Developing a Conceptual Model of Employee Ecological Behavior using an Integrative Approach
Abstract
In recent years, research on Green Intellectual Capital (IC) has received greater attention in organizational scholarship. This paper develops a conceptual model based on an integrative approach better to understand antecedents and outcomes of Green IC. The proposed model offers future research a holistic understanding of the antecedents and outcomes of Green IC that predict perceived CSR and environmental performance. Moreover, the study revealed a previously unexplored effect of Green IC on perceived CSR. This conceptual paper reviews theoretical approaches and uses intellectual capital-based view theory as underpinning to understand Green IC’s antecedents and outcomes. The authors developed a conceptual model with Green Human Resource Management (HRM) and environmental consciousness as antecedents and perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental performance as outcomes of Green IC. The authors also suggest that employee ecological behavior (EEB) may be influenced by perceived CSR and increase environmental performance. The study's findings would help an organization create a Green IC by the influential role of Green HRM practices and environmental consciousness. Recognition of the importance of Green IC could enable organizations to create more policies and strategies strengthening their formal CSR, EEB and improve environmental performance.
References
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[2] Ali, Waheed, et al. 2021. Does green intellectual capital matter for green innovation adoption? Evidence from the manufacturing SMEs of Pakistan. Journal of Intellectual Capital, no 72074176. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-06-2020-0204
[3] Allameh, S M, Abbasi, S. and Shokrani, S.A.R. 2010. “The Mediating Role of Organizational Learning Capability between Intellectual Capital and Job Satisfaction”. European Journal of Social Sciences, 17(1): 125–36.
[4] Alsmadi, Sami. 2007. Green marketing and the concern over the environment: Measuring environmental consciousness of Jordanian consumers. Journal of Promotion Management, 13(3–4): 339–61. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/10496490802306905
[5] AlSuwaidi, M., Riyad Eid, and Gomaa Agag. 2021. Understanding the link between CSR and employee green behaviour”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 46 (December 2020): 50–61. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.11.008
[6] Benevene, P. and Buonomo, I. 2020. Green human resource management: An evidence-based systematic literature review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12 (15). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12155974
[7] Benevene, P., et al. 2021. Management of Green Intellectual Capital: Evidence-Based Literature Review and Future Directions. Sustainability, 13 (15): 8349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158349
[8] Bissing-Olson, M.J., Fielding, K.S. and Iyer, A. 2016. Experiences of pride, not guilt, predict pro-environmental behavior when pro-environmental descriptive norms are more positive. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45: 145–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.01.001
[9] Bombiak, E. and Marciniuk-Kluska, A. 2018. Green human resource management as a tool for the sustainable development of enterprises: Polish young company experience. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10 (6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061739
[10] Brammer, S., Millington, A. and Rayton, B. 2007. The contribution of corporate social responsibility to organizational commitment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18 (10): 1701–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190701570866
[11] Brooking, A. 1996. Intellectual Capital – Core Asset for the Third Millennium Enterprise. International Thomson Business Press, London.
[12] Chang, Ching Hsun and Yu Shan Chen. 2012. The determinants of green intellectual capital. Management Decision, 50 (1): 74–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741211194886
[13] Chaudhry, N I, Bilal, A., Awan, M. and Bashir, A. 2016. The role of environmental consciousness, Green intellectual capital management and competative advantage on financial performance of the firms: An evidence from manufacturing sector of Pakistan. Journal of Quality and Technology Management, 12 (2): 51–70.
[14] Cheema, S., Afsar, B., Al-Ghazali, B. M. and Maqsoom, A. 2020. How employee’s perceived corporate social responsibility affects employee’s pro-environmental behaviour? The influence of organizational identification, corporate entrepreneurship, and environmental consciousness. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27 (2): 616–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1826
[15] Chen, Y.S. 2008. The positive effect of green intellectual capital on competitive advantages of firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 77 (3): 271–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9349-1
[16] Delgado-Verde, M., Amores-Salvadó, J., Martín-de Castro, G. and Navas-López, J.E. 2014. Green intellectual capital and environmental product innovation: the mediating role of green social capital. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 12 (3): 261–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/kmrp.2014.1
[17] Dumay, J., and Garanina, T. 2013. Intellectual capital research: a critical examination of the third stage. Journal of Intellectual Capital.
[18] Edvinsson, L. 1997. Intellectual Capital: Realizing Your Company’s True Value by Finding Its Hidden Brainpower. HarperCollins
[19] Farooq, K., et al. 2021. Exploring challenges and solutions in performing employee ecological behaviour for a sustainable workplace. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(17): 1–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179665
[20] Ferrell, O C, Thorne LeClair, D. and Ferrell, L. 1997. Environmental activities related to social responsibility and ethical climate. Journal of Marketing Management (10711988) 7 (2).
[21] Gill, Atif Ali, Balqees Ahmad, and Kazmi, S. 2021. The effect of green human resource management on environmental performance: The mediating role of employee eco-friendly behavior. Management Science Letters, 11: 1725–36. DOI: https://doi.org/doi:10.5267/j.msl.2021.2.010
[22] He, Jie, Morrison, A. M. and Hao Zhang. 2020. Being sustainable: The three-way interactive effects of CSR, green human resource management, and responsible leadership on employee green behavior and task performance. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, no November: 1–12. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2104
[23] Huang, H.-C., Lin, T.-H., Lai M.-C. and Lin, T.-L. 2014. Environmental consciousness and green customer behavior : An examination of motivation crowding effect. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 40: 139–49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.04.006
[24] Jabbour, C.J. C. 2013. Environmental training in organisations: From a literature review to a framework for future research. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 74: 144–55. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.12.017
[25] Jackson, S. E, Renwick, D. W.S., Jabbour, C.J.C. and Muller-Camen, M. 2011. State-of-the-art and future directions for green human resource management. German Journal of Research in Human Resource Management, 25 (2): 99–116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1688/1862-0000
[26] Jirawuttinunt, S. 2018. The Relationship between Green Human Resource Management and Green Intellectual Capital of Certified ISO 14000 Businesses in Thailand. St. Theresa Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 4 (1): 20–37.
[27] Kang, Gi-Du, and James, J. 2007. Revisiting the concept of a societal orientation: conceptualization and delineation. Journal of Business Ethics, 73 (3): 301–18.
[28] Khan, N. U., Anwar, M., Li, S. and Khattak, M.S.. 2021. Intellectual capital, financial resources, and green supply chain management as predictors of financial and environmental performance. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28 (16): 19755–67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12243-4
[29] Kim, Y.J., Kim, W. G., Choi, H. M. and Phetvaroon, K. 2019. The effect of green human resource management on hotel employees’ eco-friendly behavior and environmental performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76 (April 2018): 83–93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.04.007
[30] Levy, B.L.M. and Marans, R.W. 2012. Towards a campus culture of environmental sustainability. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education.
[31] Liao, H.-Y., Hsu, C.-T. and Chiang, H.-C. 2021. How Does Green Intellectual Capital Influence Employee Pro-Environmental Behavior? The Mediating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility. International Journal of Management Studies, 2 (2): 27–47.
[32] Ma, Y., Chen, S.C. and Ruangkanjanases, A. 2021. Understanding the Antecedents and Consequences of Green Human Capital. SAGE Open, 11 (1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020988867
[33] Malik, S. Y., Cao, Y., Mughal, Y. H. and Kundi, G.M. 2020. Pathways towards sustainability in organizations : Empirical evidence on the role of green human resource management practices and green intellectual capital. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12: 1–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083228
[34] Mansoor, A., Jahan, S. and Riaz, M. 2021. Does green intellectual capital spur corporate environmental performance through green workforce? Journal of Intellectual Capital. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-06-2020-0181
[35] Masoulas, V. 1998. Organisational requirements definition for intellectual capital management. International Journal of Technology Management, 16 (1–3): 126–43.
[36] Mishra, R. K., Sarkar, S. and Kiranmai, J. 2014. Green HRM: Innovative approach in Indian public Enterprises”. World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 11 (1): 26–42. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1504/WRSTSD.2014.062374
[37] Nisar, Q.A., et al. 2021a. Green human resource management practices and environmental performance in Malaysian green hotels: The role of green intellectual capital and pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Cleaner Production 311 (November 2020): 127504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127504
[38] Norton, T. A., Parker, S. L., Zacher, H. and Ashkanasy, N. M. 2015. Employee Green Behavior: A Theoretical Framework, Multilevel Review, and Future Research Agenda. Organization and Environment, 28 (1): 103–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026615575773
[39] Ones, D.S., and Dilchert, S. 2012. Environmental sustainability at work: A call to action. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5 (4): 444–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2012.01478.x
[40] Paillé, P., Chen, Y., Boiral, O. and Jin, J. 2014. The impact of human resource management on environmental performance: An employee-level study. Journal of Business Ethics, 121 (3): 451–66.
[41] Pan, C., et al. 2021. How Can Agricultural Corporate Build Sustainable Competitive Advantage through Green Intellectual Capital? A New Environmental Management Approach to Green Agriculture. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (15): 7900. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157900
[42] Raza, A., Farrukh, M. and Farhan, M. 2021. Corporate social responsibility and employees ’ voluntary pro-environmental behavior : The role of organizational pride and employee engagement. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, no December 2020: 1–13. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2109
[43] Reed, K. K., Lubatkin, M. and Srinivasun, N. 2006. Proposing and testing an intellectual capital-based view of the firm. Journal of Management Studies, 43: 867–893.
[44] Rezaei, Sohrab., Izadi, M., Jokar, I. and Rezaei, S. 2016. The relationship between green intellectual capital and competitive advantages. International Business Management, 10 (20): 4743–48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3923/ibm.2016.4743.4748
[45] Roeck, K.D. and Farooq, O. 2018. Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethical Leadership: Investigating Their Interactive Effect on Employees’ Socially Responsible Behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 151 (4): 923–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3656-6
[46] Sabokro, M., Masud, M. M. and Kayedian, A. 2021. The effect of green human resources management on corporate social responsibility, green psychological climate and employees’ green behavior. Journal of Cleaner Production, 313 (November 2020): 127963. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127963
[47] Saeed, B. B. et al. 2019. Promoting employee’s proenvironmental behavior through green human resource management practices. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 26 (2): 424–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1694
[48] Sheikh, A.M. 2021. Green intellectual capital and social innovation: the nexus. Journal of Intellectual Capital. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-11-2020-0361
[49] Sidik, M. H.J., Yadiati, W., Lee, H. and Khalid, N. 2019. The dynamic association of energy, environmental management accounting and green intellectual capital with corporate environmental performance and competitive advantages. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9 (5): 379–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8283
[50] Singhapakdi, A. et al. 2019. Effects of perceived organizational CSR value and employee moral identity on job satisfaction: a study of business organizations in Thailand. Asian Journal of Business Ethics, 8 (1): 53–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13520-019-00088-1
[51] Steg, L. and Vlek, C. 2009. Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: An integrative review and research agenda. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29 (3): 309–17. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.10.004
[52] Stewart, T. 1991. Brainpower intellectual capital is becoming corporate America’s most valuable asset and can be its sharpest competitive weapon. The challenge is to find what you have and use it. Fortune, 44–60.
[53] Su, L. and Swanson, S. R. 2019. Perceived corporate social responsibility’s impact on the well-being and supportive green behaviors of hotel employees: The mediating role of the employee-corporate relationship. Tourism Management, 72 (November 2018): 437–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.01.009
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Published
2022-03-04
How to Cite
FAROOQ, Khalid et al.
Developing a Conceptual Model of Employee Ecological Behavior using an Integrative Approach.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 13, n. 1, p. 29-38, mar. 2022.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/6806>. Date accessed: 19 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.1(57).03.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.