The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Egypt’s Tourism. New Challenges for Media Houses to Make Awareness for Safety to Travel
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the acceptance of national governments’ restrictions imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the Egyptian citizens’ safety perceptions of daily life and the future. Questionnaire 244 from Egyptian citizens. To identify the factors underlying the ‘‘acceptance of restrictions and measures’’ and the ‘‘Impacts of the COVID-19 threat on safety perceptions in 2021 to know the acceptance of restrictions to return to travel again after being vaccinated. The results reveal that in general, young generations accepted the measures and restrictions imposed by the respective governments and they accepted vaccination to return to travel. The originality of the study to the knowledge, besides the relevant studies already conducted on the impact of the COVID-19 crisis in the tourism field after the young generations, were vaccinated.
References
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[2] Anderson, R. M., Heesterbeek H., Don Klinkenberg, and Hollingsworth T.D. 2020. How Will Country-Based Mitigation Measures Influence the Course of the Covid-19 Epidemic? The Lancet 395, no. 10228: 931–34. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30567-5
[3] Attallah, N.. 2012. Evaluation of Perceived Service Quality Provided by Tourism Establishments in Egypt. Tourism and Hospitality Research 15, no. 3: 149–60. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358414567916
[4] Başer, G. and Rüya E.2021. The Effects of Covid-19 on the Hotel Physical Environment from the Perspectives of Tourists and Hotel Employees. COVID-19 and the Hospitality and Tourism Industry, 2021, 60–71. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800376243.00009
[5] Breisinger, C. Abla Abdel Latif, Mariam Raouf, and Manfred Wiebelt. “Economic Impact of Covid-19 on Tourism and Remittances: Insights from Egypt,” 2020. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133762_12
[6] Breisinger, C., Abla A. L., Mariam R., and Manfred W.2020. Economic Impact of Covid-19 on Tourism and Remittances: Insights from Egypt. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133762_12
[7] Cheron, E. J., and Ritchie J. R.1982. Leisure Activities and Perceived Risk. Journal of Leisure Research 14, no. 2: 139–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1982.11969511
[8] Chew, E. Y., and Siti A. J. 2014. Destination Image as a Mediator between Perceived Risks and Revisit Intention: A Case of Post-Disaster Japan. Tourism Management 40: 382–93. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.07.008.
[9] Depoux, A., et all. 2020. The Pandemic of Social Media Panic Travels Faster than the Covid-19 Outbreak. Journal of Travel Medicine 27, no. 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa031
[10] Farzanegan, M. R., Gholipour H.F., Feizi M., Nunkoo R., and Andargoli A.E. 2020. International Tourism and Outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Cross-Country Analysis. Journal of Travel Research 60, no. 3: 687–92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520931593
[11] Gössling, S., Scott, D., and C. Michael Hall C.M 2020. Pandemics, Tourism and Global Change: A Rapid Assessment of Covid-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 29, no. 1: 1–20. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
[12] Hall, C. M., Scott, D., and Gössling, S.2020. Pandemics, Transformations and Tourism: Be Careful What You Wish For. Tourism Geographies 22, no. 3 : 577–98. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1759131
[13] Hamilton, R.2014. Decisions at a Distance: Effects of Psychological Distance on Consumer Decision Making. Journal of Consumer Research 41, no. 2: iii-vi. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/675853
[14] Iaquinto, B. L.2020. Tourist as Vector: Viral Mobilities of COVID-19. Dialogues in Human Geography 10, no.2: 174–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2043820620934250
[15] Kaplan, L. B., George., and Jacob Jacoby J. 1974. Components of Perceived Risk in Product Purchase: A Cross-Validation. Journal of Applied Psychology 59, no. 3: 287–91.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0036657
[16] Koh, Gavin. 2020. Faculty Opinions Recommendation of Clinical Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3410/f.737258313.793570717
[17] Kozak, M., Crotts, J.C., and Law, R.2007. The Impact of the Perception of Risk on International Travellers. International Journal of Tourism Research 9, no. 4: 233–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.607
[18] Ma, Z. F., Zhang, Y., Luo, X., Li, X., Li, Y., Liu, S., and Zhang, Y. 2020. Increased Stressful Impact among General Population in Mainland China amid the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study Conducted after Wuhan City’s Travel Ban Was Lifted. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 66, no. 8: 770–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020935489
[19] Mitchell, V. W., and Vassos, V. 1998. Perceived Risk and Risk Reduction in Holiday Purchases: A Cross-Cultural and Gender Analysis. Journal of Euromarketing 6, no. 3: 47–79. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1300/j037v06n03_03
[20] Mohamed, Selim. 2021. International Tourism: Prospects for Development in the Post Coronavirus World (Egyptian Example). International Journal of Management. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34218/IJM.11.7.2020.102
[21] Mohamed, Khaira. 2020. The Impact of the Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemic on the Global. EconomyJournal of Management and Economics Research, no. 2: 10–20. DOI:https://doi.org/https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/122033 Arabic study.
[22] Monaco, Salvatore. 2021. Conclusion. Tourism, Safety and COVID-19, 140–56. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003195177-7
[23] Neumann, G., Noda, T., and Kawaoka, Y. 2009. Emergence and Pandemic Potential of Swine-Origin H1N1 Influenza Virus. Nature 459, no. 7249: 931–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08157
[24] Njerekai, Cleopas. 2021. The Impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Tourism Education. COVID-19 and the Hospitality and Tourism Industry, 187–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800376243.00018
[25] Nosier, Shereen, and Reham Salah. 2020. Forecasting Covid-19 Infections and Deaths Horizon in Egypt. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.28.20202911
[26] Nunkoo, Robin, and Haywantee Ramkissoon. 2011. Developing a Community Support Model for Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 38, no. 3: 964–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.01.017
[27] Olayemi, L. O., Boodoosingh, R., and Amosa-Lei Sam, F. 2020. Is Samoa Prepared for an Outbreak of Covid-19?” Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 33, no. 6-7: 797–98. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539520927283
[28] Peeri, N. C, et all. 2020. The Sars, Mers and Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Epidemics, the Newest and Biggest Global Health Threats: What Lessons Have We Learned? International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 3: 717–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa033
[29] Prideaux, B., Thompson, M., and Pabel, A. 2021. Lessons from Covid-19 Can Prepare Global Tourism for the Economic Transformation Needed to Combat Climate Change. Global Tourism and COVID-19, 213–24. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003223252-22
[30] Richter, Linda K.2003. International Tourism and Its Global Public Health Consequences. Journal of Travel Research 41, no. 4: 340–47. DOI: https//doi.org/10.1177/0047287503041004002
[31] Salem, I. E., Elkhwesky, Z., and Ramkissoon, H. 2021. A Content Analysis for Government’s and Hotels’ Response to Covid-19 Pandemic in Egypt. Tourism and Hospitality Research, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584211002614
[32] Seabra, C., AlAshry, M., Çınar, K., Raja, I., Reis, M., and Sadiq, N. 2021. Restrictions’ Acceptance and Risk Perception by Young Generations in a COVID-19 Context. International Journal of Tourism Cities ahead-of-print, no. ahead-of-print. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-08-2020-0165
[33] Stylidis, D., Biran, A., Sit, J., and Szivas, E.M. 2014. Residents' Support for Tourism Development: The Role of Residents' Place Image and Perceived Tourism Impacts. Tourism Management 45: 260–74. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.05.006
[34] Ulak, Nimesh.2020. Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Tourism Industry in Nepal. Journal of Tourism & Adventure 3, no. 1: 50–75. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3126/jota.v3i1.31356
[35] Yang, Y., Zhang, H., and Chen, X. 2020. Coronavirus Pandemic and Tourism: Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Modeling of Infectious Disease Outbreak. Annals of Tourism Research 83: 102913. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102913
[36] Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics. 1990. Tourism report. Available at: https://capmas.gov.eg/. Arabic report.
[37] Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics. 2006. Tourism report. Available at: https://www.capmas.gov.eg. Arabic report.
[38] Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics. 2011. Tourism report. Available at: https://www.capmas.gov.eg. Arabic report.
[39] Center for Information and Decision Support. (2020). COVID-19 Recovered Cases Reach 9786 - Ministry of Health. Retrieved July 25, 2020, from https://www.idsc.gov.eg/IDSC/News/View.aspx?id=15157. Arabic report.
Published
2021-12-29
How to Cite
ALASHRY, Miral Sabry; ALKHUDARI, Majid.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Egypt’s Tourism. New Challenges for Media Houses to Make Awareness for Safety to Travel.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 8, p. 2451 - 2262, dec. 2021.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/6668>. Date accessed: 19 apr. 2024.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.