Biodiversity of Birds in Urban Green Space for Support Ecotourism activities in Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University Thailand
Abstract
Bird watching is one of the attractive ecotourism activities for travelers and nature enthusiasts, which rapidly growing in Thailand. This study aims to: (1) explore bird diversity in various green spaces in ValayaAlongkorn Rajabhat University (VRU); and (2) examine which bird species dominates the study areas. Bird data were collected using point count techniques in two sessions; early morning, and late afternoon, at VRU from May 2020 to April 2021. Frequency of occurrence value (FQ) was analyzed for classifying status groups of birds in the VRU. Order Passeriformes was numerically the dominant order in our study area, with 22 species (47.7% of total represented species), while the other bird orders were the least dominant, represented by 1 to 5 species in range. A total of 47 species of birds belonging to 29 Families and 12 Orders were recorded. During this study, significantly, the highest bird richness was recorded in agriculture areas (35 ± 2.3 SD), followed by the species from recreation areas (27 ± 1.8 SD) and natural wetland (17 ± 1.7 SD) (P>0.05). Five migrant bird species and 35 resident species were observed, and 10 bird species were recorded in both the seasonal status as migrant and resident species. Most of the bird species are listed as of least concern, while only one species, Mycteria leucocephala, are listed as near-threatened. Nine bird species are classified as common species in the VRU with > 80 % of frequency of occurrence. The pattern of bird diversity in the VRU in general follows the natural condition of green area space in the VRU. Typical characteristics of birds, their habitat and appearing period can develop bird-watching objects, which become interesting attractions for travelers and nature enthusiasts, promoting ecotourism development and efforts to conserve bird diversity.
References
[2] Callaghan, C.T., Richard, E.M., Mitchell, B.L., John, M.M., Richard, T.K. 2018. The effects of local and landscape habitat attributes on bird diversity in urban greenspaces. Ecosphere Anesa Open Access Journal. vol-9(7). DOI: http://doi.org/ org/10.1002/ecs2.2347.
[3] Chan, R., Bhatta, DK. 2013. Ecotourism planning and sustainable community development. Theoretical perspectives for Nepal. South Asian Journal of Tourism and Heritage. vol. 6 (1). https://www.academia.edu/download/31163907/Microsoft_Word.
[4] Diamantis, D. 2010. The concept of ecotourism: evolution and trends. Current Issues in Tourism, vol, 2(2)93-122. DOI:http://doi.org/10.1080/13683509908667847.
[5] Gatesire, T., Nsabimana, D., Nyiramana, A., Seburanga, J.L., Mirville, M.O. 2014. Bird diversity and distribution in relation to urban landscape types in Northern Rwanda. The Scientific World Journal, DOI:http://doi.org/10.1155/2014/157824.
[6] Hakim, L. 2017. Managing biodiversity for a competitive ecotourism industry in tropical developing countries: New opportunities in biological fields. In AIP Conference Proceedings. vol-1908(1) DOI:http://doi.org/10.1063/1.5012708.
[7] Johnson, D.H. 2001. Habitat fragmentation effects on birds in grasslands and wetlands: a critique of our knowledge. Great Plains Research, vol-11(2):211-231.
[8] Kiros, S., Afework, B., Legese. K. 2018. A preliminary study on bird diversity and abundance from Wabe fragmented forests around Gubre subcity and Wolkite town, Southwestern Ethiopia. International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology, vol-3(5): 333-340.
[9] Lepczyk,C.A., Aronson, M.F.J., Evans, K.L., Goddard, M.A., Lerman, S.B., MacIvor, J.S. 2017. Biodiversity in the city: fundamental questions for understanding the ecology of urban green spaces for biodiversity conservation. BioScience. vol-67(9):799–807. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix079.
[10] Mansor, M.S., Sah, S.A.M. 2012. Foraging patterns reveal niche separation in tropical insectivorous birds. Acta Ornithologica, vol-47 (1): 27-36. DOI: http://doi.org/10.3161/000164512X653890.
[11] Maxim, C. 2016. Sustainable tourism implementation in urban areas: a case study of London. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol-24(7), 971–989. DOI:http://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.111551.
[12] Peh, K.S.H., Sodhi, N.S., de Jong, J., Sekercioglu, C.H., Yap, C.A.M., Lim, S.L.H. 2006. Conservation value of degraded habitats for forest birds in southern Peninsular Malaysia. Diversity and Distributions, 12: 572-581. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00257.x.
[13] Puhakka, L., Salo, M., Saaksjarvi, I.E. 2011. Bird diversity, birdwatching tourism and conservation in Peru: a geographic analysis. PLoS One, vol-6(11). DOI: http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026786.
[14] Sekercioglu, H.C. 2006. Increasing awareness of avian ecological function. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. vol-21(8):464-471. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2006.05.007.
[15] Tanalgo, K.C., Pineda, J.A.F., Agravante, M.E., Amerol, Z.M. 2015. Bird diversity and structure in different land-use types in lowland south-central Mindanao, Philippines. Tropical Life Sciences Research, vol-26(2):85-103. PMID: 26868712; PMCID: PMC4729410.
[16] Treesucorn, U., and Limparungpatthanakij, W. 2018. Birds of Thailan. Lynx and BirdLife International Field Guides. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. 452 p.
[17] Whelan, C.J., Wenny, D.G., Marquis, R.J. 2008. Ecosystem services provided by birds. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol-1134(1), 25-60. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1439.003.
The Copyright Transfer Form to ASERS Publishing (The Publisher)
This form refers to the manuscript, which an author(s) was accepted for publication and was signed by all the authors.
The undersigned Author(s) of the above-mentioned Paper here transfer any and all copyright-rights in and to The Paper to The Publisher. The Author(s) warrants that The Paper is based on their original work and that the undersigned has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment. It is the author's responsibility to obtain written permission to quote material that has been previously published in any form. The Publisher recognizes the retained rights noted below and grants to the above authors and employers for whom the work performed royalty-free permission to reuse their materials below. Authors may reuse all or portions of the above Paper in other works, excepting the publication of the paper in the same form. Authors may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the above Paper for the Author's personal use or for internal company use, provided that the source and The Publisher copyright notice are mentioned, that the copies are not used in any way that implies The Publisher endorsement of a product or service of an employer, and that the copies are not offered for sale as such. Authors are permitted to grant third party requests for reprinting, republishing or other types of reuse. The Authors may make limited distribution of all or portions of the above Paper prior to publication if they inform The Publisher of the nature and extent of such limited distribution prior there to. Authors retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in The Paper. This agreement becomes null and void if and only if the above paper is not accepted and published by The Publisher, or is with drawn by the author(s) before acceptance by the Publisher.