The Moderating Effect on an Internship Programme on the Relationship between Motivational Factors and Students` Carrier Decision in the Hospitality Industry in China
Abstract
China is now enjoying fast growth of international tourism development, which contributes to creating a large amount of employment in the hospitality industry. Nevertheless, attracting and retaining talented students has become a significant problem in China due to a great proportion of HTM graduates fail to make their career decisions to work in the hospitality industry. It is therefore important to provide a value conceptual model that expounds on the theoretical relationships existing between motivational factors and students’ career decisions to enter the hospitality industry. This study contributes literature by clarifying the relationship between two motivational factors and students’ career decisions as well as by determining the moderating effect of an internship programme on such relationship.
References
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[20] Kamau, S. W., and Waudo, J. N. 2012. Hospitality industry employer’s expectation of employees’ competences in Nairobi Hotels. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 3(4): 55-63.
[21] Kim, H. B., and Park, E. J. 2013. The role of social experience in undergraduates’ career perceptions through internships. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 12(1): 70-78.
[22] Ko, W. H. 2007. Training, satisfaction with internship programs, and confidence about future careers among hospitality students:A case study of universities in Taiwan. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 7(4):1-15.
[23] Kobina Armoo, A., and Neequaye, K. 2014. Factors used by Ghanaian students in determining career options in the tourism and hospitality industry. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 6(2): 166-178.
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[27] Lewis, D., Brazil, K., Krueger, P., Lohfeld, L., and Tjam, E. 2001. Extrinsic and intrinsic determinants of quality of work life, Leadership in Health Services, 14(2): 9 - 15.
[28] Li, Y., Wei, F., Ren, S., and Di, Y. 2015. Locus of control, psychological empowerment and intrinsic motivation in relation to performance. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(4):422 -438.
[29] Lips-Wiersma, M. 2002b. The influence of spiritual “meaning-making” on career behavior. Journal of Management Development, 21(7): 497-520.
[30] Luthans, F. 2010. Organizational Behavior: an Evidence-based Approach (11th Ed.): Motivation (pp. 165-167). NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
[31] Maertz, C., Stoeberl, P.A., Marks, J. 2014. Building successful internships: lessons from the research for interns, schools, and employers. Career Development International, 19(1): 123-142.
[32] Mimbs, C. A., Stewart, D. L., and Heath-Camp, B. 1998. Career choice decisions of family and consumer sciences education recent graduates: recruitment implications. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences Education, 16: 45-59.
[33] O’Reilly, C.A., and Caldwell, D. F. 1980. Job choice: the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on subsequent satisfaction and commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65(5): 559-565.
[34] Pizam, A., Okumus, F., and Hutchinson, J. 2013. Forming a long-term industry-university partnership: the case of Rosen College of Hospitality Management. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 5(3): 244-254.
[35] Post-Kammer, P. 1987. Intrinsic and extrinsic work values and career maturity of 9th and 11th grade boys and girls. Journal of Counseling and Development, 65: 420-423.
[36] Quigley, N. R., and Tymon, W. G. 2006. Toward an integrated model of intrinsic motivation and career self-management, Career Development International, 11(6): 522 - 543.
[37] Randolph, D. S., and Johnson, S. P. 2005. Predicting the effect of extrinsic and intrinsic job satisfaction factors on recruitment and retention of rehabilitation professionals, Journal of Healthcare Management, 50(1): 49-60.
[38] Richardson, S. 2009. Undergraduates’ perceptions of tourism and hospitality as a career choice. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(3): 382-388.
[39] Rogers, M. E., and Creed, P. A. 2011. A longitudinal examination of adolescent career planning and exploration using a social cognitive career theory framework. Journal of Adolescence, 34(1): 163-172.
[40] Ross, D. L. 2005. Perceived job characteristics and internal work motivation. Journal of Management Development, 24(3): 253-266.
[41] Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. 2000. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1): 54-67.
[42] Schermerhorn, J. R., Hunt, J. G., Osborn, R., and Osborn, R. 2012. Organizational Behavior (12th Ed.), Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
[43] Shan, M. H., and Tsai, Y. Y. 2011. A factorial validation of internship perception structure: second-order confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of International Management Studies, 6(2): 1-10.
[44] Stringer, K. J., and Kerpelman, J.L. 2010. Career identity development in college students: decision making, parental support, and work experience, identity, International Journal of Theory and Research, 10(3):181-200.
[45] Tse, T. S. M. 2010. What do hospitality students find important about internships? Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 10(3): 251-264.
[46] Usinger, J., and Smith, M. 2010. Career development in the context of self-construction during adolescence. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(3): 580-591.
[47] Valcour, M., and Ladge, J. J. 2008. Family and career path characteristics as predictors of women’s objective and subjective career success: integrating traditional and protean career explanations. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(2): 300-309.
[48] Van Emmerik, I. J. 2004. The more you can get the better: mentoring constellations and intrinsic career success. Career Development International, 9(6): 578 - 594.
[49] Waryszak, R. Z. 1999. Students’ expectations from their cooperative education placements in the hospitality industry: an international perspective. Education & Training, 41(1): 33-40.
[50] Wiley, C. 1997. What motivates employees according to over 40 years of motivation surveys. International Journal of Manpower, 18(3): 263-280.
[51] Willis, S. C., Shann, P., and Hassell, K. 2009. Pharmacy career deciding: making choice a “good fit”. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 23(1): 85-102.
[52] Yiu, M., and Law, R. 2012. A review of hospitality internship: different perspectives of students, employers, and educators. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism,12(4): 377–402.
[53] Yousaf, A., Yang, H., and Sanders, K. 2015. Effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on task and contextual performance of Pakistani professionals: the mediating role of commitment foci. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(2): 133-150.
[54] Zhao, Y., and Zhu, Q. 2014. Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on participation in crowd sourcing contest: a perspective of self-determination theory. Online Information Review, 38(7): 896-917.
[55] Zopiatis, A., and Constanti, P. 2012. Managing hospitality internship practices: a conceptual framework. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 24(1): 44-51.
*** China National Tourism Administration 2015. National tourism educational training, Available at: http://www. cnta.gov.cn/zwgk/tzggnew/gztz/201507/t20150707_720390.shtml (Accessed on: 10/04/2016)
*** UNWTO 2015. Tourism Highlights Annual Report. Madrid: UNWTO.
[2] Ajzen, I. 1985. Attitudes, Personality and Behavior. the USA, New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
[3] Ajzen, I., and Fishbein, M. 1980. Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior, UK, London: Prentice-Hall International.
[4] Ballout, H. I. 2009. Career commitment and career success: moderating role of self-efficacy. Career Development International, 14(7): 655-670.
[5] Bao, Y. F., and Fang, G. Y. 2014. A study on hospitality students’ satisfaction towards their internship: a case from Hang Zhou, China, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 12: 1069-1076.
[6] Blomme, R., Van Rheede, A., and Tromp, D. 2009. The hospitality industry: an attractive employer? An exploration of students’ and industry workers’ perceptions of hospitality as a career field. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 21(2): 6-14.
[7] Brown, E. A., Arendt, S. W., Bosselman, R. H. 2014. Hospitality management graduates’ perceptions of career factor importance and career factor experience. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 37: 58-76.
[8] Chang, S., and Tse, E. C. Y. 2015. Understanding the initial career decisions of hospitality graduates in Hong Kong: Quantitative and qualitative evidence. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 39(1): 57-74.
[9] Chang, et al. 2014. Understanding students’ intentions to join the hospitality industry: the role of emotional intelligence, service orientation, and industry satisfaction. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 56(4): 369-382.
[10] Chen, T. L., Shen, C. C. 2012. Today’s intern, tomorrow’s practitioner? The influence of internship programme on students’ career development in the hospitality industry. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 11(1): 29-40.
[11] Chuang, N. K., and Dellmann-Jenkins, M. 2010. Career decision making and intention: a study of hospitality undergraduate students. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 34(4): 512-530.
[12] Chuang, N. K., Yin, D., and Dellmann-Jenkins, M. 2009. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors impacting casino hotel chefs’ job satisfaction. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 21(3): 323-340.
[13] Donina, A. 2015. The role of tourism and hospitality companies in ensuring an effective internship process. Journal of Education Culture and Society, (1):281-290.
[14] Felicen, S. S., Rasa, L. C., Sumanga, J. E., and Buted, D. R. 2014. Internship performance of tourism and hospitality students: inputs to improve internship programs. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 4(6): 42-53. DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v4-i6/923. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v4-i6/923
[15] Fong, L. H. N., Luk, C., and Law, R. 2014. How do hotel and tourism students select internship employers? A segmentation approach. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 15: 68 - 79.
[16] Heslin, P. A. 2005. Conceptualizing and evaluating career success. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(2): 113-136.
[17] Hirschi, A. 2010. Positive adolescent career development: the role of intrinsic and extrinsic work values. Career Development Quarterly, 58(3): 276-287.
[18] Jauhari, V. 2013. Building employability in hospitality industry: insights from IIMT Gurgaon-Oxford Brookes University collaborative effort. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 5(3): 268 - 276.
[19] Julien, H.E. 1999. Barriers to adolescents’ information seeking for career decision making. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 50(1): 38-48.
[20] Kamau, S. W., and Waudo, J. N. 2012. Hospitality industry employer’s expectation of employees’ competences in Nairobi Hotels. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 3(4): 55-63.
[21] Kim, H. B., and Park, E. J. 2013. The role of social experience in undergraduates’ career perceptions through internships. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 12(1): 70-78.
[22] Ko, W. H. 2007. Training, satisfaction with internship programs, and confidence about future careers among hospitality students:A case study of universities in Taiwan. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 7(4):1-15.
[23] Kobina Armoo, A., and Neequaye, K. 2014. Factors used by Ghanaian students in determining career options in the tourism and hospitality industry. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 6(2): 166-178.
[24] Lam, T., and Ching, L. 2007. An exploratory study of an internship program: the case of Hong Kong students. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 26(2): 336-351.
[25] Larsson, R., Brousseau, K. R., Kling, K., and Sweet, P. L. 2007. Building motivational capital through career concept and culture fit: the strategic value of developing motivation and retention. Career Development International, 12(4): 361-381.
[26] Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., and Hackett, G. 2002. Social cognitive career theory. Career Choice and Development, 4: 255-311.
[27] Lewis, D., Brazil, K., Krueger, P., Lohfeld, L., and Tjam, E. 2001. Extrinsic and intrinsic determinants of quality of work life, Leadership in Health Services, 14(2): 9 - 15.
[28] Li, Y., Wei, F., Ren, S., and Di, Y. 2015. Locus of control, psychological empowerment and intrinsic motivation in relation to performance. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(4):422 -438.
[29] Lips-Wiersma, M. 2002b. The influence of spiritual “meaning-making” on career behavior. Journal of Management Development, 21(7): 497-520.
[30] Luthans, F. 2010. Organizational Behavior: an Evidence-based Approach (11th Ed.): Motivation (pp. 165-167). NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
[31] Maertz, C., Stoeberl, P.A., Marks, J. 2014. Building successful internships: lessons from the research for interns, schools, and employers. Career Development International, 19(1): 123-142.
[32] Mimbs, C. A., Stewart, D. L., and Heath-Camp, B. 1998. Career choice decisions of family and consumer sciences education recent graduates: recruitment implications. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences Education, 16: 45-59.
[33] O’Reilly, C.A., and Caldwell, D. F. 1980. Job choice: the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on subsequent satisfaction and commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65(5): 559-565.
[34] Pizam, A., Okumus, F., and Hutchinson, J. 2013. Forming a long-term industry-university partnership: the case of Rosen College of Hospitality Management. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 5(3): 244-254.
[35] Post-Kammer, P. 1987. Intrinsic and extrinsic work values and career maturity of 9th and 11th grade boys and girls. Journal of Counseling and Development, 65: 420-423.
[36] Quigley, N. R., and Tymon, W. G. 2006. Toward an integrated model of intrinsic motivation and career self-management, Career Development International, 11(6): 522 - 543.
[37] Randolph, D. S., and Johnson, S. P. 2005. Predicting the effect of extrinsic and intrinsic job satisfaction factors on recruitment and retention of rehabilitation professionals, Journal of Healthcare Management, 50(1): 49-60.
[38] Richardson, S. 2009. Undergraduates’ perceptions of tourism and hospitality as a career choice. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(3): 382-388.
[39] Rogers, M. E., and Creed, P. A. 2011. A longitudinal examination of adolescent career planning and exploration using a social cognitive career theory framework. Journal of Adolescence, 34(1): 163-172.
[40] Ross, D. L. 2005. Perceived job characteristics and internal work motivation. Journal of Management Development, 24(3): 253-266.
[41] Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. 2000. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1): 54-67.
[42] Schermerhorn, J. R., Hunt, J. G., Osborn, R., and Osborn, R. 2012. Organizational Behavior (12th Ed.), Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
[43] Shan, M. H., and Tsai, Y. Y. 2011. A factorial validation of internship perception structure: second-order confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of International Management Studies, 6(2): 1-10.
[44] Stringer, K. J., and Kerpelman, J.L. 2010. Career identity development in college students: decision making, parental support, and work experience, identity, International Journal of Theory and Research, 10(3):181-200.
[45] Tse, T. S. M. 2010. What do hospitality students find important about internships? Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 10(3): 251-264.
[46] Usinger, J., and Smith, M. 2010. Career development in the context of self-construction during adolescence. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(3): 580-591.
[47] Valcour, M., and Ladge, J. J. 2008. Family and career path characteristics as predictors of women’s objective and subjective career success: integrating traditional and protean career explanations. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(2): 300-309.
[48] Van Emmerik, I. J. 2004. The more you can get the better: mentoring constellations and intrinsic career success. Career Development International, 9(6): 578 - 594.
[49] Waryszak, R. Z. 1999. Students’ expectations from their cooperative education placements in the hospitality industry: an international perspective. Education & Training, 41(1): 33-40.
[50] Wiley, C. 1997. What motivates employees according to over 40 years of motivation surveys. International Journal of Manpower, 18(3): 263-280.
[51] Willis, S. C., Shann, P., and Hassell, K. 2009. Pharmacy career deciding: making choice a “good fit”. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 23(1): 85-102.
[52] Yiu, M., and Law, R. 2012. A review of hospitality internship: different perspectives of students, employers, and educators. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism,12(4): 377–402.
[53] Yousaf, A., Yang, H., and Sanders, K. 2015. Effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on task and contextual performance of Pakistani professionals: the mediating role of commitment foci. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(2): 133-150.
[54] Zhao, Y., and Zhu, Q. 2014. Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on participation in crowd sourcing contest: a perspective of self-determination theory. Online Information Review, 38(7): 896-917.
[55] Zopiatis, A., and Constanti, P. 2012. Managing hospitality internship practices: a conceptual framework. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 24(1): 44-51.
*** China National Tourism Administration 2015. National tourism educational training, Available at: http://www. cnta.gov.cn/zwgk/tzggnew/gztz/201507/t20150707_720390.shtml (Accessed on: 10/04/2016)
*** UNWTO 2015. Tourism Highlights Annual Report. Madrid: UNWTO.
Published
2017-02-28
How to Cite
ZHANG, Hui; RASHID, Basri; MOHAMMED, Abdul Alem.
The Moderating Effect on an Internship Programme on the Relationship between Motivational Factors and Students` Carrier Decision in the Hospitality Industry in China.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 4, p. 688-697, feb. 2017.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/728>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v7.4(16).15.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.