Potency and Development Strategy of Sungai Bersejarah Mangrove Ecotourism, Siak Regency
Abstract
Ecotourism, also called sustainable tourism, is a trendy mode of tourism today. Sungai Bersejarah mangrove ecosystem is one of the tourist attractions in Siak, Indonesia. This research was carried out from October 2020 to January 2021, aimed to determine the profile, potential and formulated a development strategy the area as an ecotourism destination. Data were collected from observations in the field, interviews with tourists and other tourism stakeholders. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The location can be reached by 4-wheeled vehicles, good road conditions and is 200 km to the capital of Riau Province (Pekanbaru). Existing facilities include parking areas, gates, tracking, seating, photo spots, huts, mangrove nurseries, and relaxing pier. The mangrove species found are Avicennia marina, Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora apiculata, Excoearia agallocha, Xylocarpus granatum, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora stylosa and Nypa fruticans. The mangrove density is 2,500 tree/ha and dominated by R. stylosa, X. granatum and E. agallocha. Animals in this location include birds, reptiles, mammals, amphibians, insects, decapoda, gastropods and fishes. The tourism suitability index (TSI) of this area is 74.53%. The SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity and threat) analysis recommends a set of strategy, namely fulfilling facilities, involvement of the surrounding community, human resources development and promotion.
References
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[2] Effendi, I., Elizal, E. and Jupendri, J. 2019. Identification of marine ecotourism objects on Pulau Jemur, Riau Province, Indonesia. ICFAES 2019. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 348 012032. IOP Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/348/1/012032
[3] Effendi, I., et al. 2018. Preliminary study on ecotourism potency of tropical forest and coastal area on PT Diamond Raya Timber concession area, Riau Province. IOP Publishing. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 216 012046. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/216/1/012046
[4] Fachriansyah and Yoswaty, D. 2012. Ecotourism Development In Tanjung Balai District, North Sumatera: Mangrove Forest Ecological Factors. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 4 (2): 346-359.
[5] Friess, D. A. 2016a. Mangrove forests. Current Biology 26: R746-R748. https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(16)30321-9.pdf
[6] Friess, D. A. 2016b. Ecosystem services and disservices of mangrove forests: insights from historical observations. Forests, 7: 183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f7090183
[7] Friess, D. A. 2017. Ecotourism as a tool for mangrove conservation. Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education, 1(1): 24-35. Available at: http://sjdgge.ppj.unp.ac.id
[8] Ginantra, I., Muksin, I. and Joni, M. 2020. Diversity of birds for ecotourism attractions in the mangrove ecosystem of Nature Conservation Forum Putri Menjangan. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 11(1): 54-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v11.1(41).07
[9] Ginantra, I., Suaskara, I. and Joni, M. 2018. Diversity of mangrove plant for support ecotourism activities in Nature Conservation Forum Putri Menjangan, Pejarakan Buleleng-Bali. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 9(5): 987-994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.5(29).10
[10] Hamuna, B., Rumahorbo, B., Keiluhu, H. and Alianto, A. 2018. Willingness to pay for existence value of mangrove ecosystem in Youtefa Bay, Jayapura, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 9(5): 907-915. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.5(29).02
[11] Harahap, I. and Effendi, I. 2020. The potential forest ecotourism in Suligi Hill, Riau Province, Indonesia. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1655 (2020) 011002. IOP Publishing. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1655/1/011002
[12] Hastuti, T. and Yuliati, U. 2018. A model for mangrove forest management based on community empowerment in Bantul Regency. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 8(6): 1232-1237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v8.6(22).10
[13] Henri, Ardiawati, S. 2020. Ecotourism development of Munjang mangrove forest and conservation efforts based on community approach. BioLink: Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan, Industri dan Kesehatan, 7 (1). DOI:https://doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v7i1.2952
[14] Kauffman, J. B. and Donato, D. C. 2012. Protocols for the measurement, monitoring and reporting of structure, biomass and carbon stocks in mangrove forests. Working Paper 86. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. www.cifor.org.
[15] Khakhim, N., et al. 2021. Adaptation of mangrove ecotourism management to coastal environment changes in the special region of Yogyakarta. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 12(3): 754-765. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.12.3(51).14
[16] Kitamura, S., Anwar, C., Chaniago, A. and Baba, S. 1998. Hand Book of Mangrove in Indonesia – Bali and Lombok. JICA ISME. 118 p.
[17] Kombo, I. 2016. Factors affecting eco-tourism development in Zanzibar. IJRDO-Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 1(8): 141-166. Available at: https://www.ijrdo.org/index.php/sshr/article/view/328
[18] Lau, J, D. and Scales, I. R. 2016. Identity, subjectivity and natural resource use: how ethnicity, gender and class intersect to influence mangrove oyster harvesting in the Gambia. Geoforum. 69: 136-146. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.01.002
[19] Mirsanjari, M. M. 2012. Importance of environmental ecotourism planning for sustainable development. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(2): 85-92. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.4.2.233-244
[20] Nelly, C., Rasnovi, S. and Zumaidar, Z. 2020. Mangrove Ecosystem Suitability for Ecotourism Management Recommendation in Iboih Village – Sabang. E3S Web of Conferences 151, 01060 (2020). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015101060
[21] Rudianto, R. and Ridho, M. 2019. Sustaining marine ecotourism through multi-use planning for securing mangrove ecosystems. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 10(6): 1281-1294. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v10.6(38).10
[22] Simanjuntak, S. W. and Supriharyono, H. 2018. Analysis of suitability and carrying capacity of tourism in Tidung Island, Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 6(78): 151-159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2018-06.16
[23] Spalding, M. 2010. World Atlas of Mangroves (1st ed.). Routledge. 336 p. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849776608
[24] Su X. 2015. Urban entrepreneurialism and the commodification of heritage in China. Urban Studies, 52: 2874-2889. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098014528998
[25] Surjanti, J., Soejoto, A., Seno, D.N. and Waspodo. 2020. Mangrove forest ecotourism: Participatory ecological learning and sustainability of students’ behavior through self-efficacy and self-concept. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 2 (1) 100009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2019.100009
[26] Uddin, M. S., Steveninck, D. E, Stuip, M. and Shah, M. A. 2013. Economic valuation of provisioning and cultural services of a protected mangrove ecosystem: A case study on Sundarbans Reserve Forest, Bangladesh. Ecosystem Services, 5: 88-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.002
[27] Walters, B. B., et al. 2008. Ethnobiology, socio-economics and management of mangrove forests: a review. Aquatic Botany. 89: 220-236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2008.02.009
[28] Yulianda, F. 2007. Marine ecotourism as an alternative to conservation-based resources utilization. Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor.
TIES (The International Ecotourism Society). 2015. TIES Announces Ecotourism Principles Revision. Nort Bennington. USA. Available at: https://ecotourism.org/news/ties-announces-ecotourism-principles-revision.
Published
2021-12-29
How to Cite
EFFENDI, Irwan et al.
Potency and Development Strategy of Sungai Bersejarah Mangrove Ecotourism, Siak Regency.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 8, p. 2272 - 2282, dec. 2021.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/6670>. Date accessed: 25 apr. 2024.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.