Major Ambient Air Pollutants and Toxicity Exposure on Human Health and Their Respiratory System: A Review
Abstract
Indoor and outdoor air pollution is causing environmental and health issues globally. It is more challenging mainly in developing countries like India, china, and others.According to recent World Health Organization (WHO) reports, nearly 4.2 million people die prematurely because of AAP (Ambient Air Pollution). Air pollution is made up of a variety of contaminants, including gases, liquids, heavy metals in the air, and particulate matter. Suspended particulate matter (SPM), surface ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NO2), and other contaminants have become major environmental threats to plant health. These pollutants also have an effect on human health because they affect the consistency of the air we breathe. They usually cause inflammation in the upper respiratory tract, resulting in cough and shortness of breath. These are also significant contributors to the exacerbation of current respiratory conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Epidemiological, toxicological, and clinical research all support the connection between air pollution and increased incidence and severity of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. This pollution is a major public health problem in the locations where maximum pollution sources exist. To improve air quality and reduce the adverse effects of airborne toxicity due to AAP on human health, significant approaches are needed. The main objective of this review article is to provide evidence on the adverse effects of AAP on human health, as well as to make recommendations to policymakers on how to minimize exposure to this risk factor. Only public awareness combined with a multidisciplinary approach by scientific specialists will be able to handle this problem; national and international organizations must address the rise of this threat and suggest long-term remedies.
References
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[2] Amâncio, C.T. and L.F.C. Nascimento (2012). Asthma and ambient pollutants: a time series study. Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 1992., 58(3): 302–7.
[3] Armbrust, D.V. (1986). Effect of particulates (dust) on cotton growth, photosynthesis, and respiration. Agron. J., 78(6): 1078.
[4] Bentayeb, M., et al. (2013). Indoor air pollution and respiratory health in the elderly. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A Tox Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng., 48(14): 1783–89.
[5] Burri, P. H. 1984. Fetal and postnatal development of the lung. Annual Review of Physiology, 46:617–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.46.030184.003153
[6] Burzyñski, M. and G. K3 obus (2004). Changes of photosynthetic parameters in cucumber leaves under Cu, Cd, and Pb stress. Photosynthetica, 42(4): 505–10.
[7] Cacciottolo, J. (2013). Lung health and outdoor air pollution - a review. J. Pharm. Pract., 76(19): 1-7.
[8] Carlisle, A. and Sharp, N. (2001). Exercise and outdoor ambient air pollution. Br. J. Sports Med., 35(4): 214–22.
[9] Chen, T-M., Gokhale, J. Shofer, S. and Kuschner, W.G. (2007). Outdoor air pollution: nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide health effects. Am. J. Med. Sci., 333(4): 249–56.
[10] Dandotiya, B. 2019. Health effects of air pollution in urban environment. Climate change and its impact on ecosystem services and biodiversity in arid and semi-arid zones. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7387-6.ch006
[11] Dandotiya, B., Jadon, N. and Sharma, H. K. 2018. Effects of meteorological parameters on gaseous air pollutant concentrations in urban area of Gwalior City, India. Environmental Claims Journal, 31 (1): 32–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2018.1507508
[12] Dodge, R., Solomon, P. Moyers, J. and Hayes, C. (1985). A longitudinal study of children exposed to sulfur oxides. Am. J. Epidemiol., 121(5): 720–36.
[13] Ekpemerechi, S.E., et al. (2014). Effect of air pollution on the foliar morphology of some species in the family euphorbiaceae in southwestern Nigeria. J. Sci. Technol. Ghana, 34(1): 21-29–29.
[14] Eller, B.M. (1977). Road dust induced increase of leaf temperature. Environ. Pollut. 1970, 13(2): 99–107.
[15] Fares, S., et al. (2013). Tropospheric ozone reduces carbon assimilation in trees: estimates from analysis of continuous flux measurements. Glob. Change Biol., 19(8): 2427–43.
[16] Farmer, A.M. (1993). The effects of dust on vegetation—a review. Environ. Pollut., 79(1): 63–75.
[17] Feng, Z., Shang, B., Gao, F. and Calatayud, V. (2019). Current ambient and elevated ozone effects on poplar: a global meta-analysis and response relationships. Sci. Total Environ., 654: 832–40.
[18] Forbes India | Business news, share market investment, India's richest people, startups
[19] Freer-Smith, P.H. and Taylor, G. (1992). Comparative evaluation of the effects of gaseous pollutants, acidic deposition and mineral deficiencies on gas exchange of trees. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 42(3): 321–32.
[20] Ghorani-Azam, A., Riahi-Zanjani, B. and Balali-Mood, M. (2016). Effects of air pollution on human health and practical measures for prevention in iran. J. Res. Med. Sci. Off. J. Isfahan Univ. Med. Sci., 21: 65.
[21] Ghude, S.D., et al. (2014). Reductions in India’s crop yield due to ozone. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(15): 5685–91.
[22] Gorai, A.K., Tuluri, F. and Tchounwou, P.B. (2014). A GIS based approach for assessing the association between air pollution and asthma in New York state, USA.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 11(5): 4845–69.
[23] Grulke, N. and Heath, R.L. (2019). Ozone effects on plants in natural ecosystems. Plant Biol. Stuttg.,
[24] Harmens, H., Mills, G. Hayes, F. and Norris D. (2011). Air pollution and vegetation, ICP Vegetation Annual Report 2010/2011: (http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/15072/1/ICP_Vegetation_annual_report_2010-11.pdf)
[25] Home Air Purifier Expert: Healthy Home Advice from An Industry Insider (home-air-purifier-expert.com)
[26] Jahan, S. and Iqbal, M. Z. (1992). Morphological and anatomical studies of leaves of different plants affected by motor vehicles exhaust. Med. J. Islamic World Acad. Sci., 5(1): 21-23.
[27] Jochner, S., et al. (2015). The effects of short- and long-term air pollutants on plant phenology and leaf characteristics. Environ. Pollut., 206: 382–89.
[28] Kasana, M.S. and Mansfield, T.A. (1986). Effects of air pollutants on the growth and functioning of roots Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Plant Sci.), 96: 429.
[29] Khan, A.A. and Malhotra, S.S. (1982). Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and glycollate oxidase from jack pine: effects of sulphur dioxide fumigation. Phytochemistry, 21(11): 2607-2612.
[30] Kim, D., Chen, Z., Zhou, L-F. and Huang, S-X. (2018). Air pollutants and early origins of respiratory diseases. Chronic Dis. Transl. Med., 4(2): 75–94.
[31] Künzli, N. and Tager, I.B. (2005). Air pollution: from lung to heart. Swiss Med. Wkly., 135(47–48): 697–702.
[32] Laumbach, R.J. and Kipen, H.M. (2012). Respiratory health effects of air pollution: update on biomass smoke and traffic pollution. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 129(1): 3–13.
[33] Lee, B. K. 2010. Sources, distribution and toxicity of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in particulate matter. In Air pollution, ed. V. Villanyi. Rijeka, Croatia: In Tech, ISBN: 978- 953- 307-143-5.
[34] Lelieveld et al., 2018, with permission from The Lancet Planetary Health.
[35] Lippmann, M. (1989). Health effects of ozone. A critical review. J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assoc., 39(5): 672–95.
[36] Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., Stavropoulos, A., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2020). Environmental and health impacts of air pollution: a review. Frontiers in public health, 8, 14.
[37] McCarthy, J.T., et al. (2013). Effects of ozone in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Exp. Dermatol., 22(5): 360–61.
[38] Muneer, S., et al. (2014). Effect of CO, NOx and SO2 on ROS production, photosynthesis and ascorbate–glutathione pathway to induce Fragaria×annasa as a hyperaccumulator. Redox Biol., 2: 91–98.
[39] Naidoo, G. and Chirkoot, D. (2004). The effects of coal dust on photosynthetic performance of the mangrove, Avicennia marina in Richards Bay, South Africa. Environ. Pollut. Barking Essex 1987, 127(3): 359–66.
[40] Neinhuis, C. and Barthlott, W. (1998). Seasonal changes of leaf surface contamination in beech, oak, and Ginkgo in relation to leaf micromorphology and wettability. New Phytol., 138(1): 91–98.
[41] Nelin, T.D., Joseph, A.M., Gorr, M.W. and Wold, L.E. (2012). Direct and indirect effects of particulate matter on the cardiovascular system. Toxicol. Lett., 208(3): 293–99.
[42] Ostro, B., et al. (2011). The effects of particulate matter sources on daily mortality: a case-crossover study of Barcelona, Spain. Environ. Health Perspect., 119(12): 1781–87.
[43] Podda, A., et al. (2019). Can nutrient fertilization mitigate the effects of ozone exposure on an ozone-sensitive poplar clone?. Sci. Total Environ., 657: 340–50.
[44] Pourrut, B., et al. (2011). Lead uptake, toxicity, and detoxification in plants. In: Whitacre D. M. (ed) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 213: 113–136.
[45] Rai, P.K. (2016). Impacts of particulate matter pollution on plants: implications for environmental biomonitoring. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 129: 120–36.
[46] Saha, D.C. and Padhy, P.K. (2011). Effects of stone crushing industry on Shorea robusta and Madhuca indica foliage in Lalpahari forest. Atmospheric Pollut. Res., 2(4): 463– 76.
[47] Sakaki, T., Kondo, N. and Sugahara, K. (1983). Breakdown of photosynthetic pigments and lipids in spinach leaves with ozone fumigation: Role of active oxygens. Physiol. Plant., 59(1): 28–34.
[48] Samoli, E., et al. (2013). Associations between fine and coarse particles and mortality in Mediterranean cities: results from the MEDPARTICLES project. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121 (8): 932–8.
[49] Samoli, E., et al. (2008). Acute effects of ambient particulate matter on mortality in Europe and North America: Results from the APHENA study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116 (11): 1480–6. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.11345
[50] Saneoka, H. and Ogata, S. (1987). Relationship between water use efficiency and cuticular wax deposition in warm season forage crops grown under water deficit conditions. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 33(3): 439–48.
[51] Saxena, P., Sonwani, S. and Kulshrestha, U.C. (2016). Impact of tropospheric ozone and particulate matter on plant health. In: Sarkar A. and Pandey D. (ed) Sustaining Future Food Security In Changing Environments, Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York, pp 21.
[52] Sett, R. (2017). Responses in plants exposed to dust pollution. Horticult. Int. J., 1(2): 53-56.
[53] Shanker, A.K., Cervantes, C. Loza-Tavera, H. and Avudainay-agam, S. (2005). Chromium toxicity in plants. Environ. Int., 31(5): 739–53.
[54] Sharma, H. K., Dandotiya, B. and Jadon, N. 2017. Exposure of Air Pollution and Its Health Effects in Traffic Police Persons of Gwalior City, India. Environmental Claims Journal, 29 (4): 305–15.
[55] Shimazaki, K., Sakaki, T. Kondo, N. and Sugahara, K. (1980). Active oxygen participation in chlorophyll destruction and lipid peroxidation in SO2-fumigated leaves of spinach. Plant Cell Physiol., 21(8): 1193–1204.
[56] Sierra-Vargas, M.P. and Teran, L.M. (2012). Air pollution: impact and prevention. Respirol. Carlton Vic., 17(7): 1031–38.
[57] Smith, K. R. 1987. Biofuels, air pollution, and health - A global review. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
[58] Stafoggia, M., et al. 2013. Short-term associations between fine and coarse particulate matter and hospitalizations in southern Europe: Results from the MED - PARTICLES project. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121 (9):1026–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10. 1289/ehp.1206151
[59] Thompson, M. (2005). Carbon monoxide. Available at: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/co/coh.htm
[60] Tiwari, S. (2013). Air pollution induced changes in foliar morphology of two shrub species at Indore city, India. Res. J. Recent Sci., 2: 195–99.
[61] Vallero, D.A. (2008). Fundamentals of air pollution. (4th ed). Amsterdam; Boston: Elsevier. pp 58-59.
[62] Wilkinson, S., Mills, G. Illidge, R. and Davies, W. J. (2012). How is ozone pollution reducing our food supply?, J. Exp. Bot., 63(2): 527–36.
[63] Yang, Q., et al. (2003). Association between ozone and respiratory admissions among children and the elderly in Vancouver, Canada. Inhalation Toxicology, 15 (13):1297–308.
[64] Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2019. Available at: https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/GINA-2019-main-report-June-2019-wms.pdf
[65] Handbook of Sustainable Travel, 2014
[66] Submitted to American Public University System
[67] Submitted to Oak Hills High School
[68] Submitted to Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education
[69] Submitted to S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University
[70] US EPA, OAR. (2014). Criteria air pollutants. Available at: www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants
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Published
2021-12-01
How to Cite
SINGH, Gourav Kumar; RAI, Swapnil; JADON, Nimisha.
Major Ambient Air Pollutants and Toxicity Exposure on Human Health and Their Respiratory System: A Review.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 7, p. 1774 - 1788, dec. 2021.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/6572>. Date accessed: 04 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v12.7(55).04.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.