Villages’ Revitalization Supports a Sustainable Agritourism in Albania
Abstract
Our study assesses the socio-economic impact of villages’ revitalization on the sustainable agritourism in Albania. From the data obtained from the interviews conducted, that the development of agritourism remains a good opportunity for the development of this sector and the promotion of entrepreneurship in rural areas. Analysis of questionnaire data on the impact of the project “100 villages” undertaken by the Government of Albania shows the impact of villages’ revitalization on supporting sustainable agritourism by increasing visitor interest, empowering entrepreneurship in rural tourism, mainly on agritourism farms through revitalization of economic activities such as agro-processing, production of traditional food and gastronomy. Revitalization of cultural heritage, objects and historical sites in villages as well as restoration of objects and archeological centers create premises for agro-tourism attractions.
References
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[28] Kizos, T. and Iosifides, T. 2007. The contradiction of agrotourism development in Greece: evidence from three case studies. South European Society and Politics, 12(1):59-77. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13608740601155443
[29] La Pan, C. and Barbieri C. 2013. The role of agritourism in heritage preservation, Current Issues in Tourism Letters, 17(8). DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2013.849667
[30] Lerman, Z. 2001. Agriculture in transition economies: from common heritage to divergence. Agricultural Economics, 26: 95–114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2001.tb00057.x
[31] Lu, D., Liu, Y., Lai I. and Yang L. A. 2017. An Important Emotional experience in Sustainable Tourism. Sustainability 9, 2189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122189
[32] Macdonald, R. M. and Jolliffe, L. 2003. Cultural rural tourism: Evidence from Canada. Annals of Tourism Research, 30 (2): 307–322. DOI: 10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00061-0
[33] Marques, H. 2006. Searching for complementarities between agriculture and tourism-the demarcated wine-producing regions of northern Portugal. Tourism Economics, 12: 147-155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5367/000000006776387141
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[36] Parish, S. 2020. Agritourism as a Solution to Rural Revitalization? A Case Study of North Durham Region, Thesis, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10214/17984
[37] Pike S. 2005. Tourism Destination Branding Complexity. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 14(4): 258-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/10610420510609267
[38] Pola, A.P. 2019. When Heritage Is Rural: Environmental Conservation, Cultural Interpretation and Rural Renaissance in Chinese Listed Villages. Built Heritage, 2: 64-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03545728
[39] Putu, D. R., Karine, D., Ying, W. 2021. Rural tourism: A systematic literature review on definitions and challenges. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 47: 134-149. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.03.001
[40] Rednak, M. and Volk, T. 2010. Agricultural Policy Measures Template – A Tool for Classifying and Analyzing Agricultural Policy Measures. In: Volk T. (ed.): Agriculture in the Western Balkan Countries. Halle: IAMO, 219-246. Available at: http://purl.umn.edu/96200
[41] Sadowski, A. and Wojcieszak, M.M. 2019. Geographic differentiation of agritourism activities in Poland vs. cultural and natural attractiveness of destinations at district level. PLoS ONE, 14(9): e0222576. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222576
[42] Sept, A. 2020. Thinking Together Digitalization and Social Innovation in Rural Areas: An Exploration of Rural Digitalization Projects in Germany. European Countryside, 12(2): 193–208. DOI: 10.2478/euco-2020-0011
[43] Štastná, M., et al. 2020. Cultural Tourism as a Driver of Rural Development. Case Study: Southern Moravia. Sustainability, 12: 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219064
[44] Sulaj, A. and Themelko, H. 2015. Impact of Urbanization to Demographic Changes Occurred in Recent Years in Areas along the Tirana-Durres Corridor. Anglisticum, and International Journal of Literature. Linguistics & Interdisciplinary Studies, 4 (1):43-46. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.0001/(aj).v4i1.220.g1708
[45] Sznajder, M., Przezborska, L. and Scrimgeour, F. 2009. Agritourism. Oxfordshire, UK: CABI. Available at: https://ejtr.vumk.eu/index.php/about/article/download/41/42/123
[46] Wojciechowska, J. 2014. A summary assessment of the Agritourism Experience in Poland, PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 12(3):565-579. DOI: 10.25145/j.pasos.2014.12.042
[47] Yacob, S., Ade, E., Siregar, P. and Kasuma, J. 2020. A model of rural tourism visiting intention: tourism impact and local community with competitive advantage perspective in Jambi Province. Indonesia. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(12): 1225-1230. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.12.213
[48] http://albania.globalfdireports.com/article/albanias-100-villages-revitalization-project/
[49] http://ata.gov.al
[50] https://europa.eu/regions-and-cities/programme/sessions/393_en
[51] https://www.monitor.al/projekti-100-fshatrat-nga-lazarati-tek-valbona-dhe-boboshtica-harta-e-plote/
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[54] MARD. 2018b. National Support Schemes for year 2018, available at: Available at: http://www.bujqesia.gov.al/al/programi/skema-kombetare-mbeshtetese-per-vitin-2018
[55] UNESCO. 2012. “Florence Declaration on Landscape”. Available at: http://iflaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/FLORENCE-DECLARATIONON-LANDSCAPE-2012-6.pdf
[2] Aikaterini, G., Ioannis, S. and Thanasis, K. 2001. Is Agrotourism “Agro” or “Tourism”? Evidence from agrotourist holdings in Lesvos, Greece. Anatolia, 12(1): 6–22. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2001.9686995
[3] Anthopoulou, T. 2000. Agrotourism and the rural environment: Constraints and opportunities in the mediterranean less-favoured areas. Springer Science, Business Media Dordrecht. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9584-1_22
[4] Apaza-Panca, C. M., Cruz Arévalo, J.E. S. and Apaza-Apaza, S. 2020. Agritourism: Alternative for sustainable rural development. Dominos des la Ciencias, 6(4): 207-227. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.23857/dc.v6i5.1596
[5] Barbieri, C., Xu Sh, Claudia, G.A and Rich, S. R. 2015. Agritourism, Farm Visit, or . . .? A Branding Assessment for Recreation on Farms. Journal of Travel Research, 55(8): 1094-1108. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287515605930
[6] Besra, N. 2018. Agritourism in Albania, Case Studies Summer Intern. Centre for International Development: Harvard Kennedy School, USA. Available at: https://albania.growthlab.cid.harvard.edu/files/albaniagrowthlab/files/besra_agritourism_2018.pdf
[7] Bhatta, K. and Ohe, Y. 2020. A Review of Quantitative Studies in Agritourism: The Implications for Developing Countries. Tourism and Hospitality, 1(1): 23-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp1010003
[8] Bhattacharya, A. 2013. Making art for livelihood-Scroll Painters Village in west Bengal, India: Study on tourism and intangible cultural heritage. Madrid, Spain: UNWTO. Available at: https://webunwto.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/2019-08/summaryview_UNWTO-Study-on-Tourism-and-Intangible-Cultural-Heritage.pdf
[9] Billore, S. 2018. Enriching Cultural Experiences from Rural Tourism: Case Studies from Japan. Tourism Planning and Destination Marketing, 141-159. DOI: 10.1108/978-1-78756-291-220181007
[10] Brandth, B. and Haugen, S. M. 2020. Farm Diversification into Tourism-Implications for Social Identity? Journal of Rural Studies, 27(1): 35-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2010.09.002
[11] Breiby, M.A., Duedahla, E., Øianb, H. and Ericssona, B. 2020. Exploring sustainable experiences in tourism. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 20(4): 335-351. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2020.1748706
[12] Bruch, M. L., et al. 2005. Agritourism in Focus. A Guide for Tennessee Farmers. Extension, PB 1754. University of Tennessee, USA. Available at: https://extension.tennessee.edu/publications/documents/PB1754.pdf
[13] Cano, M., Garzón, E. and Sánchez-Soto, P.J. 2013. Preservation and Conservation of Rural Buildings as a Subject of Cultural Tourism: A Review Concerning the Application of New Technologies and Methodologies. Journal of Tourism Hospitality, 2 (115). DOI: 10.4172/2167-0269.1000115
[14] Canovi, M. 2019. Resistance to agritourism diversification: An analysis of winery owners’ identities. Tourism Management Perspectives, 32, 100566. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100566
[15] Che, D., Veeck, A. and Veeck, G. 2005. Sustaining production and strengthening the agritourism product: Linkages among Michigan agritourism destinations. Agriculture and Human Values, 22: 225–234. DOI:10.1007/s10460-004-8282-0
[16] Chen, Y., Dax, T. and Zhang, D. 2019. Complementary Effects of Agricultural Tourism and Tourist Destination Brands in Preserved Scenic Areas in Mountain Areas of China and Europe. Open Agriculture, 4: 517-529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0050
[17] Erida, Y. S., Siregar, P.A. and Kasuma, J. 2020. A Model of Rural Tourism Visiting Intention: Tourism Impact and Local Community with Competitive Advantage Perspective in Jambi Province, Indonesia. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7 (12): 1225-1230. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.12.213
[18] Flanigan, S., Blackstock, K. and Hunter, C. 2015. Generating public and private benefits through understanding what drives different types of agritourism. Journal of Rural Studies, 41: 129–141. DOI:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.08.002
[19] Gaggio, D. (2016). The Farmhouse and the Museum: Rural Tuscany as Patrimony. In The Shaping of Tuscany: Landscape and Society between Tradition and Modernity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 194-237. DOI: 10.1017/9781316412480.006
[20] Gao J., Barbieri, C. and Valdivia, C. 2014. Agricultural landscape preferences: Implications for agritourism development. Journal of Travel Research, 53(3): 366-379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513496471
[21] Garau, Ch. 2015. Perspectives on Cultural and Sustainable Rural Tourism in a Smart Region: The Case Study of Marmilla in Sardinia (Italy). Sustainability, 7: 6412-6434. DOI: 10.3390/su7066412
[22] Grgić, I., Hadelan, L., Krznar, S. and Zrakić. M. 2017. Could rural tourism revitalize rural areas in Croatia? Agroeconomia Croatica, 7(1): 98-108. Available at: https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/280899
[23] Hall, D. 2004. Rural tourism development in southeastern Europe: transition and the search for sustainability. International Journal of Tourism Research, 6(3): 165-176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.482
[24] Huxham, Ch. 1996. Collaboration and Collaborative Advantage. In Creating Collaborative Advantage 1-18. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-2218. ISBN-0-8039-7499-1. Available at: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED417487
[25] Karunanithy, M. 2013. The Impact of Heritage Attributes on the Satisfaction of Tourism. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(27): 76-81. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267449775_The_Impact_of_Heritage_Attributes_on_the_Satisfaction_of_Tourism_in_Sri_Lanka
[26] Kelly, J. 2016. Developing an agri-tourism operation in Ontario. Retrieved October 13, Ontario, 2019. Available at: http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/busdev/facts/16-029.htm
[27] Khamung, R. 2015. A Study of Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Agriculture Conservation as a Means to Develop Rural Farms as Agritourism Destinations. Silpakorn University Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, 15(3):1-35. Available at: https://so02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hasss/article/view/44670
[28] Kizos, T. and Iosifides, T. 2007. The contradiction of agrotourism development in Greece: evidence from three case studies. South European Society and Politics, 12(1):59-77. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13608740601155443
[29] La Pan, C. and Barbieri C. 2013. The role of agritourism in heritage preservation, Current Issues in Tourism Letters, 17(8). DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2013.849667
[30] Lerman, Z. 2001. Agriculture in transition economies: from common heritage to divergence. Agricultural Economics, 26: 95–114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2001.tb00057.x
[31] Lu, D., Liu, Y., Lai I. and Yang L. A. 2017. An Important Emotional experience in Sustainable Tourism. Sustainability 9, 2189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122189
[32] Macdonald, R. M. and Jolliffe, L. 2003. Cultural rural tourism: Evidence from Canada. Annals of Tourism Research, 30 (2): 307–322. DOI: 10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00061-0
[33] Marques, H. 2006. Searching for complementarities between agriculture and tourism-the demarcated wine-producing regions of northern Portugal. Tourism Economics, 12: 147-155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5367/000000006776387141
[34] Myhrberg, K. 2011. Heritage from the Communist Period in Albania, an Unwanted Heritage Today? Department of Conservation: University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Available at: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/29221/1/gupea_2077_29221_1.pdf
[35] Nagy, H., Káposzta, J. and Meta B. 2017. The potentials of rural tourism in developing rural areas in Albania. DETUROPE – The Central European Journal of Regional Development and Tourism, 9: 188-206. Available at: https://www.deturope.eu/img/upload/content_66835464.pdf
[36] Parish, S. 2020. Agritourism as a Solution to Rural Revitalization? A Case Study of North Durham Region, Thesis, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10214/17984
[37] Pike S. 2005. Tourism Destination Branding Complexity. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 14(4): 258-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/10610420510609267
[38] Pola, A.P. 2019. When Heritage Is Rural: Environmental Conservation, Cultural Interpretation and Rural Renaissance in Chinese Listed Villages. Built Heritage, 2: 64-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03545728
[39] Putu, D. R., Karine, D., Ying, W. 2021. Rural tourism: A systematic literature review on definitions and challenges. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 47: 134-149. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.03.001
[40] Rednak, M. and Volk, T. 2010. Agricultural Policy Measures Template – A Tool for Classifying and Analyzing Agricultural Policy Measures. In: Volk T. (ed.): Agriculture in the Western Balkan Countries. Halle: IAMO, 219-246. Available at: http://purl.umn.edu/96200
[41] Sadowski, A. and Wojcieszak, M.M. 2019. Geographic differentiation of agritourism activities in Poland vs. cultural and natural attractiveness of destinations at district level. PLoS ONE, 14(9): e0222576. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222576
[42] Sept, A. 2020. Thinking Together Digitalization and Social Innovation in Rural Areas: An Exploration of Rural Digitalization Projects in Germany. European Countryside, 12(2): 193–208. DOI: 10.2478/euco-2020-0011
[43] Štastná, M., et al. 2020. Cultural Tourism as a Driver of Rural Development. Case Study: Southern Moravia. Sustainability, 12: 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219064
[44] Sulaj, A. and Themelko, H. 2015. Impact of Urbanization to Demographic Changes Occurred in Recent Years in Areas along the Tirana-Durres Corridor. Anglisticum, and International Journal of Literature. Linguistics & Interdisciplinary Studies, 4 (1):43-46. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.0001/(aj).v4i1.220.g1708
[45] Sznajder, M., Przezborska, L. and Scrimgeour, F. 2009. Agritourism. Oxfordshire, UK: CABI. Available at: https://ejtr.vumk.eu/index.php/about/article/download/41/42/123
[46] Wojciechowska, J. 2014. A summary assessment of the Agritourism Experience in Poland, PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 12(3):565-579. DOI: 10.25145/j.pasos.2014.12.042
[47] Yacob, S., Ade, E., Siregar, P. and Kasuma, J. 2020. A model of rural tourism visiting intention: tourism impact and local community with competitive advantage perspective in Jambi Province. Indonesia. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(12): 1225-1230. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.12.213
[48] http://albania.globalfdireports.com/article/albanias-100-villages-revitalization-project/
[49] http://ata.gov.al
[50] https://europa.eu/regions-and-cities/programme/sessions/393_en
[51] https://www.monitor.al/projekti-100-fshatrat-nga-lazarati-tek-valbona-dhe-boboshtica-harta-e-plote/
[52] https://www.unwto.org/rural-tourism
[53] MARD. 2018a. Integrated Programme for Rural Development – 100 villages: Available at: http://www.bujqesia.gov.al/al/programi/programi-i-integruar-per-zhvillimin-rural-programi-i100-fshatrave
[54] MARD. 2018b. National Support Schemes for year 2018, available at: Available at: http://www.bujqesia.gov.al/al/programi/skema-kombetare-mbeshtetese-per-vitin-2018
[55] UNESCO. 2012. “Florence Declaration on Landscape”. Available at: http://iflaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/FLORENCE-DECLARATIONON-LANDSCAPE-2012-6.pdf
Published
2022-03-31
How to Cite
SULAJ, Anila; TËRPOLLARI, Arben; KONDI, Brunilda.
Villages’ Revitalization Supports a Sustainable Agritourism in Albania.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 13, n. 2, p. 546-560, mar. 2022.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/6910>. Date accessed: 27 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.2(58).23.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.