Strict Liability Principle Application in the Management of Straits Marine Pollution for International Navigation according to the Indonesia Sea Convention Law
Abstract
Congested crossings going vessels in the strait used for international navigation such as the Malacca Strait, allowing the serious pollution of the sea water in the strait. How does the application of the principle of strict liability in the management of marine pollution in the Straits used for international navigation under the Convention on Law of the Sea 1982 in Indonesia? This research is a normative law, the main approach in legislation (statute approach), with the source material through the law library research. Indonesia has ratified the Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 through Law no. 17 In 1985 the Indonesian government should establish laws that regulate a legal product on the management of marine pollution in particular in the straits used for international shipping considering Indonesia as an archipelago crowded waters traversed by large foreign ships in an easy and highly probable do pollution at sea. The application of the principle of strict liability is appropriate and relevant use in marine pollution liability for damages in the Straits used for international shipping as Idi Indonesian waters in the Strait of Malacca and the weapon system of archipelagic sea-groove Indonesia because Indonesia as favorable to the State Island Countries. compensated by the mean absolute responsibility, obligations to pay compensation to the beach arises immediately upon the oil spill in the sea without regard to guilt or innocence tanker or ship traffic in the Strait of Malacca done by using the right of transit passage and responsibility for compensation is associated with a number of limited liability or the ceiling or ceiling system.
References
[2] Batabyal, A.A., and Partha Dasgupta. 2002. Human Well-Being and the Natural Environment. Journal of Range Management, 55(5):523-524. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4003234
[3] Bell, Gary F. 2001. The New Indonesian Laws Relating to Regional Autonomy: Good Intentions, Confusing Laws. Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal, 2(1): 1-44. Available at: http://blog.hawaii.edu/aplpj/files/2011/11/APLPJ_02.1_bell.pdf
[4] Beylerian, O., and Gottlieb, G. 1995. Nation against State: A New Approach to Ethnic Conflicts and the Decline of Sovereignty. International Journal, 5(1): 163-165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/40203762
[5] Butt, S. 2010. Regional Autonomy and Legal Disorder: The Proliferation of Local Laws in Indonesia. Singapore Journal of Legal Studies, 1-21.
[6] Cabezas, P. R., and Kasoulides, G. 2010. International Maritime Organization. International Journal of Estuarine and Coastal Law, 3(3): 235-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/187529988x00184
[7] Carpenter, K.E, and De Angelis, N. 2016. The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Volume 4: Bony Fishes Part 2 (Perciformes to Tetradontiformes) and Sea Turtles. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5715e.pdf
[8] Chua, Thia Eng. 1999. Marine Pollution Prevention and Management in the East Asian Seas: A Paradigm Shift in Concept, Approach and Methodology. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 39(1-12): 80-88. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00085-5
[9] Cooter, R. D., and Ulen, T.S. 1986. An Economic Case for Comparative Negligence. New York University Law Review, 54(1): 23-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2007.54.1.23
[10] de Yturriaga, J. A. 1992. Straits Used For International Navigation – A Spanish Perspective. Verfassung in Recht Und Übersee, 25(1): 90-91 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-1992-1-90
[11] Febrica, S. 2013. Accounting for Feasible Cost Sharing Cooperation in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore: Navigational Safety and Marine Pollution. Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, Office of Legal Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY (USA). 120 Pp.
[12] Germond, B. 2015. The Geopolitical Dimension of Maritime Security. Marine Policy, 54: 137-142. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.12.013
[13] Iskandar, P. 2015. Reclaiming Human Rights Universality in ‘Nonconstitutional’ Constitution: Toward a New Reading of the 1945 Constitution. SSRN Electronic Journal. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2589985
[14] Kellert, S. R. 2006. Building for Life: Designing and Understanding the Human-Nature Connection. Renewable Resources Journal
[15] Lake, D. A. 2003. The New Sovereignty in International Relations. International Studies Review, 5(3): 303-323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1079-1760.2003.00503001.x
[16] Lev, D.S. 1978. Judicial Authority and the Struggle for an Indonesian Rechtsstaat. Law & Society Review, 13(1): 37-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3053242
[17] Lovett, J. 2002. Sovereignty Over Natural Resources, Balancing Rights and Duties. Environment and Development Economics, 7(1): 191-196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X02210128
[18] Miller, L.J. 1982. Comparative Negligence. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 248(12): 1443-1444 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1982.03330120015006
[19] O’Rourke, R. 2018. Maritime Territorial and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Disputes Involving China: Issues for Congress. In China: Conditions, Issues and U.S. Relations
[20] Penca, J. 2009. International Maritime Organization. International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 24(4): 713-725. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/092735209X12499043518304
[21] Rumley, D. 2015. Geopolitical Orientations, Regionalism and Security in the Indian Ocean. 1st Edition. London. Routledge DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315689487
[22] Salomon, M. 2013. Marine Environment Protection. In The Handbook of Global Climate and Environment Policy. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118326213.ch4
[23] Schrijver, N. 1997. International Environmental Law: Sovereignty versus the Environment? In Sovereignty over Natural Resources Balancing Rights and Duties
[24] Sudini, Luh Putu. 2015. The Management of Marine Pollution in Straits That Used For International Shipping Based on the Law of the Sea Convention 1982 in Indonesia. International Journal of Social and Local Economic Governance, 1(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijleg.2015.001.01.2
[25] Sulistiyono, S. T., and Rochwulaningsih, Y. 2013. Contest for Hegemony: The Dynamics of Inland and Maritime Cultures Relations in the History of Java Island, Indonesia. Journal of Marine and Island Cultures, 2(2): 115-127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imic.2013.10.002
[26] Tan, A. K.J. 2005. Vessel-Source Marine Pollution: The Law and Politics of International Regulation. Vessel-Source Marine Pollution: The Law and Politics of International Regulation. Cambridge University Press. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511494628
[27] Thia-Eng, C., et al. 2000. The Malacca Straits. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 41 (1-6): 160-178. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00108-9
[28] Thomas, N., and Tow, W.T. 2002. The Utility of Human Security: Sovereignty and Humanitarian Intervention. Security Dialogue, 33(2):177-192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010602033002006
[29] Wang, Y., Zhang, Y. and Ge, X. 2016. Research on Dialectic Relation between Marine Industrial Structure and Macro Economic Growth. International Journal of U- and e- Service, Science and Technology, 9(9): 201-212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14257/ijunesst.2016.9.9.20
[30] Yang, H. et al. 2016. Marine Disaster Detection Using the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI). International Journal of U- and e- Service, Science and Technology, 9(1): 129-138. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14257/ijunesst.2016.9.1.15
[31] Yang, S. Y., Yoo, N. H. and Kim, W.J. 2017. Research on Complex Energy Production System for the Marine Environment Supervising Buoy. International Journal of Control and Automation., 10(1): 71-84. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14257/ijca.2017.10.1.07
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.