Mangrove Conservation, Ecotourism, and Development Strategy in Bandar Bakau Dumai, Indonesia
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems have components of landscapes, flora, fauna, and local communities to form a unified ecosystem. Bandar Bakau Dumai (BBD) is a mangrove conservation and ecotourism area located on the outskirts of Dumai City, Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the current and past conditions of the area and develop strategies for developing it in the future. The research was carried out by observing, interviewing, non-structured in-depth interviewing, and studying literature. The condition and potential of the mangrove ecotourism area were analyzed from the attractiveness, infrastructure, facilities and services, market potential, institutional elements, and socio-economic conditions of the community. The development strategy is formulated using a SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat) analysis by systematically identifying various factors to determine the priority of the development strategy. The BBD conservation area is still relatively good and has not changed from previous years. However, the role of mangrove ecotourism is far removed. The supporting facilities and infrastructure are generally not maintained. The following recovery and development strategies are recommended: increasing human resource capacity; strengthening the role of the government, industry, and sponsors in the development of facilities and infrastructure; proper promotion and marketing; and varying ecotourism services and products; and construction coastal abrasion protectors.
References
[1] Afonso, F., et al. 2022. Community perceptions about mangrove ecosystem services and threats. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 49, 102114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2021.102114
[2] Aragones, E. G., Rojo, J.P. and Pitargue, F.C. 1998. Botantical identification handbook on Philippine mangrove trees. Forest Products Research and Development Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Laguna, the Philippines, 127 p.
[3] Azis, A., Shareena, S., Ibrahim, S., Maimunah, S. and Muin, Z.A. 2018. Creating an innocuous mangrove ecosystem: Understanding the influence of ecotourism products from Malaysian and international perspectives. Ocean & Coastal Management, 165: 416–427. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.09.014
[4] Damastutia, E., de Groota, R., Debrot, A. O. and Silvius, M. J. 2022. Effectiveness of community-based mangrove management for biodiversity conservation: A case study from Central Java, Indonesia. Trees, Forests and People 7, 100202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2022.100202
[5] Das, M and Chatterjee, B. 2015. Ecotourism: A panacea or a predicament? Tourism Management Perspectives, 14: 3-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.01.002
[6] Effendi, I., Elizal, E. and Jupendri, J. 2019. Identification of marine ecotourism objects on Pulau Jemur, Riau Province, Indonesia. ICFAES 2019. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 348 012032. IOP Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/348/1/012032
[7] Effendi, I., Elizal, E., Rizal, Y., Wiyati R. and Maryanti, S. 2018. Preliminary study on ecotourism potency of tropical forest and coastal area on PT Diamond Raya Timber concession area, Riau Province. IOP Publishing. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 216 012046. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/216/1/012046
[8] Effendi, I., et al. 2021. Potency and Development Strategy of Sungai Bersejarah Mangrove Ecotourism, Siak Regency. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 12(8), 2272 – 2282. DOI:https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/6670
[9] Friess, D. A. 2017. Ecotourism as a tool for mangrove conservation. Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education, 1(1): 24-35. DOI: http://sjdgge.ppj.unp.ac.id
[10] Giesen, W., Wulffraat, S., Zieren, M. and Scholten, L. 2006. Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia. FAO and Wetlands International. Dharmasarn Co., Ltd. 781 p. https://www.fao.org/3/ag132e/ag132e.pdf.
[11] Gilania, H., Naz, H. I., Arshad, M., Nazim, K., Akram, U., Abrar, A. and Asif, M. 2021. Evaluating mangrove conservation and sustainability through spatiotemporal (1990–2020) mangrove cover change analysis in Pakistan. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 249, 107128. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2020.107128
[12] Ginantra, I., Muksin, I. and Joni, M. 2020. Diversity of birds for ecotourism attractions in the mangrove ecosystem of Nature Conservation Forum Putri Menjangan. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 11(1): 54-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v11.1(41).07
[13] Ginantra, I., Suaskara, I. and Joni, M. 2018. Diversity of mangrove plant for support ecotourism activities in Nature Conservation Forum Putri Menjangan, Pejarakan Buleleng-Bali. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 9(5): 987-994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.5(29).10
[14] Hamuna, B., Rumahorbo, B., Keiluhu, H. and Alianto, A. 2018. Willingness to pay for existence value of mangrove ecosystem in Youtefa Bay, Jayapura, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 9(5): 907-915. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.5(29).02
[15] Harto, S., Sidiq, R. R. S. and Karneli, O. 2021. Development strategy mangrove ecotourism based on local wisdom. Sosiohumaniora: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 23 (1):115-123. DOI:http://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/sosiohumaniora/article/view/31315
[16] Hastuti, T. and Yuliati, U. 2018. A model for mangrove forest management based on community empowerment in Bantul Regency. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 8(6): 1232-1237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v8.6(22).10
[17] Henri, H. and Ardiawati, S. 2020. Ecotourism development of Munjang mangrove forest and conservation efforts based on community approach. BioLink: Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan, Industri dan Kesehatan, 7 (1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v7i1.2952
[18] Idris, N. S., Mustapha, M. A., Sulaiman, N., Khamis, S., Husin, S. M. and Darbis, N. D. A. 2021. The dynamics of landscape changes surrounding a firefly ecotourism area. Global Ecology and Conservation, 29 (e01741). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01741
[19] Khakhim, N., et al. 2021. Adaptation of mangrove ecotourism management to coastal environment changes in the special region of Yogyakarta. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 12(3): 754-765. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.12.3(51).14
[20] Kitamura, S., Anwar, C., Chaniago, A. and Baba, S. 1998. Hand Book of Mangrove in Indonesia – Bali and Lombok. JICA ISME. 118 p.
[21] Kombo, I. 2016. Factors affecting eco-tourism development in Zanzibar. IJRDO-Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 1(8): 141-166. DOI: https://www.ijrdo.org/index.php/sshr/article/view/328
[22] Lurati, F and Zamparini, A, 2018. Communication SWOT Analysis. Wiley Online Library. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119010722.iesc0203
[23] Mirsanjari, M. M. 2012. Importance of environmental ecotourism planning for sustainable development. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(2): 85-92. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.4.2.233-244
[24] Mulyadi A. and Amin, B. 2016. Vegetation structure and mangrove ecosystem threats in the coastal zone of Dumai, Riau, Indonesia. Intern. Journal App. Env Sci. 11 (3): 785-798. Available at: https://www.ripublication.com/ijaes16/ijaesv11n3_07.pdf
[25] Mulyadi, A., Efriyeldi, E. and Marbun, B. 2021. Strategi pengembangan ekowisata mangrove BBD, Riau. Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia, 8 (1): 48-56. DOI: https://doi.10.31258/dli.8.1.p.48-56
[26] Navarro-Martínez, Z. M., et al. 2020. Using SWOT analysis to support biodiversity and sustainable tourism in Caguanes National Park, Cuba. Ocean & Coastal Management, 193, 105188. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105188
[27] Nelly, C., Rasnovi, S. and Zumaidar, Z. 2020. Mangrove Ecosystem Suitability for Ecotourism Management Recommendation in Iboih Village – Sabang. E3S Web of Conferences 151, 01060 2020. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015101060
[28] Noor R. Y., Khazali, M. and Suryadiputra, I. N. N. 2006. Mangroves Identification Guidelines in Indonesia. Wedlands International- Indonesia Programme. Bogor, 220 p.
[29] Panigrahi, J. K. and Mohanty, P. K. 2012. Effectiveness of the Indian coastal regulation zones provisions for coastal zone management and its evaluation using SWOT analysis, 65(none), 0–0. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.04.023
[30] Purwowibowo, P., Santoso, B., Hendrijanto, K., Hariyono, S. and Nufus, B. H. 2020. Local wisdom for mangrove conservation and ecotourism: Case study from Wringinputih, Muncar, Banyuwangi. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 485 (2020) 012092. Available at: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/485/1/012092/pdf
[31] Rahmadany, N., Mulyadi, A. and Tanjung, A. 2014. The community structure of mangrove vegetation in Rindu Laut of Purnama Village of Dumai City. Journal online Mahasiswa, 1(2). Available at: https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFAPERIKA/article/view/3445/3341
[32] Rudianto, R. and Ridho, M. 2019. Sustaining marine ecotourism through multi-use planning for securing mangrove ecosystems. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 10(6): 1281-1294. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v10.6(38).10
[33] Subur, R., Abubakar, S. and Susanto, A. N. 2022. Suitability of mangrove ecotourism in Payo Village, West Halmahera Regency. Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 12 (1): 12-20. DOI:https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.12.1.12-20
[34] Susanto, R, B., Yoza, D. and Arlita, T, 2016. The potential and carrying capacity ecotourism area of mangrove forest BBD. JOM Faperta UR Vol.3 No.2. Available at: https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFAPERTA/article/view/15293
[35] Uddin, M. S., Steveninck, D. E, Stuip, M. and Shah, M. A. 2013. Economic valuation of provisioning and cultural services of a protected mangrove ecosystem: A case study on Sundarbans Reserve Forest, Bangladesh. Ecosystem Services, 5: 88-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.002
[36] Walker, J. E., et al. 2022. Governance and the mangrove commons: Advancing the cross-scale, nested framework for the global conservation and wise use of mangroves. Journal of Environmental Management, 312, 114823. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114823
[37] Zulpikar, Z., Yoswaty, D. and Tanjung. 2014. Kajian potensi hutan mangrove dalam membangun ekowisata di Kelurahan Basilam Baru Kota Dumai Provinsi Riau. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa, 1 (2). DOI:https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFAPERIKA/article/view/3325/3222
[38] DPKKD (Dinas Peternakan, Perikanan dan Kelautan Kota Dumai). 2008. Buku Identifikasi Mangrove. Pemerintah Kota Dumai. Dumai.
[39] IUCN (The International Union for Conservation of Nature's) Red List of Threatened Species. 2020. https://www.iucnredlist.org
[2] Aragones, E. G., Rojo, J.P. and Pitargue, F.C. 1998. Botantical identification handbook on Philippine mangrove trees. Forest Products Research and Development Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Laguna, the Philippines, 127 p.
[3] Azis, A., Shareena, S., Ibrahim, S., Maimunah, S. and Muin, Z.A. 2018. Creating an innocuous mangrove ecosystem: Understanding the influence of ecotourism products from Malaysian and international perspectives. Ocean & Coastal Management, 165: 416–427. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.09.014
[4] Damastutia, E., de Groota, R., Debrot, A. O. and Silvius, M. J. 2022. Effectiveness of community-based mangrove management for biodiversity conservation: A case study from Central Java, Indonesia. Trees, Forests and People 7, 100202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2022.100202
[5] Das, M and Chatterjee, B. 2015. Ecotourism: A panacea or a predicament? Tourism Management Perspectives, 14: 3-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.01.002
[6] Effendi, I., Elizal, E. and Jupendri, J. 2019. Identification of marine ecotourism objects on Pulau Jemur, Riau Province, Indonesia. ICFAES 2019. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 348 012032. IOP Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/348/1/012032
[7] Effendi, I., Elizal, E., Rizal, Y., Wiyati R. and Maryanti, S. 2018. Preliminary study on ecotourism potency of tropical forest and coastal area on PT Diamond Raya Timber concession area, Riau Province. IOP Publishing. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 216 012046. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/216/1/012046
[8] Effendi, I., et al. 2021. Potency and Development Strategy of Sungai Bersejarah Mangrove Ecotourism, Siak Regency. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 12(8), 2272 – 2282. DOI:https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/6670
[9] Friess, D. A. 2017. Ecotourism as a tool for mangrove conservation. Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education, 1(1): 24-35. DOI: http://sjdgge.ppj.unp.ac.id
[10] Giesen, W., Wulffraat, S., Zieren, M. and Scholten, L. 2006. Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia. FAO and Wetlands International. Dharmasarn Co., Ltd. 781 p. https://www.fao.org/3/ag132e/ag132e.pdf.
[11] Gilania, H., Naz, H. I., Arshad, M., Nazim, K., Akram, U., Abrar, A. and Asif, M. 2021. Evaluating mangrove conservation and sustainability through spatiotemporal (1990–2020) mangrove cover change analysis in Pakistan. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 249, 107128. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2020.107128
[12] Ginantra, I., Muksin, I. and Joni, M. 2020. Diversity of birds for ecotourism attractions in the mangrove ecosystem of Nature Conservation Forum Putri Menjangan. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 11(1): 54-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v11.1(41).07
[13] Ginantra, I., Suaskara, I. and Joni, M. 2018. Diversity of mangrove plant for support ecotourism activities in Nature Conservation Forum Putri Menjangan, Pejarakan Buleleng-Bali. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 9(5): 987-994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.5(29).10
[14] Hamuna, B., Rumahorbo, B., Keiluhu, H. and Alianto, A. 2018. Willingness to pay for existence value of mangrove ecosystem in Youtefa Bay, Jayapura, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 9(5): 907-915. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.5(29).02
[15] Harto, S., Sidiq, R. R. S. and Karneli, O. 2021. Development strategy mangrove ecotourism based on local wisdom. Sosiohumaniora: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 23 (1):115-123. DOI:http://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/sosiohumaniora/article/view/31315
[16] Hastuti, T. and Yuliati, U. 2018. A model for mangrove forest management based on community empowerment in Bantul Regency. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 8(6): 1232-1237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v8.6(22).10
[17] Henri, H. and Ardiawati, S. 2020. Ecotourism development of Munjang mangrove forest and conservation efforts based on community approach. BioLink: Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan, Industri dan Kesehatan, 7 (1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v7i1.2952
[18] Idris, N. S., Mustapha, M. A., Sulaiman, N., Khamis, S., Husin, S. M. and Darbis, N. D. A. 2021. The dynamics of landscape changes surrounding a firefly ecotourism area. Global Ecology and Conservation, 29 (e01741). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01741
[19] Khakhim, N., et al. 2021. Adaptation of mangrove ecotourism management to coastal environment changes in the special region of Yogyakarta. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 12(3): 754-765. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.12.3(51).14
[20] Kitamura, S., Anwar, C., Chaniago, A. and Baba, S. 1998. Hand Book of Mangrove in Indonesia – Bali and Lombok. JICA ISME. 118 p.
[21] Kombo, I. 2016. Factors affecting eco-tourism development in Zanzibar. IJRDO-Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 1(8): 141-166. DOI: https://www.ijrdo.org/index.php/sshr/article/view/328
[22] Lurati, F and Zamparini, A, 2018. Communication SWOT Analysis. Wiley Online Library. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119010722.iesc0203
[23] Mirsanjari, M. M. 2012. Importance of environmental ecotourism planning for sustainable development. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(2): 85-92. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.4.2.233-244
[24] Mulyadi A. and Amin, B. 2016. Vegetation structure and mangrove ecosystem threats in the coastal zone of Dumai, Riau, Indonesia. Intern. Journal App. Env Sci. 11 (3): 785-798. Available at: https://www.ripublication.com/ijaes16/ijaesv11n3_07.pdf
[25] Mulyadi, A., Efriyeldi, E. and Marbun, B. 2021. Strategi pengembangan ekowisata mangrove BBD, Riau. Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia, 8 (1): 48-56. DOI: https://doi.10.31258/dli.8.1.p.48-56
[26] Navarro-Martínez, Z. M., et al. 2020. Using SWOT analysis to support biodiversity and sustainable tourism in Caguanes National Park, Cuba. Ocean & Coastal Management, 193, 105188. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105188
[27] Nelly, C., Rasnovi, S. and Zumaidar, Z. 2020. Mangrove Ecosystem Suitability for Ecotourism Management Recommendation in Iboih Village – Sabang. E3S Web of Conferences 151, 01060 2020. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015101060
[28] Noor R. Y., Khazali, M. and Suryadiputra, I. N. N. 2006. Mangroves Identification Guidelines in Indonesia. Wedlands International- Indonesia Programme. Bogor, 220 p.
[29] Panigrahi, J. K. and Mohanty, P. K. 2012. Effectiveness of the Indian coastal regulation zones provisions for coastal zone management and its evaluation using SWOT analysis, 65(none), 0–0. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.04.023
[30] Purwowibowo, P., Santoso, B., Hendrijanto, K., Hariyono, S. and Nufus, B. H. 2020. Local wisdom for mangrove conservation and ecotourism: Case study from Wringinputih, Muncar, Banyuwangi. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 485 (2020) 012092. Available at: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/485/1/012092/pdf
[31] Rahmadany, N., Mulyadi, A. and Tanjung, A. 2014. The community structure of mangrove vegetation in Rindu Laut of Purnama Village of Dumai City. Journal online Mahasiswa, 1(2). Available at: https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFAPERIKA/article/view/3445/3341
[32] Rudianto, R. and Ridho, M. 2019. Sustaining marine ecotourism through multi-use planning for securing mangrove ecosystems. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 10(6): 1281-1294. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v10.6(38).10
[33] Subur, R., Abubakar, S. and Susanto, A. N. 2022. Suitability of mangrove ecotourism in Payo Village, West Halmahera Regency. Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 12 (1): 12-20. DOI:https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.12.1.12-20
[34] Susanto, R, B., Yoza, D. and Arlita, T, 2016. The potential and carrying capacity ecotourism area of mangrove forest BBD. JOM Faperta UR Vol.3 No.2. Available at: https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFAPERTA/article/view/15293
[35] Uddin, M. S., Steveninck, D. E, Stuip, M. and Shah, M. A. 2013. Economic valuation of provisioning and cultural services of a protected mangrove ecosystem: A case study on Sundarbans Reserve Forest, Bangladesh. Ecosystem Services, 5: 88-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.002
[36] Walker, J. E., et al. 2022. Governance and the mangrove commons: Advancing the cross-scale, nested framework for the global conservation and wise use of mangroves. Journal of Environmental Management, 312, 114823. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114823
[37] Zulpikar, Z., Yoswaty, D. and Tanjung. 2014. Kajian potensi hutan mangrove dalam membangun ekowisata di Kelurahan Basilam Baru Kota Dumai Provinsi Riau. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa, 1 (2). DOI:https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFAPERIKA/article/view/3325/3222
[38] DPKKD (Dinas Peternakan, Perikanan dan Kelautan Kota Dumai). 2008. Buku Identifikasi Mangrove. Pemerintah Kota Dumai. Dumai.
[39] IUCN (The International Union for Conservation of Nature's) Red List of Threatened Species. 2020. https://www.iucnredlist.org
Published
2022-09-02
How to Cite
EFFENDI, Irwan et al.
Mangrove Conservation, Ecotourism, and Development Strategy in Bandar Bakau Dumai, Indonesia.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 13, n. 5, p. 1443 - 1452, sep. 2022.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/7212>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.5(61).19.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.