Biofuel Production from Animal Waste in Northeastern of Libya: Experimental and Simulation Investigations
Abstract
The increasing energy demand and the associated environmental pollution have attracted research in renewable energy production from organic resources and waste. Renewable energy resources can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to energy security. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an environmentally friendly and effective technique for producing biogas from biomass. This biogas can be used to generate electricity, produce process heat and other energy uses. The Aspen Plus simulation model was used for the AD process for biogas production in this work, with an experiment for anaerobic digestion tank design. The effects of temperature and hydrogen flow at work, the acid content of raw materials, and the operating pressure on biogas production products were analyzed and optimized. The optimum production level for biomethane was 75 liters at the feed flow rate of 20%, a hydrogen flow rate of 180 liters/day, the pressure of 2.5 bar, pH value of 7, and the operating temperature value of 50°C.From the experiment, the results indicated that biofuels could be produced with a cumulative rate of 564.3 m3 and a daily production rate of 18.81 m3 from animal waste.
References
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[2] Chen, L., and Neibling, H. 2014. Anaerobic Digestion Basics (Moscow: University of Idaho Extension).
[3] Cho, Y., and Young, G. 2018. Modeling the Performance of Fixed-Film Anaerobic Reactors, 792: 1949.
[4] Clark, B. and Rogoff, M. 2010. Economic feasibility of a plasma arc gasification plant, city of Marion, Iowa. Paper presented at the 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference, May 11-13th, In Orlando, Florida, USA.
[5] Deublein, D., and Steinhauser, A. 2011. Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources: An introduction, 2nd Revised and Expanded Edition, Willey Online Library.
[6] el, C., Custudio, O., Tongco, E., and Tiangco, C.C. 2006. Promotion of Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Green House Gas Abatement (PREGA) Philippines Waste to energy Project. Tech. rep., Pineapple Processing Waste Biomethanation and Treatment Plant A Prefeasibility study report, prepared by PREGA National Technical Experts from CPI Energy Philippines.
[7] Elmnifi, M., Alshilmany, M., and Abdraba, M. 2018. Potential of Municipal Solid Waste In Libya For Energy Utilization. Open Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2(2): 01-05. DOI: 10.26480/ojme.02.2018.01.05
[8] Elmnifi, M., Amhamed, M., Abdelwanis, N., and Imrayed, O. 2017. Waste-to-energy potential in tripoli city-libya. Environment & Ecosystem Science, 2(1): 01-03. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26480/ees.01.2018.01.03
[9] Gebril, A.O., Omran, A., Pakir, A.K., and Aziz, H.A. 2010. Municipal solid waste management in Benghazi (LIBYA): Current practices and challenges. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 9(9): 1289-1296. DOI: 10.30638/eemj.2010.167
[10] Ghorbanian, M., Lupitskyy, R.M., Satyavolu, J.V., and Eric Berson, R. 2014. Impact of supplemental hydrogen on biogas enhancement and substrate removal efficiency in a two-stage expanded granular sludge bed reactor. Environmental Engineering Sciences, 31(5): 253–60. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2013.0496
[11] Giuliano, A., et al. 2013. Co-digestion of livestock effluents, energy crops and agro-waste: feeding and process optimization in mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Bioresource Technology, 128: 612-618. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.002
[12] Gotmare, M., Dhoble, R., and Pittule, A. 2011. Biomethanation of dairy wastewater through UASB at mesophilic temperature range. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 8 (1): 001–009. DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-2868
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[14] Iqbal, S.A., Rahaman, S., Rahman, M., and Yousuf, A. 2014. Anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste to produce biogas. Proccess Engineering, 90: 657-62. DOI: 10.1016/J.PROENG.2014.11.787
[15] Lim, S.J. 2011. Comparisons between the UASB and the EGSB reactor, Iowa State University Publications, 17 (1969): 1–17.
[16] Luo, G., and Irini, A. 2012. Integrated biogas upgrading and hydrogen utilization in an anaerobic reactor containing enriched hydrogenotrophic methanogenic culture. Biotechnol Bioeng, 109(11): 2729-36. DOI:10.1002/bit.24557
[17] Lusk, P. 1998. Methane Recovery from Animal Manures the Current Opportunities Casebook, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Resource Development Associates Washington, DC, September, p. 1-150.
[18] Malakahmad, A., Md Zain, S., and Basri, N.E.A. 2012. Biomethanation of kitchen waste and sewage sludge in anaerobic baffled reactor. Paper presented at the 2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research, June 24-27, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
[19] Meegoda, J.N., Brain, L., Patel, K., and Wang, L.B. 2018. A review of the processes, parameters, and optimization of anaerobic digestion. International Environmetal Research of Public Health, 15(10): 2224. DOI:10.3390/ijerph15102224
[20] Moriarty, K. 2013. Feasibility Study of Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste in St. Bernard, Louisiana, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Resource Development Associates Washington, DC, January.
[21] Omran, A., and Gebril, A.O. 2018. Municipal Solid Waste Management Practices in the Central Part of Libya. Chapter in a Book, The Impact of Climate Change on Our Life. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7748-7_8
[22] Omran, A., Alsadey, S., and Gavrilescu, M. 2011. Municipal solid waste management in Bani Walid City, Libya: Practices and challenges. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, II (2): 228-237
[23] Omran, A., Altawati, M., and Davis, G. 2018. Identifying municipal solid waste management opportunities in Al-Bayda City, Libya, Environment Development and Sustainability, 20(4). DOI: 10.1007/s10668-017-9955-3
[24] Rouse, S. 2013. Precise Biogas Flow Measurement: Overcoming the Challenges of Changing Gas Composition, Sierra Instruments, Monterey.
[25] Saunois M., et al. 2020. The Global Methane Budget 2000–2017. Earth System Sciences Data, 12: 1561–1623. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1561-2020
[26] Zupančič, G., and Grilc; V. 2012. Anaerobic Treatment and Biogas Production from Organic Waste, in Management of Organic Waste, S. Kumar, Ed. Slovenia: In Tech, p. 198.
[27] Aspen Technology, Inc. 2010. ASPEN Plus—Getting Started Modeling Processes with Solids, V10.2, Aspen Technology, Inc.: Bedford, MA, USA.
[28] Greater London Authority 2018. Cost of Incineration and Non- Incineration Energy-from-waste-technologies, Tech. rep. Available at: http://legacy.london.gov.uk/mayor/environment/waste/docs/efwtechnologiesreport.pdf
[29] Metro Waste Authority. Strategic Business Plan, 2012–2013. Metro Waste Authority, Tech. rep. Available at: https://www.mwatoday.com/webres/File/2021-2022%20Strategic%20Business%20Plan.pdf
Published
2023-03-10
How to Cite
ELMNIFI, Monaem et al.
Biofuel Production from Animal Waste in Northeastern of Libya: Experimental and Simulation Investigations.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 14, n. 1, p. 67 - 81, mar. 2023.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/7630>. Date accessed: 19 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v14.1(65).07.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.