Correlation of Changes in Waste Generation in the Year Before and During the Pandemic in Surakarta City
Abstract
The city of Surakarta is one of the major cities in Indonesia that has been affected by COVID-19 with a high number of cases compared to cities in Central Java Province. The existence of COVID-19 not only has an impact on the health of the local community but also causes environmental problems. Therefore, to overcome these problems, a study was carried out on the effect of COVID-19 on changes in waste generation in Surakarta City. In this study, data were collected from local government inventory data, hypotheses, and data analysis using ANOVA. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the generation of domestic waste continues to increase during the pandemic, while the generation of waste in several public facilities such as transportation, parks, public places, and the Trade Office has decreased. The ANOVA analysis also shows that changes in the waste generation before and during the pandemic in Surakarta City were caused by changes in waste generation produced by domestic households and the government (Trade Department) while for other public facilities it did not affect these changes.
References
[2] Aratuo, D. N. and Etienne, X. L. 2019. Industry level analysis of tourism-economic growth in the United States. Tour. Manag., 70: 333–340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.09.004
[3] Bagus, P. and Sumadiyanto, H. 2020. Sustainable Waste Management Through ‘Peririq Bale Langgaq’ System In Lembar Village - Lombok Barat. J. Sanitasi dan Lingkung., 1(2): 73–77.
[4] Cordova, M. R. 2021. Unprecedented plastic-made personal protective equipment (PPE) debris in river outlets into Jakarta Bay during COVID-19 pandemic. Chemosphere, 268: 129360. DOI:10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2020.129360
[5] Ebner, N. and Iacovidou, E. 2021. The challenges of Covid-19 pandemic on improving plastic waste recycling rates. Sustain. Prod. Consum., 28: 726–735. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.07.001
[6] Escursell, S., Llorach-Massana, P. and Roncero, M. B. 2021. Sustainability in e-commerce packaging: A review. J. Clean. Prod., 280: 124314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124314
[7] Juwono, K. and Diyanah, K. 2021. Analisis Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga (Sampah Medis dan Non Medis) di Kota Surabaya Selama Masa Pandemi COVID-19. J. Ekol. Kesehat., 20(1). DOI:10.22435/jek.v20i1.3910 (in Indonesian)
[8] Khalid, U., Okafor, L. E. and Burzynska, K. 2021. Does the size of the tourism sector influence the economic policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic? Curr. Issues Tour., 24(19): 2801–2820. DOI:10.1080/13683500.2021.1874311
[9] Klemeš, J. J., Van Fan, Y., Tan, R. R. and Jiang, P. 2020. Minimising the present and future plastic waste, energy and environmental footprints related to COVID-19. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 127: 109883. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109883
[10] Larson, M. G. 2008. Analysis of Variance. Circulation, 117(1): 115–121. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.654335
[11] Noviarini, C. et al. 2022. Global Warming Potential from Public Transportation Activities During COVID-19 Pandemic in Jakarta, Indonesia. Int. J. Saf. Secur. Enginee, 5: 15–19, 2022.
[12] Ouhsine, O. et al. 2020. Impact of COVID-19 on the qualitative and quantitative aspect of household solid waste. Glob. J. Environ. Sci. Manag., 6: 41–52. DOI: 10.22034/GJESM.2019.06.SI.05
[13] Parashar, N. and Hait, S. 2021. Plastics in the time of COVID-19 pandemic: Protector or polluter? Sci. Total Environ., 759: 144274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144274
[14] Pramana, P. Utari, P. and Slamet, Y. 2021. Reducing Communication Uncertainty among Health Workers of UPT Puskesmas Purwodiningaratan, Surakarta in Health Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Multicult. Multireligious Underst., 8(5): 789–801.
[15] Sari, M. M. et al. 2022. Planning of Single-Used Mask Waste Containers as Personal Protective Equipment: A Case Study of Jakarta City Station. Int. J. Public Heal. Sci., 11.
[16] Sari, M. M. et al. 2022. Potential of Recycle Marine Debris in Pluit Emplacement, Jakarta to Achieve Sustainable Reduction of Marine Waste Generation. Int. J. Sustain. Dev. Plan., 17(1): 119–125.
[17] Sarwono, A. et al. 2021. Refuse Derived Fuel for Energy Recovery by Thermal Processes. A Case Study in Depok City, Indonesia. J. Adv. Res. Fluid Mech. Therm. Sci., 88(1): 12–23. DOI:https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.88.1.1223
[18] Septiariva, A. Sarwono, I. W. K. Suryawan, and B. S. Ramadan 2022. Municipal Infectious Waste during COVID-19 Pandemic: Trends, Impacts, and Management. Int. J. Public Heal. Sci., 11(2). DOI:http://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v11i2.21292
[19] Sharma, H. B. et al. 2020. Challenges, opportunities, and innovations for effective solid waste management during and post COVID-19 pandemic. Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 162: 105052. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105052
[20] Sheth, J. 2020. Impact of Covid-19 on consumer behavior: Will the old habits return or die? J. Bus. Res., 117: 280–283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.059
[21] Sina, P. G. 2020. Ekonomi Rumah Tangga Di Era Pandemi Covid-19. J. Manag. Small Mediu. Enterp., 12(2): 239–254. DOI: 10.35508/jom.v12i2.2697 (in Indonesian)
[22] Sunaryo, A. 2021. Selama Pandemi COVID-19, Volume Limbah Medis di Solo Naik 10 Persen. Available at: https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/selama-pandemi-covid-19-volume-limbah-medis-di-solo-naik-10-persen.html (in Indonesian)
[23] Suryawan, I. W. K. et al. 2021. Life Cycle Assessment of Solid Waste Generation During and Before Pandemic of Covid-19 in Bali Province. J. Sustain. Sci. Manag., 16(1): 11–21. DOI: 10.46754/jssm.2021.01.002
[24] Tokar, T., Jensen, R. and Williams, B. D. 2021. A guide to the seen costs and unseen benefits of e-commerce. Bus. Horiz., 64(3): 323–332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2021.01.002
[25] Vanapalli, K. R. et al. 2021. Challenges and strategies for effective plastic waste management during and post COVID-19 pandemic. Sci. Total Environ., 750: 141514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141514
[26] Zahra N. L. et al. 2022. Substitution Garden and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Waste as Refused Derived Fuel (RDF). Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev., 11(2): 523–532. DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.44328
[27] DLH Kota Surakarta, 2020. Data Lingkungan Hidup Kota Surakarta. Available at: https://dlh.surakarta.go.id/new/?p=as&id=24 (in Indonesian)
[28] UNEP 2020. Waste management an essential public service in the fight to beat COVID-19. United Nations, Geneava. Diakses 19 Oktober 2021. Available at: https://www.unep.org/
The Copyright Transfer Form to ASERS Publishing (The Publisher)
This form refers to the manuscript, which an author(s) was accepted for publication and was signed by all the authors.
The undersigned Author(s) of the above-mentioned Paper here transfer any and all copyright-rights in and to The Paper to The Publisher. The Author(s) warrants that The Paper is based on their original work and that the undersigned has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment. It is the author's responsibility to obtain written permission to quote material that has been previously published in any form. The Publisher recognizes the retained rights noted below and grants to the above authors and employers for whom the work performed royalty-free permission to reuse their materials below. Authors may reuse all or portions of the above Paper in other works, excepting the publication of the paper in the same form. Authors may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the above Paper for the Author's personal use or for internal company use, provided that the source and The Publisher copyright notice are mentioned, that the copies are not used in any way that implies The Publisher endorsement of a product or service of an employer, and that the copies are not offered for sale as such. Authors are permitted to grant third party requests for reprinting, republishing or other types of reuse. The Authors may make limited distribution of all or portions of the above Paper prior to publication if they inform The Publisher of the nature and extent of such limited distribution prior there to. Authors retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in The Paper. This agreement becomes null and void if and only if the above paper is not accepted and published by The Publisher, or is with drawn by the author(s) before acceptance by the Publisher.