The Implication of Transnational Communication Framework on Domestic Plastic Policy Understanding. A Study of Tourism’s SMEs in Thailand
Abstract
Ironically, with an overwhelming usage of plastic shopping bags, and product packaging among Thailand’s small medium enterprises like the nation’s tourism street markets, literature, and informed practices on Thailand’s domestic plastic policy communications towards a policy understanding, are still insufficient. The current condition has eventually made this study possible. The research significance has reflected the diffusion of transnational communication framework towards domestic policy transfer and underscored a better attempt of policy understanding process especially towards tourism’s SME. The research employed a quantitative methodology with a total of 380 paper questionnaires distributed to SME sellers at Chatuchak Weekend Market in Bangkok. While the research endeavored to exercise the policy communications evidence of two major plastic policies in Thailand (National 3R Strategy Campaign & Plastic Debris Management Plan 2017-2021), of 380 respondents, 300 (79% response rate) were validated and proceeded to the next sequence of the survey as they had knowledge about mentioned two policies. With three types of communications venues proposed (non-formal, semi-formal & formal) and targeting three different policy understandings (objective, subjective & overall policy understanding), the finding has shown that all proposed communication venues, although robustly designed by an applicable theoretical foundation, did not contribute to the plastic’s overall policy understanding. Nevertheless, formal communication venues contributed positively toward an objective understanding of the policy, and non-formal venues toward subjective understanding. Most significantly, the distinctive finding of this research is a strong argument that Thailand’s government has not fully deemed the effective strategy and framework for its domestic plastic policy transfer - notably to tourism’s SMEs.
References
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[3] Bandura, A. 1993. Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational psychologist, 28(2): 117-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2802_3
[4] Bunea, A. and Thomson, R. 2015. Consultations with Interest Groups and the Empowerment of Executives: Evidence from the European Union. Governance, 28(4): 517-531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12119
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[6] Buurma, H. 2001. Public policy marketing: marketing exchange in the public sector. European Journal of Marketing. DOI: 10.1108/EUM0000000006483
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[12] Haas, P.M. 1992. Introduction: epistemic communities and international policy coordination. International organization: 1-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300001442
[13] Head, B. W. 2016. Toward more “evidence‐informed” policy making? Public Administration Review, 76(3): 472-484. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12475
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[20] Liang, Y. et al. 2021. An analysis of plastic waste trade and management in Asia. Waste Management, 119: 242-253. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.049
[21] Liefferink, J. D., Jörgens, H. and Lenschow, A. 2014. Introduction: theoretical framework and research design. In: Jörgens, Helge, Andrea Lenschow, and Duncan Liefferink, eds. Understanding environmental policy convergence: the power of words, rules and money. Cambridge University Press.
[22] Menon, A. and Menon, A. 1997. Enviropreneurial marketing strategy: the emergence of corporate environmentalism as market strategy. Journal of marketing, 61(1): 51-67. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299706100105
[23] Mu, R., Li, Y. and Fu, Y. 2018. Can Government Communication Facilitate Policy Understanding Toward Energy Conservation? Evidence from an Old Industrial Base in China. Sustainability, 10(9): 3222. DOI:10.3390/su10093222
[24] Pintrich, P. R. 1999. The role of motivation in promoting and sustaining self-regulated learning. International journal of educational research, 31(6): 459-470. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-0355(99)00015-4
[25] Porumbescu, G. A., Lindeman, M. I., Ceka, E. and Cucciniello, M. 2017b. Can transparency foster more understanding and compliant citizens? Public Administration Review, 77(6): 840-850. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12790
[26] Porumbescu, G., Bellé, N., Cucciniello, M. and Nasi, G. 2017a. Translating policy transparency into policy understanding and policy support: Evidence from a survey experiment. Public Administration, 95(4): 990-1008. DOI: 10.1111/padm.12347
[27] Proshad, R., et al. 2017. Toxic effects of plastic on human health and environment: A consequences of health risk assessment in Bangladesh. International Journal of Health, 6(1): 1-5. DOI: 10.14419/ijh.v6i1.8655
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[29] Risse, T. 2002. Transnational Actors and World Politics. In: W. Carlsnaes, T. Risse & B. Simmons. (eds.), Handbook of International Relations. London: Sage.
[30] Rose, R. 1991. What is lesson-drawing? Journal of Public Policy, 11: 3–30. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X00004918
[31] Singh, P. and Sharma, V. P. 2016. Integrated plastic waste management: environmental and improved health approaches. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 35: 692-700. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.07.068
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[49] United Nations. 2021. Micro-, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Day. https://www.un.org/en/observances/micro-small-medium-businesses-day
Published
2021-09-10
How to Cite
SYAH, Ahmad Mujafar et al.
The Implication of Transnational Communication Framework on Domestic Plastic Policy Understanding. A Study of Tourism’s SMEs in Thailand.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 5, p. 1155-1170, sep. 2021.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/6343>. Date accessed: 08 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.5(53).01.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.