Performance of Tourism Competitiveness in National Park Area of Indonesia
Abstract
Essentially tourism Indonesia has certain excellence natural attraction wealth, one of them is the largest tropical forest products after Brazil and having 54 national parks. This country also has a nature property and the diversity of culture, typical living culture and a bonus of demographic to participate in tourism. Nowadays, Indonesian government is setting a tourism sector as one of a priority program. Measuring the performance of the tourism sector is not only measured by the number of tourists visit but the impact of the tourism sector is also to be able to become income sources and income in the region. Therefore, we present an assessment regarding to a potential correlation and characteristics of the tourism competitiveness through a non-tax income receipts on the site of a national park, and local government revenue, and tourist arrival at districts with its national park in Indonesia. We employ method of clusters and canonical correlation analysis. As results, we formed 3 (three) clusters of areas that have a national park based on the characteristics of potential tourism competitiveness. From these clusters, the tourism competitiveness, the most superior factor is security purchasing power parity, price competitiveness, tourist service infrastructure, openness indicator, environment indicator, and social development indicator. We conclude finally that none of the competitiveness of tourism in the region has a strong correlation in the non-tax income on the site of a national park, and local government revenue, and tourist’s arrival in districts with its a national park in Indonesia.
References
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[2] Ayikoru, M. 2015. Destination competitiveness challenges: A Ugandan perspective. Tourism Management, vol. 50, 142–158.
[3] Bahar, O., and Kozak, M. 2007. Advancing destination competitiveness research. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, vol. 22, no. 2, 61–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v22n02_05.
[4] Brida, J.G., and Risso, W.A. 2009. Tourism as a factor of long-run economic growth: An empirical analysis for Chile. European Journal of Tourism Research, vol. 2, no. 2.
[5] Ciacci, A., Ivaldi, E., Mangano, S., and Ugolini, G.M. 2021. Environment, logistics and infrastructure: the three dimensions of influence of Italian coastal tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–21.
[6] Cho, V. 2003. A comparison of three different approaches to tourist arrival forecasting. Tourism Management, vol. 24, no. 3, 323–330.
[7] Dewi, J.I. 2011. Implementasi dan Implikasi kelembagaan pemasaran pariwisata yang bertanggungjawab (responsible tourism marketing). Yogyakarta Pinus B. Publ.
[8] Doty, D.H., Glick, W.H., and Huber, G.P. 1993. Fit, equifinality, and organizational effectiveness: a test of two configurational theories, Academy of Management Journal, vol. 36, no. 6, 1196–1250, DOI: 10.5465/256810
[9] Dupeyras, A., and Maccallum, N. 2013. Indicators for measuring competitiveness in tourism. A guidance document. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/23071672.
[10] Durand, C., Terrible, F., and Madaschi, F. 1998. Trends in OECD countries’ international competitiveness: the influence of emerging market economies.
[11] Dwyer, L., and Kim, C. 2003. Destination competitiveness: determinants and indicators. Curr. Issues Tour., vol. 6, no. 5, 369–414, DOI: 10.1080/13683500308667962.
[12] Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., and Rao, P. The price competitiveness of travel and tourism: A comparison of 19 destinations. Tourism Management, vol. 21, no. 1, 9–22, 2000, DOI: 10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00081-3.
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[15] Garau-Taberner, J. 2007. Measuring destination competitiveness: an exploratory study of the Canaries, mainland Spain, France, the Balearics and Italy. Tourism Today, vol. 7, no. 4, 61–78. Available: http://rrtd.nic.in/TOURISM.html.
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[20] Gunadhi, H., and Boey, C.K. 1986. Demand elasticities of tourism in Singapore. Tourism Management, vol. 7, no. 4, 239–253, DOI: 10.1016/0261-5177(86)90034-8
[21] Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Babin, B.J., and Black, W.C. 2010. Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
[22] Hallmann, K., Zehrer, A., and Müller, S. 2015. Perceived destination image: An image model for a winter sports destination and its effect on intention to revisit. Journal of Travel Research, vol. 54, no. 1, 94–106, Available: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513513161.
[23] Hassan, S.S. 2000. Determinants of market competitiveness in an environmentally sustainable tourism industry. Journal of Travel Research, vol. 38, no. 3, 239–245, DOI: 10.1177/004728750003800305.
[24] d’Hauteserre, A.-M. 2000. Lessons in managed destination competitiveness: the case of Foxwoods Casino Resort. Tourism Management, vol. 21, no. 1, 23–32.
[25] Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D., and Hoskisson, R.E. 2007. Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization (Concepts and Cases). Ohio: Thomson Higher Education.
[26] Katz, D., and Kahn, R. 2015. The Social Psychology of Organizations, vol. 2. Wiley New York.
[27] Krugman, P. 1994. Competitiveness: a dangerous obsession. Heinonline, vol. 73 Foreign.
[28] Li, G., Wong, K.K.F., Song, H., and Witt, S.F. 2006. Tourism demand forecasting: A time varying parameter error correction model. Journal of Travel Research, vol. 45, no. 2, 175–185.
[29] Malhotra, N.K., and Dash, S. 2016. Marketing Research: an Applied Orientation. Pearson.
[30] Martin, C.A., and Witt, S.F. 1988. Substitute prices in models of tourism demand. Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 15, no. 2, 255–268, DOI: 10.1016/0160-7383(88)90086-2
[31] Mazanec, J.A., and Ring, A. 2011. Tourism destination competitiveness: Second thoughts on the world economic forum reports. Tourism Economics, vol. 17, no. 4, 725–751, DOI: 10.5367/te.2011.0065
[32] Mendola, D., and Volo, S. 2017. Building composite indicators in tourism studies: Measurements and applications in tourism destination competitiveness. Tourism Management, vol. 59, 541–553, DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2016.08.011
[33] Mieczkowski, D., Chadee, Z. 1987. Canadian tourism at the turning point. Tourism Review, vol. 42, no. 3.
[34] Newall, J.E. 1992. The challenge of competitiveness. Business Quarterly, vol. 56, no. 4, 94–100.
[35] Papatheodorou, A. 1999. The demand for international tourism in the Mediterranean region. Applied Economics, vol. 31, no. 5, 619–630, DOI: 10.1080/000368499324066
[36] Patsouratis, V., Frangouli, Z., and Anastasopoulos, G. 2005. Competition in tourism among the Mediterranean countries. Applied Economics, vol. 37, no. 16, 1865–1870, DOI: 10.1080/00036840500217226
[37] Pendit, N.S. 2002. Ilmu Pariwisata.
[38] Ritchie, J.R.B., Crouch, G.I., and Ritchie, J.R.B. 1999. The competitive destination: a sustainable tourism perspective. Choice Review Online, vol. 41, no. 10, 41-6012-41–6012, DOI: 10.5860/choice.41-6012.
[39] Ritchie, J.R.B.and Crouch, G.I. 2003. The Competitive Destination: A Sustainable Tourism Perspective. Cabi.
[40] Ritchie, J.R., Crouch, G.I., and Hudson, S. 2000. Assessing the Role of Consumers in the Measurement of Destination Competitiveness and Sustainability. Tourism Analysis, vol. 5, no. 2–3, Cognizant Communication Corporation, 69–76.
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[43] Song, H., and Li, G. 2008. Tourism demand modelling and forecasting - A review of recent research. Tourism Management, vol. 29, no. 2, 203–220.
[44] Taylor, T., and Ortiz, R.A. 2009. Impacts of climate change on domestic tourism in the UK: A panel data estimation. Tourism Economics, vol. 15, no. 4, 803–812, DOI: 10.5367/000000009789955161
[45] Van der Merwe, P., and Saayman, M. 2008. Travel motivations of tourists visiting Kruger National Park. Koedoe, vol. 50, no. 1, 154–159, DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v50i1.140
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[50] The World Economic Forum. 2018. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness, Geneva.
[51] The World Economic Forum. 2017. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017: Paving the Way for a more Sustainable and Inclusive Future’, Geneva.
[52] UNWTO. 2018. Tourism Highlights 2018. Available: https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419876.
[53] UNWTO. 2021. Tourist Arrivals Down 87% in January 2021 as UNWTO Calls for Stronger Coordination to Restart Tourism’, Madrid.
[54] WTTC. 2002. Industry as a partner for sustainable development: Tourism. Report prepared by World Travel & Tourism Council International Federation.
Published
2021-06-30
How to Cite
EDDYONO, Fauziah et al.
Performance of Tourism Competitiveness in National Park Area of Indonesia.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 4, p. 1099-1110, june 2021.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/6201>. Date accessed: 03 july 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.4(52).22.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.