The Importance of Religious Tourism for Development of Sustainable Tourism: The Case of the Baptism Site in Jordan
Abstract
Aim: The study aims to investigate and find the importance of religious tourism for the development of sustainable tourism: the case of the baptism site in Jordan. Materials and Methods: We used the SPSS version 20 to analyze 19 items of the Likert scale for the outcome in factor analysis. Before conducting the axial variable analysis, the suitability of the data for factor analysis was evaluated. Results and discussions: traditional industries have been phased out and replaced by tourism activities at the Baptism Site, which have a high tourist potential, resulting in increased economic growth in these areas. Conclusions: On the eastern bank of the Jordan River separating Jordan and Palestine, at the Baptism site, a world archaeological and heritage site, sustainable tourism has become a tool on which many foreign tourism institutions are focused. The result shows that environmental impacts were positively associated with sustainability issues.
References
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[2] Al Dein, Hasan Al Fahmawee Emad. 2021. Gis Methodological Approach to Developing And Forming a Visual Image of Downtown Amman. Architecture and Engineering, 6 (3): 49-61.
[3] Al Fahmawee, Emad Al Dein, and Jawabreh, O.A.A. 2022. A Study Architectural and Intangible Environment Affecting Occupancy Rate of Five Stars Business Hotel in Amman. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 13 (2): 530-545.
[4] Al Fahmawee, E. H. 2018. Architectural functional design for hotels extension in Amman: A Days Inn Hotel case study. Journal of Engineering Research, 6 (4).
[5] Alananzeh, O., et al. 2019. The association among employees' communication skills, image formation and tourist behaviour: perceptions of hospitality management students in Jordan. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research.
[6] Alipour, H., Olya, H.G.T. and Forouzan, I. 2017. Environmental impacts of mass religious tourism: From residents' perspectives. Tourism Analysis, 22 (2): 167-183.
[7] Álvarez-Albelo, C. D, and Hernández Martín, R. 2007. Explaining high economic growth in small tourism countries with a dynamic general equilibrium model.
[8] Amya, M. and Jawabreh, O. 2011. Mutual impact between tourism and the host community (a case study of Wadi Rum). European Journal of Social Sciences, 19 (1): 30-40.
[9] Ayorekire, J., et al. 2020. Opportunities and challenges of religious tourism development in Uganda: policy, planning and institutional perspectives. The international journal of religious tourism and pilgrimage, 8 (3): 144-158.
[10] Bandyopadhyay, R., Morais, D. B. and Chick, G. 2008. Religion and identity in India’s heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 35 (3):790-808.
[11] Barajas, A., Lago-Penas, S., and Sanchez, P. 2014. On the regional economic effects of the Pope's journeys: evidence from the visit to Santiago de Compostela in 2010. Tourism Economics, 20 (2): 279-299.
[12] Bilim, Y., and Özer, Ö. 2016. The changing face of a religious city: tourism and the perceptional modernisation of a host community. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 4 (5): 51-58.
[13] Blake, A. 2009. The dynamics of tourism's economic impact. Tourism economics, 15 (3): 615-628.
[14] Bond, N., Packer, J. and Ballantyne, R. 2015. Exploring visitor experiences, activities and benefits at three religious tourism sites. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(5): 471-481.
[15] Bonn, M. A, and Harrington, J. 2008. A comparison of three economic impact models for applied hospitality and tourism research. Tourism Economics, 14 (4): 769-789.
[16] Bozonelos, D. 2020. Day tripping in Jerusalem: the curious case of how Russian Orthodox Christians became the same-day religious tourists in the Holy Land. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 8 (6): 12-23.
[17] Branch, J. 2020. The influence of traveler reviews on mobile applications on travel decision-making to Dubai. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 98 (15).
[18] Brida, J.G., Osti, L. and Faccioli, M. 2011. Residents' perception and attitudes towards tourism impacts: A case study of the small rural community of Folgaria (Trentino–Italy). Benchmarking: an international journal.
[19] Clarke, A., and Raffay, Á. International Journal of Religious Tourism an d Pilgrimage.
[20] Collins-Kreiner, N., and Wall, G. 2015. Tourism and religion: Spiritual journeys and their consequences. In The changing world religion map, 689-707. Springer.
[21] Collins‐Kreiner, N. 2010. Geographers and pilgrimages: Changing concepts in pilgrimage tourism research. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 101 (4):437-448.
[22] Eurostat. 2009. Tourism Satellite Accounts in the European Union. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities Luxembourg.
[23] Fleischer, A. 2000. The tourist behind the pilgrim in the Holy Land. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 19 (3): 311-326.
[24] Gamage, A., and King, B. 1999. Comparing migrant and non‐migrant tourism impacts. International Journal of Social Economics.
[25] Gomez, V. B. 1996. Research in Spain on tourism and economic development. The Tourist Review.
[26] Griffin, K., and Raj, R. 2018. The importance of religious tourism and pilgrimage: Reflecting on definitions, motives and data. The international journal of religious tourism and pilgrimage, 5 (3): 2-9.
[27] Hemmat, M. A., Shamekhi, T., Zobeiry, M. and Ghazi Tabatabaei, M. 2012. Sacred places: Instances of natural heritage and cultural landscapes in Northern Iran (Case study of the shrine and cemetery of Sutak Village). Archives Des Sciences, 65 (7): 605-612.
[28] Hung, K., et al. 2017. Contesting the commercialization and sanctity of religious tourism in the Shaolin Monastery, China. International Journal of Tourism Research, 19 (2): 145-159.
[29] Jaafar, M., Kayat, K., Tangit, T.M. and Firdous Yacob, M. 2013. Nature‐based rural tourism and its economic benefits: a case study of Kinabalu National Park. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes.
[30] Jawabreh, O. 2017a. An exploratory study of the motives of Jordanian out bound tourism and its impact on the development of tourism in Jordan. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 15 (19): 443-467.
[31] Jawabreh, O. 2020. Innovation management in hotels industry in aqaba special economic zone authority; hotel classification and administration as a moderator. Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, 32 (4):1362-1369.
[32] Jawabreh, O.A.A. 2017b. Distinction of Jordan as a destination for religious tourism. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism (JEMT), 8 (06 (22)):1171-1182.
[33] Jawabreh, O.A.A. 2021. TOURISTS AND LOCAL COMMUNITY OF THE CASE STUDY AQABA SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE AUTHORITY (ASEZA). Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, 35 (2): 490-498.
[34] Jirásek, Ivo. 2014. Pilgrimage–tourism continuum once again: matrix of sacred, spiritual and profane connectedness to authenticity. Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology, 14 (4): 46-53.
[35] Kartal, B., Tepeci, M. and Atlı, H. 2015. Examining the religious tourism potential of Manisa, Turkey with a marketing perspective. Tourism Review.
[36] Kilipiris, F., and Dermetzopoulos, A. 2016. Streets of orthodoxy: developing religious tourism in the Mount Paiko area, Central Macedonia, Greece. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 4 (7): 31-37.
[37] Ţală,L.M., and Pădurean, A.M. 2008. Dimensions of religious tourism. Academic Press.
[38] Lehtonen, O., and Tykkyläinen, M. 2014. Estimating regional input coefficients and multipliers: is the choice of a non-survey technique a gamble? Regional Studies, 48 (2): 382-399.
[39] Liro, J., Sołjan, I. and Bilska-Wodecka, E. 2018. Spatial changes of pilgrimage centers in pilgrimage studies: review and contribution to future research. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 6 (3).
[40] Liu, A., Song, H. and Blake A. 2018. Modelling productivity shocks and economic growth using the Bayesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium approach. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
[41] Nega, Dagnachew. 2020. Investigating the Potential of Ancient Religious Sites in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewhido Church for Religious Tourism Development: The Case of Kirstos Semra. The international journal of religious tourism and pilgrimage, 8 (4): 59-71.
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[43] Nyaupane, G. P, Dallen, J.T., and Poudel, S. 2015. Understanding tourists in religious destinations: A social distance perspective. Tourism Management, 48: 343-353.
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[45] Qurashi, J. 2017. Commodification of Islamic religious tourism: from spiritual to touristic experience. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 5 (1): 89-104.
[46] Rahmatika, M., and Suman, A. 2020. Improving the economy of local communities through innovation of the potential of shariah-based natural tourism in East Java. The international journal of religious tourism and pilgrimage, 8 (4):72-79.
[47] Ramesh, D. 2002. The economic contribution of tourism in Mauritius. Annals of Tourism Research, 29 (3): 862-865.
[48] Rashid, A.G. 2018. Religious tourism–a review of the literature. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights.
[49] Rejman, K., Maziarz, P., Kwiatkowski, C.A. and Haliniarz, M. 2016. Religious tourism as a tourism product. World Scientific News, (57): 562-575.
[50] Rinschede, G. 1992. Forms of religious tourism. Annals of tourism Research, 19 (1): 51-67.
[51] Rodrigues, A.P., Vieira, I., Ferreira, L. and Madeira, R. 2019. Stakeholder perceptions of religious tourism and local development: evidence from Lamego (Portugal) historic town. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 7 (4): 41-53.
[52] Saleh, M. M. A., et al. 2021. Requirements for enhancing the standard of accounting education and its alignment with labor market requirements a case study hospitality and industrial sector in Jordan. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 1-18.
[53] Saleh, M. M. A., et al. 2021. Artificial intelligence (ai) and the impact of enhancing the consistency and interpretation of financial statement in the classified hotels in Aqaba, Jordan. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20: 1-18.
[54] Saunders, M, Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. 2007. Research Methods for Students Business. Pearson Education Limited, Essex, UK.
[55] Serrallonga, SA. 2020. Pilgrim's motivations: a theoretical approach to pilgrimage as a peacebuilding tool. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 8 (6):59-74.
[56] Shyju, PJ, Bhat, I.A., Myers, K. and Tanwar, N. 2020. Local stakeholders’ perspectives on religious heritage and tourism development in Varanasi. International Journal of Tourism Cities.
[57] Swanson, K. K. and DeVereaux, C. 2012. Culturally sustainable entrepreneurship: A case study for Hopi tourism. In Field guide to case study research in tourism, hospitality and leisure. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
[58] Teare, R., Bandara, C. and Jayawardena, C.C. 2013. Engaging the rural communities of Sri Lanka in sustainable tourism. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes.
[59] Tohmo, T. 2018. The economic impact of tourism in Central Finland: a regional input–output study. Tourism Review.
[60] Tomljenović, R., and Dukić, L. 2017. Religious tourism–from a tourism product to an agent of societal transformation. Religious Tourism and the Contemporary Tourism Market, 6164: 1-8.
[61] Verma, M., and Sarangi, P. 2019. Modeling attributes of religious tourism: A study of Kumbh Mela, India. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism.
[62] Vukonic, B. 2002. Religion, tourism and economics: A convenient symbiosis. Tourism Recreation Research, 27 (2):59-64.
[63] Wanhill, S.RC. 1983. Measuring the economic impact of tourism. The Service Industries Journal, 3 (1): 9-20.
Published
2022-06-28
How to Cite
JAWABREH, Omar A. A. et al.
The Importance of Religious Tourism for Development of Sustainable Tourism: The Case of the Baptism Site in Jordan.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 13, n. 4, p. 909-924, june 2022.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/7049>. Date accessed: 26 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.4(60).01.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.