South Batak Tradition for the Settlement of Environmental Disputes: A Tumbaga Holing Letter Model
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a lot of environmental destruction caused by human activities, such as: dumping garbage into rivers, lakes, seas, public roads and others. A series of environmental crimes arise because less firm of existing legal regulation on environmental protection. To seek the new model of environmental protection, an empirical research method with a normative juridical approach and a socio-legal approach were applied. The results of the study show that the South Batak community, based on intangible heritage, has a convention to protect nature and people from disaster and Sociological it was already applied for the environmental disputes resolution; it is through convention of South Batak of Tumbaga Holing Letter of Dalihan na Tolu (a tree parted system in community meeting). South Batak community practices a manifestation of the implementation of justice against the perpetrators of acts of environmental destruction with 7 (seven) types of sactions. The seventh sactions range from the low to hard punishments. It is a traditional model that can be adopted into the modenr regulation, public policy or laws for environmental protection. It found that the South Batak Comunity model in prevention of environment desctruction has a lot of elements of the judiciary that could be adopted and implementated for public policy and law making in national and international levels.
References
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[35] Law Number 32 of 2009 on Protection and Management of the Environment (in Indonesian)
[36] Law Number 32 of` 2004 tetang Pemerintahan Daerah (in Indonesian).
[2] Akib, M. 2016. Hukum Lingkungan:Perspektif Global Dan Nasional, Jakarta: Rajawali Pers. (in Indonesian)
[3] Amalia, N., Mukhlis, Yusrizal. 2018. Model Penyelesaian Sengketa dan Peradilan Adat di Aceh. Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 1 (25): 159. (in Indonesian)
[4] Arfa, F.A. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Islam, cet. 1. Bandung: Citapustaka Media Perintis, 69.
[5] Daulay, R.A.M. 2016. Budaya Pelestarian Lingkungan....Ibid, .Cit, hlm. 186.
[6] Dien, M.I. 2006. Islam and the Environment: theory and practice. Journal of Beliefs & Values, 18 (1): 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/1361767970180106
[7] Fidelia, T. and Salsabila, N. 2020, Penyelesaian Sengketa Lingkungan Hidup Perspektif Kearifan Lokal Indonesia, Law Review, XIX(3): 305. (in Indonesian)
[8] Fitriah, N. 2017. Tinjauan Yuridis tentang Kriteria Pencemaran dan Perusakan Lingkungan Menurut UU No. 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Holrev 1 (2). Available at: https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/276897-tinjauan-yuridis-tentang-kriteria-pencem-38c61151.pdf
[9] Gladun, E. and Zakharova, O.V. 2020. Traditional Environmental Values as the Frameworks for Environmental Legislation in Russia. Ethics, Policy & Environment 23 (1): 37. DOI:https://doi./10.1080/21550085.2020.1746004?journalCode=cepe21
[10] Hamid, K.A. 2016. Pilihan Hukum Adat dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa di Tanah Papua. Juenal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren, 1(1): 52. (in Indonesian)
[11] Harahap, AS. 2019. Social Conflict Settlement Through Regulation of Surat Tumbaga Holing in
[12] Jones, J. 2020. Muslim Alternative Dispute Resolution: Tracing the Pathways of Islamic Legal Practice between South Asia and Contemporary Britain. Journal of Minority Affair, 40 (1): 48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2020.1741170
[13] Karagiannis, E. 2014. When the green gets greener: political Islam's newly-found environmentalism. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 26 (1), 181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2014.959768
[14] Lestari, R. 2013. Perbandingan Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa Secara Mediasi di Pengadilan Dan di Luar Pengadilan di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 4 (2): 236. Available at: https://jih.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JIH/article/view/1819/1790 (in Indonesian)
[15] Lubis, MS, Munawir, Z & Matondang, SA. 2021. Planning the Food Estate for Community Development and Welfare. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 12(5): 1263-1268. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14505//jent.12.5(53).11
[16] Matondang, S.A. 2021. Sustainability effort of traditional “Lubuk Larangan” Forbidden Deep Pool Stream. WSEAS Transcations on Environment and Development, 17: 138-144, DOI: 10.37394/232015.2021.17.14
[17] Matondang, S.A., Rahma, S, Hramain, T. and Syahlan. 2019. The Traditional Culinary Business via Online and Changes of Human Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, 8(10): 1839-1841. Available at: http://www.ijstr.org/final-print/oct2019/The-Traditional-Culinary-Business-Via-Online-And-Changes-Of-Human-Behavior.pdf
[18] Natsir, M. and Rachmad, A. 2018. Penetapan Asas Kearifan Lokal Sebagai Kebijakan Pidana dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup di Aceh. Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal), 7(4): 486. Available at: file:///C:/Users/Windows%207/Downloads/42718-601-94701-1-10-20181231.pdf
[19] Nurdin, M. 2018. Penyelesaian Sengketa Melalui Peradilan Adat Aceh. LEGALITE: Jurnal Perundang Undangan dan Hukum Pidana Islam, III (2): 184. (in Indonesian)
[20] Pratama, R. 2015. Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Lingkungan Serta Pertanggungjawabannya Ditinjau dari Hukum Pidana di Indonesia. Lex Crimen IV (2): 115-116. Available at: https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/3250-ID-tindak-pidana-pencemaran-lingkungan-serta-pertanggungjawabannya-ditinjau-dari-hu.pdf (in Indonesian)
[21] Resmini, W. and Sakban, A. 2018. Mediasi dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa pada Masyarakat Hukum Adat. CIVICUS: Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, 6 (1): 8. Available at: http://journal.ummat.ac.id/index.php/CIVICUS/article/view/625/583 (in Indonesian)
[22] Ridho, M.M. 2017. Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa dalam Islam (Kajian Terhadap Konsep Islah Sebagai Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Perdata Dalam Islam). Thesis. Magister Ilmu Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. 19-20. Available at: http://eprints.ums.ac.id/60373/21/08%20naskah%20publikasi.pdf (in Indonesian)
[23] Ruknizar. 2017. Bentuk-Bentuk Perlindungan Hutan dalam Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif (Studi di Kawasan Hutan Seulawah Kecamatan Seulimeum). Thesis. Banda Aceh: Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry.
[24] Sari, I. 2016. Unsur-Unsur Delik Materiel dan Delik Formil dalam Hukum Pidana Lingkungan. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dirgantara–Fakultas Hukum Universitas Dirgantara Marsekal Suryadarma, 10 (1): 79. (in Indonesian)
[25] Shihab, M.Q. 2002. Tafsir Al-Misbah, Vol. 10. Jakarta : Lentera Hati, 405. (in Indonesian)
[26] Siombo, M.R. 2011. Kearifan Lokal dalam Perspektif Hukum Lingkungan. Jurnal Hukum, 18 (3): 442. (in Indonesian)
[27] Syah, D. 2019. Rekonstruksi Mediasi Penyelesaian Sengketa Lingkungan Hidup Berdasarkan Nilai Keadilan Pancasila. Tesis. Fakultas Hukum UNISSula: i. (in Indonesian)
[28] Tarabeih, H., Shmueli, D. and Khamaisi, R. 2012. Towards the Implementation of Sulha as a Cultural Peacemaking Method for Managing and Resolving Environmental Conflicts among Arab Palestinians in Israel. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development: 5 (1): 50. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2009.111021519905
[29] Tarlock, A.D. 1994. Local Government Protection of Biodiversity: What is its Niche?. Land Use Law & Zoning Digest 46 (4): 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00947598.1994.10395841
[30] Wibawa, I.P.S. 2016. Politik Hukum Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Menuju Ekokrasi Indonesia. Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 18 (1): 67. (in Indonesian)
[31] Wijayanti, A. and Achmad, L.S. 2011. Strategi Penulisan Hukum, 1st edition, Bandung: CV. Lubuk Agung, 97.
[32] Zhang. 2017. Legal framework and practice for environmental protection and application of green energy in China. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 38 (5): 489. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317372780_Legal_Framework_and_Practice_for_Environmental_Protection_and_Application_of_Green_Energy_in_China
[33] BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik). 2020. Environment Statistics of Indonesia 2019. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
[34] Greenpeace Indonesia. 2020. Tantangan Kita Bersama di Tahun 2020. Available at: https://www.greenpeace.org/indonesia/cerita/4544/tantangan-kita-bersama-di-tahun-2020/ (in Indonesian)
[35] Law Number 32 of 2009 on Protection and Management of the Environment (in Indonesian)
[36] Law Number 32 of` 2004 tetang Pemerintahan Daerah (in Indonesian).
Published
2021-12-01
How to Cite
HARAHAP, Anwar Sadat et al.
South Batak Tradition for the Settlement of Environmental Disputes: A Tumbaga Holing Letter Model.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 7, p. 1811 - 1825, dec. 2021.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/6575>. Date accessed: 04 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v12.7(55).07.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.