Determination of Dissolved Pesticide Leachates in the West Africa’s Largest Natural Lake

Amina GARIBA; Jonathan OSEI-OWUSU; Albert ANIAGYEI; Boniface Yeboah ANTWI; Ralph KWAKYE; George ADUSEI; Aboagye Kwarteng DOFUOR; Bright VIGBEDOR

doi:10.14505/jemt.v13.1(57).11

Amina GARIBA Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
Jonathan OSEI-OWUSU University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Ghana
Albert ANIAGYEI University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ghana
Boniface Yeboah ANTWI Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Industrial Research, Ghana
Ralph KWAKYE University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ghana
George ADUSEI University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Ghana
Aboagye Kwarteng DOFUOR University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Ghana
Bright VIGBEDOR University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ghana

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.1(57).11

Abstract

Lake Bosomtwe in the Ashanti Region of Ghana is one of the largest naturally occurring lake in West Africa. The lake is surrounded by about 36 farming and fishing communities that use synthetic pesticides and herbicide in the cultivation of crops. These chemicals are likely to leak into the tributaries, contaminate the lake, and threaten the life of the aquatic animals. For this reason, a study of the levels of the active components of the pesticides in the lake were measured to monitor the water quality. A Gas Chromatographic equipped with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD) was employed in the measurements and levels of organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethoids. The GC-ECD analysis revealed that, the mean concentrations of organochlorines in the water sample were, Beta – HCH (0.03µg/L), Gamma – HCH (0.015 µg/L), Delta – HCH (0.012 µg/L), Endrin (0.014 µg/L), Beta-endosulfan (0.01 µg/L), Endosulfan (0.028 µg/L), and p, p’- DDT (0.012 µg/L). Heptachlor, Alpha-endosulfan, p,p’- DDE and Lambda-cyhal had concentrations less than 0.01 µg/L. Chloropyrifos was the only organophosphate detected with a mean concentration of 0.013 µg/L. The mean concentrations of the pyrethoids present were, permethrin 0.024 µg/L, cyfluthrin 0.016 µg/L and deltamethrin 0.017µg/L. A comparison of the measured concentrations with the WHO pesticides limit in water displayed lower levels and compliance to the standards. Detection of these pesticides residues indicates that, regulating farming activities along the boundaries of the lake will reduce the leakages with corresponding positive effect on the aquatic life.

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