Analysis of Spatial Concentration of Accommodation Establishments Using Machine Learning Techniques and Spatial Analysis Tools
Abstract
Tourism as an economic activity is influenced by social dynamics that can be measured by spatial analysis processes where phenomena such as concentration, trajectory and extension are evidenced, which can guide policy makers effectively for decision-making. In this document, the results of a study of spatial analysis of the concentration of accommodation establishments in the department of Boyacá, Colombia are presented in order to identify the correlation that exists between the territorial concentration, the natural attractions of the department and the type of establishment. It was found that there is evidence of a strong concentration in five clusters associated with three municipalities of the department's offer, however it is observed that statistically there is a high level of dispersion of the establishments explained by the road corridors and a growing development towards the natural attractions which are not fully covered by the current offer.
References
[1] Alem, F. 2006. Importance of MSMEs in Business Agglomerations: A Strategy for Regional Development in Colombia. Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas: Investigación y Reflexión, 14(1): 173–186.
[2] Álvarez, F. J., et al. 2006. Agglomeration economy: cognitive distance in the creation of a company. Morea, Francisco y Fornoni, Mariel, (Eds.) La Formación de Emprendedores Como Clave Para El Desarrollo, 203–214.
[3] Avella, J., et al. 2019. Boyacá in Figures.
[4] De Siano, R., & Canale, R. R. 2022. Controversial effects of tourism on economic growth: A spatial analysis on Italian provincial data. Land Use Policy, 117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106081
[5] Garofoli, G. 1995. Economic development, organization of production and territory. Desarrollo Económico Local En Europa, 113–123.
[6] Hua, H., & Wondirad, A. 2021. Tourism network in urban agglomerated destinations: Implications for sustainable tourism destination development through a critical literature review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(1): 1–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010285
[7] Kang, J., Guo, X., Fang, L., Wang, X., & Fan, Z. 2022. Integration of Internet search data to predict tourism trends using spatial-temporal XGBoost composite model. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 36(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2021.1934476
[8] Kaushal, V., & Srivastava, S. 2020. Hospitality and tourism industry amid COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives on challenges and learnings from India. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 92.
[9] Kim, R., Williams, A., Park, S., & Chen, J. 2020. Spatial spillovers of agglomeration economies and productivity in the tourism industry: The case of the UK. Tourism Management, 82.
[10] Lanlan, L., & Qiang, Y. 2017. Spatial econometric analysis of the relationship between Chinese tourism industry agglomeration and economic growth. Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech, 28(1): 2754–2758.
[11] Ma, X., Yang, Z., & Zheng, J. 2022. Analysis of spatial patterns and driving factors of provincial tourism demand in China. Scientific Reports, 12(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-04895-8
[12] Manrique, O. L. 2006. Agglomeration Economies in the Context of the New Economic Geography. Cuadernos de Economía, XXV(45): 53–73.
[13] Martí, F., & Muñoz, C. 2009. Business location and agglomeration economies: the debate around spatial aggregation. Investigaciones Regionales, 15: 139–166.
[14] Mitchell, A. 2005. The ESRI guide to GIS analysis: Geographic patterns & relationships. In Geographic Information System at Work in the Community (Vol. 2).
[15] Qiangyuan, C., Xinhua, G., & Tzung-Cheng, H. 2021. The spatial agglomeration productivity premium of hotel and catering enterprises. Cities: The International Journal of Urban Policy and Planning, 112.
[16] Ruiz, C. 2015. Metropolization and economic governance: bases for a proposal of economic analysis. Suma de Negocios, 6(13): 52–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sumneg.2015.04.003
[17] Semerena, I. E., & Olmos, I. L. 2005. Relationship between economic growth and external agglomeration economies in Mexico, 36: 131–153.
[18] Triviño, J. 2020. Evolution of The Tourism Sector and Its Impact on The Economic Growth of The Department of Boyacá.
[19] Trullén, J. 2002. The Barcelona economy and the generation of agglomeration economies: towards a new development model.
[20] UniMOOC. 2021. Aprendizaje supervisado: Algoritmos de clasificación y regresión.
[21] Villegas, J. E. V. 2009. The agglomeration processes in Colombia in the light of the new economic geography. Ensayos Sobre Politica Economica, 58(1): 106–139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32468/espe.5803
[22] Walle, R. E. 2017. Agglomeration Economies in the Context of the New Economic Geography. Revista Contribuciones a La Economia, June.
[23] Wang, Z., & Chen, Q. 2022. Comprehensive partitions and optimisation strategies based on tourism urbanisation and resources environment carrying capacity in the Yellow River Basin, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(16). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17498-z
[24] World Tourism Organization. 2021. Tourism Definitions.
[25] Zhou, B., Qu, H., & Li, N. 2016. How tourist attraction agglomeration affects a regional tourism economy. Tourism Analysis, 21(6): 603–616. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354216X14713487283129
[26] Zhou, H., & Cao, G. 2010. A Spatial Econometric Analysis of the Relationship betweenEconomic Clusters and Economic Growth: Evidence fromJiangsu Province. Contemporary Finance & Economics.
[2] Álvarez, F. J., et al. 2006. Agglomeration economy: cognitive distance in the creation of a company. Morea, Francisco y Fornoni, Mariel, (Eds.) La Formación de Emprendedores Como Clave Para El Desarrollo, 203–214.
[3] Avella, J., et al. 2019. Boyacá in Figures.
[4] De Siano, R., & Canale, R. R. 2022. Controversial effects of tourism on economic growth: A spatial analysis on Italian provincial data. Land Use Policy, 117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106081
[5] Garofoli, G. 1995. Economic development, organization of production and territory. Desarrollo Económico Local En Europa, 113–123.
[6] Hua, H., & Wondirad, A. 2021. Tourism network in urban agglomerated destinations: Implications for sustainable tourism destination development through a critical literature review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(1): 1–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010285
[7] Kang, J., Guo, X., Fang, L., Wang, X., & Fan, Z. 2022. Integration of Internet search data to predict tourism trends using spatial-temporal XGBoost composite model. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 36(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2021.1934476
[8] Kaushal, V., & Srivastava, S. 2020. Hospitality and tourism industry amid COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives on challenges and learnings from India. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 92.
[9] Kim, R., Williams, A., Park, S., & Chen, J. 2020. Spatial spillovers of agglomeration economies and productivity in the tourism industry: The case of the UK. Tourism Management, 82.
[10] Lanlan, L., & Qiang, Y. 2017. Spatial econometric analysis of the relationship between Chinese tourism industry agglomeration and economic growth. Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech, 28(1): 2754–2758.
[11] Ma, X., Yang, Z., & Zheng, J. 2022. Analysis of spatial patterns and driving factors of provincial tourism demand in China. Scientific Reports, 12(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-04895-8
[12] Manrique, O. L. 2006. Agglomeration Economies in the Context of the New Economic Geography. Cuadernos de Economía, XXV(45): 53–73.
[13] Martí, F., & Muñoz, C. 2009. Business location and agglomeration economies: the debate around spatial aggregation. Investigaciones Regionales, 15: 139–166.
[14] Mitchell, A. 2005. The ESRI guide to GIS analysis: Geographic patterns & relationships. In Geographic Information System at Work in the Community (Vol. 2).
[15] Qiangyuan, C., Xinhua, G., & Tzung-Cheng, H. 2021. The spatial agglomeration productivity premium of hotel and catering enterprises. Cities: The International Journal of Urban Policy and Planning, 112.
[16] Ruiz, C. 2015. Metropolization and economic governance: bases for a proposal of economic analysis. Suma de Negocios, 6(13): 52–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sumneg.2015.04.003
[17] Semerena, I. E., & Olmos, I. L. 2005. Relationship between economic growth and external agglomeration economies in Mexico, 36: 131–153.
[18] Triviño, J. 2020. Evolution of The Tourism Sector and Its Impact on The Economic Growth of The Department of Boyacá.
[19] Trullén, J. 2002. The Barcelona economy and the generation of agglomeration economies: towards a new development model.
[20] UniMOOC. 2021. Aprendizaje supervisado: Algoritmos de clasificación y regresión.
[21] Villegas, J. E. V. 2009. The agglomeration processes in Colombia in the light of the new economic geography. Ensayos Sobre Politica Economica, 58(1): 106–139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32468/espe.5803
[22] Walle, R. E. 2017. Agglomeration Economies in the Context of the New Economic Geography. Revista Contribuciones a La Economia, June.
[23] Wang, Z., & Chen, Q. 2022. Comprehensive partitions and optimisation strategies based on tourism urbanisation and resources environment carrying capacity in the Yellow River Basin, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(16). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17498-z
[24] World Tourism Organization. 2021. Tourism Definitions.
[25] Zhou, B., Qu, H., & Li, N. 2016. How tourist attraction agglomeration affects a regional tourism economy. Tourism Analysis, 21(6): 603–616. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354216X14713487283129
[26] Zhou, H., & Cao, G. 2010. A Spatial Econometric Analysis of the Relationship betweenEconomic Clusters and Economic Growth: Evidence fromJiangsu Province. Contemporary Finance & Economics.
Published
2022-12-31
How to Cite
PARRA, Helien; VALDERRAMA, Diana M. Ayala; MORENO, Sebastián.
Analysis of Spatial Concentration of Accommodation Establishments Using Machine Learning Techniques and Spatial Analysis Tools.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 13, n. 8, p. 2255 - 2262, dec. 2022.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/7504>. Date accessed: 27 july 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.13.8(64).18.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2025 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2025. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.