Museum Visitors’ Interest on Virtual Tours in COVID-19 Situation

  • Samereh POURMORADIAN Department of Management, University of Tabriz, Department of Carpet, Islamic Art University of Tabriz, Iran
  • Omid SALEK FARROKHI University of Girona, Spain
  • Seyedeh Yasamin HOSSEINI University of Girona, Spain

Abstract

The pandemic of COVID-19 has significantly impacted the tourism industry in worldwide. The main objective of this research was to explore the desire of virtual museums tourists during the quarantine regulation under impact of COVID-19 pandemic. In this light, we considered the four main step of the quarantine lockdown phase in Spain. During these phases the availability of six types of virtual museums were evaluated to figure out the visitors’ interest. The results were obtained by analysing the number and kind of the visits being recorded in the virtual museum’s tours while Spanish inhabitation used to stay at homes for long days, weeks and even months. According to the results, in the zero-quarantine phase, the highest amount of visitors tend to visits the museum parks. While the science museums were received less visits. However, overall results indicated that the reduction of strictures during the quarantine period while the intensity of people's interest were decreased. Based on the results, we conclude that this research makes significant contribution for tourism research and will benefit the decision makers and stakeholders for developing virtual tourism industry further. We also conclude that for new approaches in the post-corona, special attention should be paid to the new interest developed by tourists during the quarantine period.

References

[1] Altuntas, F., Gok, M.S. 2020. The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on domestic tourism: A DEMATEL method analysis on quarantine decisions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, Volume 92, January 2021, 102719.
[2] Bavel, J.J.V., et al. 2020. Using social and behavioral science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour 4, 460–471
[3] Braun, V., Clarke, V. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
[4] Brouder, P. 2020. Reset redux: possible evolutionary pathways towards the transformation of tourism in a COVID-19 world. Journal of Tourism Geographies 22(3):1-7. DOI: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1760928
[5] Chan, E.S.W., Hon, A.H.Y., Chan, W., Okumus, F. 2014. What drives employees’ intentions to implement green practices in hotels? : the role of knowledge, awareness, concern and ecological behaviour. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 40.
[6] Çetin, C., Kara, A. 2020. Global surveillance, travel, and trade during a pandemic. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 50, 527–533.
[7] DiMaggio, P. 1996. Are art-museum visitors different from other people? The relationship between attendance and social and political attitudes in the United States. Poetics, 24(2–4), 161–180. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-422X(96)00008-3.
[8] Doxanaki, A. 2017. Public perceptions about archaeology and its interrelation with museums: a case study of the archaeological museums in Athens, Greece. International Journal of Advanced Research and Review, 2(2), 15–35.
[9] El-Said, O., Aziz, H. 2021. Virtual tours a means to an end: an analysis of virtual tours’ role in tourism recovery post COVID-19. Journal of Travel Research. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287521997567.
[10] Farokhi, O.S. 2019. Evaluation of the Role of Iran National Museum in the Cultural Tourism in Iran. 375..
[11] Fuchs, G., Reichel, A. 2006. Tourist destination risk perception: the case of Israel. Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing, 14, 83–108. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1300/J150v14n02_06
[12] Griffin, J. 1998. Learning science through practical experiences in museums. International Journal of Science Education, 20(6), 655–663. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/0950069980200604.
[13] Guerin, R.J., Toland, M.D. 2020. An application of a modified theory of planned behavior model to investigate adolescents’ job safety knowledge, norms, attitude and intention to enact workplace safety and health skills. Journal of Safety Research, 72, 189–198. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2019.12.002
[14] Güner, R., Hasanoglu, I., Aktas, F. 2020. Covid-19: prevention and control measures in
community. Turk. J. Med. Sci. 50, 571–577.
[15] Han, H., Al-Ansi, A., Chua, B. L., Tariq, B., Radic, A., Park, S.H. 2020. The post-coronavirus world in the international tourism industry: Application of the theory of planned behavior to safer destination choices in the case of us outbound tourism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 1–15. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186485.
[16] Han, H., Hyun, S.S. 2017. Fostering customers’ pro-environmental behavior at a museum. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(9), 1240–1256. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1259318.
[17] Hao, F., Xiao, Q., Chon, K., 2020. COVID-19 and China’s hotel industry: impacts, a disaster management framework, and post-pandemic agenda. International Journal of Hospitality Management 90, 102636
[18] Higgins-Desbiolles, F. 2020. Socialising tourism for social and ecological justice after COVID-19. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 610–623. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1757748.
[19] Itani, O.S., Hollebeek, L.D. 2021. Light at the end of the tunnel: Visitors’ virtual reality (versus in-person) attraction site tour-related behavioral intentions during and post-COVID-19. Tourism Management, 84, 104290. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104290.
[20] Kaplan, R., Kaplan, S. 1989. The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective, CUP archive.
[21] Piguillem, F., Shı, L. 2020. Optimal Covid-19 Quarantine and Testing Policies. CEPR Discussion Paper No. DP14613.
[22] Kılıç, R., Hatipoglu, Ç.A., Günes, C. 2020. Quarantine and its legal dimension. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 50, 544–548.
[23] Navarrete, T. 2019. Digital heritage tourism: innovations in museums. World Leisure Journal, 61(3), 200–214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2019.1639920
[24] Page, S., Song, H., Wu, D.C. 2012. Assessing the impacts of the global economic crisis and swine flu on inbound tourism demand in the United Kingdom. Journal of Travel Research, 51(2), 142–153. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287511400754.
[25] Polyzos, S., Samitas, A., Spyridou, A.E. 2020. Tourism demand and the COVID-19 pandemic: an LSTM approach. Tourism Recreation Research, 0(0), 1–13. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1777053
[26] Pujol, L., Lorente, A. 2013. The Virtual Museum: a Quest for the Standard Definition. Archaeology in the Digital Era. Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA), 40-48.
[27] Samaroudi, M., Echavarria, K.R., Perry, L. 2020. Heritage in lockdown: digital provision of memory institutions in the UK and US of America during the COVID-19 pandemic. Museum Management and Curatorship, 35(4), 337–361. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/09647775.2020.1810483.
[28] Seymour, V. 2016. The human-nature relationship and its impact on health: A critical review. Frontiers in Public Health, 4(NOV), 1–12. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/FPUBH.2016.00260.
[29] Sohrabi, C., et al. 2020. World health organization declares global emergency: a review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (Covid-19). International Journal of Surgery 76, 71–76.
[30] Towards 2020. The British Museum’s Strategy. 2020. Published by British Museum, 5. https://www.britishmuseum.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/Towards_2020-The_British_Museum_Strategy.pdf
[31] Vayanou, M., Chrysanthi, A., Katifori, A., Antoniou, A. 2020. Cultural heritage and social experiences in the times of COVID 19. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2687, 2–5.
[32] Verma, V.K., Chandra, B., Kumar, S. 2019. Values and ascribed responsibility to predict consumers’ attitude and concern towards green hotel visit intention. Journal of Business Research, 96 (October 2018), 206–216. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.021.
[33] Yuan, Y. (Selena). 2016. The Value of Anthropology in Museum Education A Case Study of Art Education through Ethnographic Objects at the Pitt Rivers Museum
[34] Zbuchea, A., Romanelli, M., Bira, M. 2020. Strategica. In STRATEGICA International Academic Conference -Eighth Edition Bucharest, Romania, October 15-16, 2020 Preparing for Tomorrow, Today (p. 929). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alexandra_Zbuchea/publication/345730256_Strategica_2020_Preparing_for_Tomorrow_Today/links/5fabfb0e458515078107ff58/Strategica-2020-Preparing-for-Tomorrow-Today.pdf#page=680.
[35] ICOM. 2020. Museums, museum professionals and COVID-19: survey results, International Council of Museums.
[36] UNWTO. 2020. Supporting Jobs and Economies through Travel and Tourism – A Call for Action to Mitigate the Socio-Economic Impact of COVID-19 and Accelerate Recovery. Supporting Jobs and Economies through Travel and Tourism – A Call for Action to Mitigate the Socio-Economic Impact of COVID-19 and Accelerate Recovery.
[37] UNWTO.(2021). https://www.unwto.org/news/tourist-arrivals-down-87-in-january-2021-as-unwto-calls-for-stronger-coordination-to-restart-tourism.
[38] https://www.travelandleisure.com/attractions/museums-galleries/museums-with-virtual-tours.
[39] https://www.hosteltur.com/136189_el-turismo-rural-y-de-naturaleza-seran-los-primeros-en-recuperarse.html
Published
2021-06-22
How to Cite
POURMORADIAN, Samereh; FARROKHI, Omid SALEK; HOSSEINI, Seyedeh Yasamin. Museum Visitors’ Interest on Virtual Tours in COVID-19 Situation. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 4, p. 877-885, june 2021. ISSN 2068-7729. Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/6165>. Date accessed: 26 apr. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.4(52).02.