12): 6781. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126781
[55] Palmer, J., Eidson, V., Haliemun, C. and Wiewel, P. 2011. Predictors of positive and negative word of mouth of university students: strategic implications for institutions of higher education. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(7): 59-62.
[56] Perčić, K., and Perić, N. 2021. The Effectiveness of Direct Marketing Media Regarding Attitudes of Different Target Groups of Consumers in Serbia. Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences, 29(1): 21–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3311/PPso.13616
[57] Pereira, L. and Almeida, P. 2014. Marketing and promotion in the hotel industry: A case study in family hotel and hotel group. Tourism and Hospitality International Journal, 2(1): 92-105.
[58] Qazi, T. F., Muzaffar, S., Khan, A. A. and Basit, A. 2021. Offer to Buy: The Effectiveness of Sales Promotional Tools towards Purchase Intention. Bulletin of Business and Economics, 10(3): 33-42.
[59] Razak, I., Nirwanto, N., and Triatmanto, B. 2016. The impact of product quality and price on customer satisfaction with the mediator of customer value. IISTE: Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research, 30: 59-68.
[60] Rodríguez-Antón, J. M., and Alonso-Almeida, M. del M. 2020. COVID-19 Impacts and Recovery Strategies: The Case of the Hospitality Industry in Spain. Sustainability, 12(20): 8599. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208599
[61] Romdony, J., et al. 2019. Factors Affecting Customer Loyalty in Products. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 337-343.
[62] Saleh, M. M. A., and Jawabreh, O. A. A. 2020. Role of Environmental Awareness in The Application of Environmental Accounting Disclosure in Tourism and Hotel Companies and Its Impact On Investor'S Decisions in Amman Stock Exchange. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 10(2): 417–426. DOI: 10.32479/ijeep.8608
[63] Salman, D., Tawfik, Y., Samy, M., and Artal-Tur, A. 2017. A new marketing mix model to rescue the hospitality industry: Evidence from Egypt after the Arab Spring. Future Business Journal, 3(1): 47-69. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbj.2017.01.004
[64] Sarker, M. A. H., Aimin, W., and Begum, S. 2012. Investigating the impact of marketing mix elements on tourists' satisfaction: An empirical study on East Lake. European journal of business and management, 4(7): 273-282.
[65] Simangunsong, B., Sitompul, D., and Sadalia, I. 2018. The Effect of Marketing Mix on Loyalty through Customer Satisfaction in PT. Merck Tbk Cabang Medan. KnE Social Sciences, 3(10). DOI:https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i10.3397
[66] Siswi, A. A., and Wahyono, W. 2020. The Role of Customer Satisfaction in Increasing Customer Loyalty. Management Analysis Journal, 9(1): 17-25.
[67] Soliku, O. et al. 2021. Tourism amid COVID-19 pandemic: impacts and implications for building resilience in the eco-tourism sector in Ghana's Savannah region. Heliyon, 7(9). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07892
[68] Souar, Y., Mahi, K. and Ameur, I. 2015. The Impact of Marketing Mix Elements on Customer Loyalty for an Algerian Telecommunication Company. Expert Journal of Marketing, 3(1): 1-10.
[69] Stefan, N., Birkenfeld, A.L. and Schulze, M.B. 2021. Global pandemics interconnected — obesity, impaired metabolic health and COVID-19. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 17: 135–149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-020-00462-1
[70] Thalib, S. 2015. The Effect of Services Marketing Mix and Customer Value on Satisfaction, Trust, and Loyalty. International Journal of Advanced Research, 3(9): 935- 949.
[71] Untu, V. N. and Tielung, M. V. 2021. Marketing mix effect on customer satisfaction on the tourism in Tomohon city. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 9(1): 25–36. DOI:doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah. v9.i1.2021.2870
[72] Wilkie, W. L. and Moo, E.S. 2007. What Does the Definition of Marketing Tell Us About Ourselves? Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 26 (2): 269–276.
[73] Zhao H, Yao X, Liu Z and Yang Q. 2021. Impact of Pricing and Product Information on Consumer Buying Behavior with Customer Satisfaction in a Mediating Role. Front. Psychol. 12: 720151. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720151
[74] Zhou, X. and Chen, W. 2021. The Impact of Informatization on the Relationship between the Tourism Industry and Regional Economic Development. Sustainability, 13, 9399. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169399
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.