Criminal Responsibility for the Crime of Discharging Polluting Substances for Water Sources in Jordanian Legislation
Abstract
This research seeks to clarify the conditions of Criminal Responsibility for the Crime of Discharging Polluting Substances for Water Sources, as the research's dilemma is the lack of effective penal provisions that prevent the offender from committing the crime of discharging polluting substances for water sources. Several conclusions and recommendations have been reached as a consequence of this research, the most important of which is the need for Jordan's criminal legislator to establish deterrent legal provisions that lead to not committing the crime of discharging polluting substances for water sources so that as countries around the world strive to preserve the territorial waters from any environmental pollution, these countries imposed a penalty on those who pollute the regional waters in any way.
References
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[2] Al-Billeh, T. 2022. The Impact of the Comprehensive Ban Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Quality of Ambient Air in Jordan. Study for 15th March to 15th April of 2020 Period. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, (Volume XIII, summer), 3(59): 802 - 811. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.3(59).19
[3] Al-Damiri, A. 2010. Criminal Protection of the Environment in Jordanian Legislation. Master's Thesis. Middle East University.
[4] Al-Feel, A. 2009. A comparative study of Arab Penal Legislation in Combating Environmental Pollution Crimes. Al-Zarqa Journal for Research and Human Studies, 9(2): 109-127.
[5] Al-Hadithi, F. 1992. Explanation of the Penal Law - General Section. Iraq: Al-Zaman Press.
[6] Alhendi, N. 2022. The Role of International Legislation in Protecting the Environment. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 1(57): 174 – 180.
[7] Aliyah, S. 1999. The Principles of the Penal Law- General Section. University Foundation for Studies. Beirut.
[8] Al-Nasrawi, S. 1977. General Principles of the Penal Law, 1st Edition. Baghdad: Dar Al-Salaam Press.
[9] Al-Sinani, S., and Al-Kharsha, M. 2020. Offences against the Marine Environment in the UAE Legislation. Al Ain University Journal of Business and Law, 2(2): 20-35. Available at: https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/aaujbl/vol2/iss2/2
[10] Atwi, M. 2017. Deterring Environmental Crime According to Algerian Law. Journal of Administrative and Financial Sciences, (1): 577-589.
[11] Couillard, D. 1980. Generation of polluting loads within river basins. Water Research, 14(11): 1621–1630. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(80)90067-6
[12] El-Refaie, A.M., and Alsharqawi, A.H. 2022. Legislative Confrontation of the Crime of Environmental Pollution in Jordan Pakistan. Journal of Criminology, 14(1): 29–42. Available at: http://www.pjcriminology.com/publications/legislative-confrontation-of-the-crime-of-environmental-pollution-in-jordan/
[13] Emar, O., and Abu Issa, H. 2021. The Legislative Shortcomings Aspects in the Jordanian Environmental Law. Comparison with International Law. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 7(55): 1850-1860. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v12.7(55).10
[14] Hasegawa, H. 1982. Evaluation Methods of Biological Effects Caused by Mixed Polluting Substances. Sangyo Igaku, 24(7): 883. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1539/joh1959.24.7_883_2
[15] Hosni, M. 1989. Explanation of the Penal Law- General Section, 6th Edition. Cairo: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.
[16] Hourani, B. 2015. Criminal Liability for Environmental Pollution, 1st Edition. Jordan: Wael Publishing House.
[17] Levytska, O. H. 2020. Evaluation of emissions of polluting substances when burning small and high sulfur oil. Bulletin of the National Technical University “KhPI”. Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology, 0(1): 8–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20998/0821.2020.01.02
[18] Matar, N. 1997. Criminal Protection of the Environment against the Dangers of Pollution. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Baghdad.
[19] Mohammad, H. H., Mohd Zain, S., Atta Khan, R., and Khalid, K. 2014. Establishment of Physicochemical Measurements of Water Polluting Substances via Flow Perturbation Gas Chromatography. Sains Malaysiana, 43(12): 1915–1925. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2014-4312-14
[20] Neves, A. L., Georget, E., Cochinaire, N., and Sabouroux, P. 2017. Real-time microwave sensor system for detection of polluting substances in pure water. Review of Scientific Instruments, 88(8): 084706. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4998982
[21] Raheef, A. 2017. International Liability for Environmental Pollution Resulting from the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes (According to the 1989 Basel Convention). Master's Thesis. Al-Qadisiyah University.
[22] Ramadan, O. 1961. The Idea of Result in Criminal Law. Journal of Law and Economics (4): 104.
[23] Vasil’ev, Yu. S., and Rolle, N. N. 1987. Processes occurring in reservoirs receiving biogenic and polluting substances. Hydrotechnical Construction, 21(10): 583–586. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01423926
[24] Vendramel, S., Bassin, J. P., Dezotti, M., and Sant’Anna, G. L. 2015. Treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater containing heavily polluting substances in an aerobic submerged fixed-bed reactor. Environmental Technology, 36(16): 2052–2059. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2015.1019933
Published
2022-12-02
How to Cite
ALMANASRA, Majd et al.
Criminal Responsibility for the Crime of Discharging Polluting Substances for Water Sources in Jordanian Legislation.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 13, n. 7, p. 1948 - 1954, dec. 2022.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/7400>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.7(63).15.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.