Community-Based Ecotourism and Its Impact on the Social and Economic Conditions: A Case Study in Blekok, Situbondo Regency, Indonesia
Abstract
This study aims to analyse the impact of the implementation of community-based ecotourism on the social and economic conditions of the people of Kampung Blekok. Primary data were obtained from 79 respondents who were selected by purposive sampling. The research method used a descriptive quantitative method. The data used were the characteristics of the people of Kampung Blekok, data on the social and economic conditions of the people of Kampung Blekok before and after the inauguration of the Kampung Blekok Ecotourism. The results show that the group of low and high income showed the decrease of percentage (11.39 and 8.87%, respectively), otherwise the middle and very high-income group presented an increase percentage (8.85 and 11.39%, consecutively). It means people who gained low and high income are reduced and middle and very high-income group are increased. It can conclude that ecotourism activities could affect the social economic of people in kampung Blekok.
References
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[2] Balantukang, J., Dumais, N.K.and Kumaat, R.M. 2018. Community participation in the maleo conservation program in the village of Mataindo, Central Pinolosian sub-district, South Bolang Mongondow district. Agri-sosio ekonomi, 11(2a): 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.11.2A.2015.9445 (in Indonesian)
[3] Barkauskiene, K. and Snieska, V. 2013. Ecotourism as an integral part of sustainable tourism development. Economics and Management, 18(3): 449-456.
[4] Bernard, H. R. 2002. Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Methods. 3rd edition, California, AltaMira Press.
[5] Candrea, A.N., and Stanciu, P. 2008. Ecotourism development strategies in the Retezat National Park. Revista de turism-studii si cercetari in turism, 6: 44-48.
[6] Christy, Y. A., Setyati, W. A. and Pribadi, R. 2019. Economic Valuation Study of Mangrove Forest Ecosystems in Kaliwlingi and Sawojajar Villages, Brebes District, Central Java. Journal of Marine Research, 8(1): 94-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v8i1.24334 (in Indonesian)
[7] Cobbinah, P.B. 2015. Contextualising the meaning of ecotourism. Tourism Management Perspectives, 16: 179-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.07.015
[8] Dunets, A.N., et al. 2019. Selection of strategic priorities for sustainable development of tourism in a mountain region: concentration of tourist infrastructure or nature-oriented tourism. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 7(2): 1217. DOI: 10.9770/jesi.2019.7.2(29)
[9] Erwiantono, Susilo, H. Aditya, A., Saleha, Q. and Budiayu, A. 2016. Policy on Economic Benefit Value and Sustainable Ecotourism Management in the Labuan Mirror Area, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan. Jurnal Kebijakan Sosek Kp, 6(1): 49-65. (in Indonesian)
[10] Fatmasari, D. 2014. Socio-economic and cultural analysis of coastal communities in Waruduwur Village, Mundu District, Cirebon Regency. Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah, 6(1): 144-166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24235/amwal.v6i1.255 (in Indonesian)
[11] Ferreira, T.O., Vidal-Torrado, P., Otero, X.L. and Macias, F. 2007. Are Mangrove forest substrates sediments or soils? A case study in southeastern Brazil. Journal Catena, 70(1): 79-91. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2006.07.006
[12] Fisu, A. A., Ahmad, A., Hidayat, A. and Marzaman, L.U. 2020. Potential of mangrove ecosystem as a tourism object development in Kaledupa Island. Edutourism Journal of Tourism Research, 2(1): 11-17. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.46964/jtr..v2i1.323
[13] Friess, D.A. 2017. Ecotourism as a tool for mangrove conservation. Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education, 1(1): 24-35.
[14] Fyka, S.A., Yunus, L., Limi, M.A., Hamzah, A. and Darwan. 2018. Analysis of the Impact of Bokori island tourism development towards the Bajo social economic conditions (case study in the village Mekar Soropia district). Habitat, 29(3): 106-112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.habitat.2018.029.3.13
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[18] Hijriati, E. and Mardiana, R. 2014. The Effect of community-based ecotourism on changing ecological, social and economic conditions in Batusuhunan Village, Sukabumi. Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 2(3): 146-159. (in Indonesian)
[19] Little, M. E. 2017. Innovative Recycling Solutions to Waste Management Challenges in Costa Rican Tourism Communities. Journal of Environmental and Tourism Analyses, 5(1): 33-52.
[20] Mihalic, T. 2000. Environmental management of a tourist destination. A factor of tourism competitiveness. Tourism management, 21: 65-78.
[21] Muhaerin, M. 2008. Study of ecotourism resources in Perancak estuary, Jimbaran, Bali. Script, Institut pertanian bogor, Indonesia. (in Indonesian)
[22] Mujiburrahmad, Kadir, I.A. and Muslim, I. 2020. The role of community-based ecotourism on changes in the economic conditions of the people of Mon Ikeun Village, Lhoknga District, Aceh Besar District. Jurnal Bisnis Tani, 6(1): 26-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35308/jbt.v6i1.3433. (in Indonesian)
[23] Nafi, M., Supriyadi, B. and Roedjinandari, N. 2017. Pengembangan Ekowisata Daerah. Buku Bunga Rampai 38-45.
[24] Putri., A.D. and Setiawina, D. 2013. The influence of education age, occupation on poor household income in Bebandem Village]. E-Jurnal EP Unud, 2(4): 173-180. Available at: https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eep/article/view/4768 (in Indonesian)
[25] Salakory, R.A. 2016. Community-based ecotourism development in the Banda Islands, Central Maluku Regency. Agrika, 10(1): 84-92. (in Indonesian)
[26] Sangpikul, A. 2017. Ecotourism Impacts on the Economy, Society and Environment of Thailand. Journal of Reviews on Global Academic, 6: 302-312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-7092.2017.06.30.
[27] Saputra, D.K., et al. 2020. Habitat Management Based on Sensitivity Assessment in Tulungangung Coastal Area. Journal of Economic and Social Fisheries and Marine, 07(02): 258-267. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ecsofim.2020.007.02.11
[28] Slovin, E. 1960. Slovin's formula for sampling technique.
[29] Sugiyono. 2016. Qualitative Research Methods, Quantitative and R & D, Alfabeta, Bandung, Indonesia.
[30] Swangjang, K. and Kornpiphat, P. 2021. Does ecotourism in a Mangrove area at Klong Kone, Thailand, conform to sustainable tourism? A case study using SWOT and DPSIR. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1-26.
[31] Umam, K., Sudiyarto and Winarno, S.T. 2015. Mangrove ecotourism development strategy in Wonorejo Surabaya. Jurnal Agraris, 1(1): 38-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/agr.116. (in Indonesian)
[32] Urrego, L. E., Molina, E.C. and Suárez, J.A. 2014. Environmental and anthropogenic influences on the distribution, structure, and floristic composition of mangrove forests of the Gulf of Urabá (Colombian Caribbean). Aquatic Botany, 114: 42-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2013.12.006
[33] Wahyuni, S., Mulyatna, L. and Qomariyah, L. 2018. Case Study: Purworejo Village, Bonang District, Demak Regency. Journal of community based environmental engineering and management, 2(2): 43-50. (in Indonesian)
[34] Wardani, I.G.M. I. S. and Anom, P. 2017. The Socio-Economic impact of kampoeng crab mangrove ecotourism management on fishermen in Tuban Village, Badung Regency. Jurnal Destinasi Pariwisata, 5(1): 72-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24843/JDEPAR.2017.v05.i01.p14 (in Indonesian)
[35] Western, D. and Wright, M. 1994. Natural Connections, Perspectives in Community- Based Conservation, Island Press, Washington.
[36] Wijaya, S.A., Zulkarnain, Z. and Sopingi, S. 2018. The Learning Process of the Tourism Awareness Group (POKDARWIS) in the Development of Tourism Ecotourism Villages (POKDARWIS) in the Development of Ecotourism Kampoeng. Jurnal Pendidikan Nonformal, 11(2): 88-96. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um041v11i2p88-96. (in Indonesian)
[37] Xu, M., et al. 2017. The differences and similarities between two-sample t-test and paired t-test. Shanghai archives of psychiatry, 29(3): 184-188. DOI: 10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.217070.
[38] Yanuar, V. 2017. Community-based ecotourism, Kubu beach nature tourism. Ziraa’ah, 42(3): 183-192. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/zmip.v42i3.889. (in Indonesian)
[39] Zallesa, S. et al. 2020. A Survey of Macrozoobenthos Assemblages in a Tropical Mangrove Estuary in Brebes, Java Island. Omni-Akuatika, 16(1): 62-68. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2020.16.1.754
Published
2021-06-06
How to Cite
ARSAD, Sulastri et al.
Community-Based Ecotourism and Its Impact on the Social and Economic Conditions: A Case Study in Blekok, Situbondo Regency, Indonesia.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 3, p. 797-807, june 2021.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/6122>. Date accessed: 26 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.12.3(51).19.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.