Measurement of Competitiveness of Nature-Based Tourist Destinations: application to National Parks in Brazil
Abstract
The theme of the competitiveness of tourist destinations is broad and complex, and so are the various evaluation models being tested for various destination typologies. Understanding destination competitiveness leads to the ability to increase tourism revenue, attract more visitors, and provide satisfying and memorable experiences. This study aims to evaluate the factors of Competitiveness of Nature-Based Tourist Destinations, from the perspective of demand. The matrix of attributes was submitted to 637 visitors from the 74 Brazilian national parks, in January 2019, through an online form containing the 59 attributes validated by experts in the area and managers. Data collected from visitors were used to create a structural method. The analyses involved three steps: demographic descriptive analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multiple groups confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA). The results confirmed 26 attributes, organized into five factors: Cultural Attractions, Infrastructure and Supporting Factors, Destination Management, Sustainability and Residents’ Quality of Life.
References
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[17] Cronjé, D. F., and du Plessis, E. 2020. A review on tourism destination competitiveness. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45: 256-265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.06.012
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[22] Dwyer, L., Cvelbar, L. K., Mihalič, T. and Koman, M. 2014. Integrated destination competitiveness model: testing its validity and data accessibility. Tourism analysis 19(1): 1-17. DOI:https://doi.org:/10.3727/108354214X13927625340073
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[24] Eddyono, F., Darusman, D., Sumarwan, U. and Sunarminto, T. 2021. Performance of Tourism Competitiveness in National Park Area of Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 12(4): 1099-110. DOI: https://doi.org:/10.14505//jemt.v12.4(52).22
[25] Enright, M. J. and Newton, J. 2004. Tourism destination competitiveness: a quantitative approach. Tourism Management, 25(6): 777-788. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.06.008
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[29] Gooroochurn, N. and Sugiyarto, G. 2005. Competitiveness indicators in the travel and tourism industry. Tourism Economics 11(1): 25-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5367/0000000053297130
[30] Hair, J. F., et al. 2009. Análise multivariada de dados. Porto Alegre, Bookman Editora.
[31] Hallmann, K., Müller, S. and Feiler, S. 2014. Destination competitiveness of winter sport resorts in the Alps: how sport tourists perceive destinations? Current Issues in Tourism, 17(4): 327-49. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2012.720247
[32] Hardiman, N. and Burgin, S. 2017. Nature tourism trends in Australia with reference to the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 25(6): 732-745. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1231807
[33] Hassan, S. S. 2000. Determinants of market competitiveness in an environmentally sustainable tourism industry. Journal of travel research 38(3): 239-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750003800305
[34] Heath, E. 2003. Towards a model to enhance destination competitiveness: A Southern African perspective. CAUTHE 2003: Riding the Wave of Tourism and Hospitality Research 500.
[35] Huybers, T. and Bennett, J. 2003. Environmental management and the competitiveness of nature-based tourism destinations. Environmental and Resource Economics 24(3): 213-233.
[36] Jovan, Z. and Bradić-Martinović, A. 2014. Competitiveness of Nations in selected SEE Countries. Procedia Economics and Finance 8: 755-762. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00154-3
[37] Knežević Cvelbar, L., Dwyer, L., Koman, M. and Mihalič, T. 2015. Drivers of destination competitiveness in tourism: a global investigation. Journal of Travel Research, 55(8): 1041-1050. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287515617299
[38] Law, F. Y. and Lo, M. C. 2016. Rural Tourism Destination Competitiveness of Kubah National Park in Sarawak: Tourists’ Perspective.” Asian Academy of Management Journal, 21: 127-148. DOI:https://doi.org/10.21315/aamj2016.21.supp.1.6
[39] Marconi, M. D. A. and Lakatos, E. M. 2001. Metodologia científica. São Paulo: Atlas.
[40] Mazanec, J. A., Wöber, K. and Zins, A. H. 2007. Tourism destination competitiveness: from definition to explanation? Journal of Travel Research, 46(1): 86-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507302389
[41] Medeiros, R., and Young, C. E. F. 2011. Contribuição das unidades de conservação brasileiras para a economia nacional. Brasília: UNEP. 2011
[42] Mihalič, T. 2000. Environmental management of a tourist destination: A factor of tourism competitiveness. Tourism management 21(1): 65-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00096-5
[43] Oliveira, A. G. C. 2017. Unidades de conservação: desafios e alternativas de gestão econômica dos parques nacionais, Phd diss, Brazilian University.
[44] Perles-Ribes, J. F., Ramón-Rodríguez, A. B. and Sevilla-Jiménez, M. 2014. La cuota de mercado como indicador de competitividad en los destinos turísticos: sentido y limitaciones. Cuadernos de Turismo, 34: 265-285.
[45] Porter, M. E. 1989. The competitive advantage of nations. Harvard business review, 68(2): 73-93.
[46] Puustinen, J., Pouta, E., Neuvonen, M. and Sievänen, T. 2009. Visits to national parks and the provision of natural and man-made recreation and tourism resources. Journal of Ecotourism, 8(1): 18-31. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/14724040802283210
[47] Rabahy, W. A., and Ignarra, L. R. 2002. Estudo sobre o Turismo Praticado em Ambientes Naturais Conservados. Retrieved from http://www.terrabrasilis.org.br/ecotecadigital/images/abook/pdf/Set.14.66.pdf On Out 01 2020.
[48] Ramkissoon, H. and Mavondo, F. 2014. Proenvironmental behavior: The link between place attachment and place satisfaction. Tourism Analysis 19(6): 673-688. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3727/108354214X14146846679286
[49] Ritchie, J. B. and Crouch, G. I. 1993. Competitiveness in international tourism: A framework for understanding and analysis. World Tourism Education and Research Centre, University of Calgary.
[50] Ritchie, J. B. and Crouch, G. I. 2003. The competitive destination: A sustainable tourism perspective. Cabi.
[51] Ritchie, J. R., and Crouch, G. I. 2010. A model of destination competitiveness/sustainability: Brazilian perspectives. Revista de Administração Pública 44(5): 1049-1066. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-76122010000500003
[52] Sanz-Ibáñez, C. and Anton Clavé, S. 2014. The evolution of destinations: towards an evolutionary and relational economic geography approach. Tourism Geographies 16(4): 563-79. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2014.925965
[53] Saraniemi, S. and Kylänen, M. 2011. Problematizing the concept of tourism destination: An analysis of different theoretical approaches. Journal of travel research, 50(2): 133-43. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287510362775
[54] Schwab, K. 2018. The global competitiveness report 2018. In World Economic Forum.
[55] Soifer, J. 2008. Empreender turismo e ecoturismo. Qualitymark Editora Ltda.
[56] Souza, T., Thapa, B., Rodrigues, C. G. D. O. and Imori, D. 2019. Economic impacts of tourism in protected areas of Brazil. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 27(6): 735-749. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1408633
[57] Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S. and Ullman, J. B. 2007. Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5, pp. 481-498). Boston, MA: Pearson.
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Published
2021-09-10
How to Cite
DOS ANJOS, Francisco Antonio; DA ROSA, Sabrina.
Measurement of Competitiveness of Nature-Based Tourist Destinations: application to National Parks in Brazil.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 5, p. 1204-1219, sep. 2021.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/6347>. Date accessed: 25 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.5(53).05.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.