Environmental Indemnity: Seeking Effective Mechanisms for Ensuring the Participation of Law Enforcement Agencies
Abstract
Currently, there is an increase in the number of environmental violations and the environmental damage they cause. The article presents the results of the study of the legal framework and the practice of law enforcement to determine environmental damage, its scope, and possible compensation. The objective is to define the powers, functions, and roles of the agencies responsible for enforcing the law to guarantee environmental compensation. It is studied from the bibliographical, analytical, and critical review of the legal regulation, the practice of applying the law, and the scientific opinions on the compensation for damage to the environment. It is concluded that adequate environmental compensation depends directly on the activities of law enforcement agencies to identify and suppress environmental crimes and carry out administrative or criminal proceedings against offenders. The particularities of filing a civil lawsuit as a tool to repair the damage caused by an environmental crime are considered, focused on organizational and legal issues that negatively affect the effectiveness of environmental rights protection, as mentioned above, including the environmental incompetence of those who investigate crimes in that sphere and the shortcomings of judicial practice in determining the environmental damage. The main mechanisms to ensure the participation of law enforcement agencies in the calculation of environmental compensation, which has been developed in world practice, are presented. The authors made proposals for improving the existing organizational and legal framework and leveling the shortcomings of law enforcement practice.
References
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[2] Alekseev, E.V., et al. 2020. Regulation and financing of environmental programs: development of public-private partnerships in the digital economy. Revista Inclusiones, 7 (Especial): 372-385.
[3] Anufrieva, N.I., et al. 2020. Environmental education: Nurturing of the humanistic orientation of a personality. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(11): 5529-5535. DOI:https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.081156
[4] Balova, S.L., et al. 2021. The formation of the concept of an innovative, sustainable city with environmental protection. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 12(5): 1269-1275.
[5] Broslavskii, L.I. 2017. Environmental indemnities in the USA. Proceedings of the International scientific conference, 23 March 2017, S.A. Bogolyubov, N.R. Kamynina, and M.V. Ponomarev (eds.), 60-63. Moscow: MIIGAiK.
[6] Chena, H., Liua, S. Magomedov, R.M. and Davidyants, A.A. 2021. Optimization of inflow performance relationship curves for an oil reservoir by genetic algorithm coupled with artificial neural-intelligence networks. Energy Reports, 7: 3116-3124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.05.028
[7] Dung, M.T., Khoa, NM. and Thi Thu Huong, P. 2021. Integrating environmental requirements into Vietnamese sectoral laws: Some legal issues. Environmental Policy and Law, 51(5): 343–350. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3233/epl-201010
[8] Hernández García de Velazco, J.J., Ravina Ripoll, R., and Chumaceiro Hernandez, A.C. 2020. Relevance and social responsibility of sustainable university organizations: Analysis from the perspective of endogenous capacities. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 7 (4): 2967-2977. DOI:http://jssidoi.org/jesi/article/download/565
[9] Kravtsova, E.A. 2018. The involvement of internal affairs bodies in legal relations on calculating and compensating for the damage caused by environmental offenses. Problemy pravookhranitelnoi deyatelnosti, 3: 49-51.
[10] Kravtsova, M.A. 2015. The role of law enforcement agencies in ensuring the environmental safety the Republic of Belarus. Vestnik Akademii MVD Respubliki Belarus, 2(30): 77-80.
[11] Kukeev, A.K. 2019. The foundations and procedures for environmental indemnities in the Republic of Kazakhstan]. Proceedings of the 6th International scientific conference of educators, experts, students, under- and postgraduate students: Collection of scientific articles, NT. Razgeldeev (ed.), 72-75. Saratov: Saratovskiy istochnik.
[12] Martin-Ortega, J., R. Brouwer, and H. Aiking. 2011. Applying a value-based equivalency method to assess environmental damage compensation under the European Environmental Liability Directive. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(6): 1461-1470. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.12.001
[13] Mukhlynina, M.M., et al. 2018. Economic and legal aspects of environmental protection when using artificial water bodies. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 9(3): 633-638. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.9.3(27).23
[14] Mukhtarova, S.M. 2009. Vozmeshchenie ekologicheskogo vreda kak mera obespecheniya okhrany prirodnykh obektov ot zagryazneniya [An environmental indemnity as measures to protect natural objects from pollution]. Vestnik KazNU, 53(1): 125-130.
[15] Novoselova, I.Yu., and Novoselov, A.L. 2017. Estimation of accumulated environmental damage: Methods and experience. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 7(4): 619-624.
[16] Nurutdinova, A.Zh., and Bekisheva, S.D. 2020. Legal problems of the formation and development of the institute of environmentally unfavorable territories. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 11(5): 1215-1221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.11.5(45).18
[17] Redgwell, C. 1992. Compensation for oil pollution damage: Quantifying environmental harm. Marine Policy, 16(2): 90-98.
[18] Samokhvalov, Y., and Burba, O. 2018. Assessment of the efficiency of scientific and technical projects based on the Harrington generalized function. Control, navigation and communication systems. Collection of scientific works], 4(50): 77-85. DOI:https://doi.org/10.26906/SUNZ.2018.4.077
[19] Sarpekov, M. 2015. The activities of the prosecutor's office in ensuring environmental safety. Vestnik KazNU, 75(3). Available at: https://articlekz.com/article/14840 (in Kazakh)
[20] Savina, S.V., et al. 2020. Application of telecommunications technologies in the management of territories. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 11(5): 1143-1151. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v11.5(45).12
[21] Seitzhanov, O.T. 2017. On the system of law enforcement agencies in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Nauka, 2(53): 31-35. (in Kazakh)
[22] Shestak, V.A. 2017. Some specifics of bringing and holding a civil lawsuit in criminal proceedings]. Rossiiskaya yustitsiya, 2: 62-65. (in Russian)
[23] Teziev, T.M., and Rozhko, G.B. 2020. The legal foundations of environmental indemnities. In: The collection of articles of the All-Russian scientific conference. In two parts, 59-69. Ufa: Omega Sayns. (in Russian)
[24] Usenbaeva, A.U. 2012. Theoretical issues of environmental damages and possible indemnities. Zakonnost i pravoporyadok v sovremennom obshchestve, 11: 211-214. (in Kazakh)
[25] Environmental protection agency. 2014. In: US Encyclopedia of Toxicology. Third Edition, Ph. Wexler (ed.), 387-388. Academic Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386454-3.01012-5
[26] Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan of June 30, 2017, No. 81-VI "On prosecutor's office". Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z1700000081 (in Kazakh)
[27] Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan of January 6, 2011, No. 380-IV "On law enforcement service". Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z1100000380 (in Kazakh)
[28] OECD. 2009. Ways to improve the law enforcement of environmental laws in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/env/outreach/44092434.pdf
[29] Official information resource of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan. February 18, 2021. Environmental initiatives, enhanced legislation, and state support. Available at: https://primeminister.kz/ru/news/reviews/ekologicheskie-iniciativy-sovershenstvovanie-zakonodatelstva-i-mery-gospodderzhki-razvitie-sfery-geologii-i-prirodnyh-resursov-kazahstana-po-itogam-2020-goda-181164
[30] Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan of December 29, 2015 No. 1096 "On approving the regulations of the work of internal affairs bodies participating in nature conservation activities". Available at: http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V1500013046 (in Kazakh)
[31] Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan of June 27, 2007, No. 535 "On establishing the rules of assessing environmental damages". Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P070000535_
[32] Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan of December 30, 2015, No. 1142 "On approving the regulations on local police within internal affairs bodies". Available at: http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1500001142 (in Kazakh)
[33] The Administrative Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan of July 5, 2014, No, 235-V (as amended and revised on July 7, 2020). Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/K1400000235 (in Kazakh)
[34] The Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan of July 3, 2014 No. 226-V (as amended and revised on October 6, 2020). Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/K1400000226 (in Kazakh)
[35] Zhumaksanov, E.Sh. 2019. Improving investigative activities when examining environmental crimes. In: Proceedings of the 15th International scientific conference: In four parts, A.V. Semenov, N.G. Malyshev (eds.), 59-65. Moscow: Moscow University named after S.Yu. Witte. (in Russian).
Published
2022-09-02
How to Cite
ALIBAYEV, Askar Kanatovich et al.
Environmental Indemnity: Seeking Effective Mechanisms for Ensuring the Participation of Law Enforcement Agencies.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 13, n. 5, p. 1503 - 1511, sep. 2022.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/7219>. Date accessed: 03 july 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.5(61).25.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.