Calm before the Storm in the European Tourism Sector: Pre-COVID-19 Multivariate Competitive Position Analysis in the 2011-2019 Period
Abstract
The impact of tourism on GDP results, inter alia, from the creation of various jobs in the widely understood tourism sector, as well as from travels made both by citizens within their country and by foreigners. Such travels entail expenditure on various goods and services. The coronavirus pandemic that broke out in 2020 caused significant losses in the economic area in all European Union (EU) countries. The restrictions implemented in connection with the pandemic affected the tourism sector the most.
The aim of this paper is an assessment of the competitive position of EU27 countries from the tourism sector perspective. The study is based on the analysis of the competitive position of the tourism sector in EU member countries in the pre-COVID era, which is why the research period was 2011-2019. The tool for achieving this objective was a multivariate comparative analysis. The position can be assessed on the basis of various sub-measures, but this does not give a complete picture, only a fragmented one. Our goal was to show the picture holistically - proposing the SMD methodology.
The conclusions of the study show that there is differentiation that persists over the long research period. The positions of individual countries are maintained. The same countries occupy both top and bottom positions. COVID-19 is a new factor, not included in the analysis, which may affect the results of such analyses in the future, both in short- and long-term perspective. In this context, our results can provide a starting point and a benchmark for assessing these developments in the coming years.
References
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[3] Balicki, A., 2009. Statystyczna analiza wielowymiarowa i jej zastosowania społeczno-ekonomiczne, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego (in Polish).
[4] Bednárová, L., Kiseláková, D., and Onuferová, E. 2018. Competitiveness analysis of tourism in the European Union and in the Slovakia. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 23(3): 759-771. DOI:https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.23312-326
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[9] Feurer, R., and Chaharbaghi, K. 1994. Defining Competitiveness: A Holistic Approach. Management Decision, 32(2): 49-58.
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[18] Önder, E., Yıldırım, B. F., and Ozdemir, M. 2013. Multi Criteria Decision Making Approach for Evaluating Tourism Destinations in Turkey. Academic Journal of Tourism and Management Researches, 1(1): 1-15.
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[20] Sánchez, A. G., and López, S. L. 2015. Tourism destination competitiveness: the Spanish Mediterranean case. Tourism Economics, 21(6): 1235–1254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2014.0405
[21] Siudek, T., and Zawojska, A. 2014. Competitiveness in the economic concepts, theories and empirical research. Acta Scientinarum Polonorum. Oeconomia, 13(1): 91-108. Available at: http://www.oeconomia.actapol.net/pub/13_1_91.pdf
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[23] Sotiriadis, M., and Varvaressos, S. 2015. A strategic analysis of Greek tourism: competitive position, issues and lessons. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 4(2). Available at: http://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article9vol4(2)_june_2015.pdf
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[26] Vengesayi, S., Mavondo F. T., and Reisinger Y. 2009. Tourism Destination Attractiveness: Attractions, Facilities, and People as Predictors. Tourism Analysis, 14: 621–636. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3727/108354209X12597959359211
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[47] WTTC 2021. Economic Impact Reports. World Travel & Tourism Council. Available at: https://wttc.org/Research/Economic-Impact
Published
2021-09-30
How to Cite
ŚLEDZIK, Karol et al.
Calm before the Storm in the European Tourism Sector: Pre-COVID-19 Multivariate Competitive Position Analysis in the 2011-2019 Period.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 6, p. 1676-1686, sep. 2021.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/6446>. Date accessed: 25 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.6(54).23.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.