Motivational Attributes and Factors Affecting Spending of Cruisers in the Greek Islands
Abstract
This paper focuses on the motivational attributes of Europeans and North Americans experiencing a cruise trip to Greece and the factors affecting spending at the transit ports and on the cruise ship. Tourists from Europe and North America are motivated to cruise in Greece for various reasons. Some of the motivational factors that influence cruise touring destinations included pricing, self-fulfillment, shopping, security, culture, and the availability of social and economic amenities. The tourism industry is one of the critical sectors that directly impact the international economy, not counting the economy of the preferred destinations. Other attributes that motivate the European and North American cruising tourists to experience a cruising trip in Greece included fair pricing of the commodities, availability of social, recreational, and economic amenities that improves the quality of life of the travelers. Local authorities are encouraged to invest more in projects that support cruising in Greece and security to ensure that the foreign tourists are more motivated to cruise in Greece.
References
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[3] Cha, S., McCleary, K. W., Uysal, M. 1995. Travel motivations of Japanese overseas travelers: A factor-cluster segmentation approach. Journal of travel research, 34(1): 33-39. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759503400104
[4] Child, D. 2006. The essentials of factor analysis. London, UK: AandC Black.
[5] Egger, I., Lei, S. I., Wassler, P. 2020. Digital free tourism – An exploratory study of tourist motivations. Tourism Management, 79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104098
[6] Ekonomou, G., Neofitou, C., Matsiori, S. 2014. An investigation into the market segments of coastal visitors: Evidence from Greece. E-review of Tourism Research, 11(3): 1-33. Available at: https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20153241958
[7] Fraiz, J. A., De Carlos, P., Araújo, N. 2020. Disclosing homogeneity within heterogeneity: A segmentation of Spanish active tourism based on motivational pull factors. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 30, 100294.
[8] Han, H., Hyun, S.S. 2018. Role of motivations for luxury cruise traveling, satisfaction, and involvement in building traveler loyalty. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 70: 75-84. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.10.024
[9] Han, H., Hyun, S.S. 2019. Cruise travel motivations and repeat cruising behaviour: impact of relationship investment. Current Issues in Tourism, 22: 786-805. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1313204
[10] Hsu, C.H., Li, M. 2017. Development of a cruise motivation scale for emerging markets in Asia. International Journal of Tourism Research, 19: 682-692. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2140
[11] Huang, W. J., Chen, C. C., Lin, Y. H. 2013. Cultural proximity and intention to visit: Destination image of Taiwan as perceived by Mainland Chinese visitors. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 2(3): 176-184. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2013.06.002
[12] Iso-Ahola, S., Clair, B.S. 2000. Toward a Theory of Exercise Motivation. In: Quest -Illinois- National Association for Physical Education in Higher Education, 52(2): 131-147. DOI:10.1080/00336297.2000.10491706
[13] Johnson, D. 2002. Environmentally sustainable cruise tourism: a reality check. Marine Policy, 26: 261-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-597X(02)00008-8
[14] Kim, M. J., Jung, T., Kim, W. G., Fountoulaki, P. 2015. Factors affecting British revisit intention to Crete, Greece: High vs. low spending tourists. Tourism Geographies, 17(5): 815-841. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2015.1062908
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[16] Kline, T. J. B. 2005. Psychological testing: A practical approach to design and evaluation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483385693
[17] Liburd, J.J. 2004. NGOs in tourism and preservation democratic accountability and sustainability in question. Tourism Recreation Research, 29: 105-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2004.11081448
[18] Pantouvakis, A., Patsiouras, C. 2016. Tourists’ Selection Criteria and Motivation. Does Nationality Matter?. SPOUDAI-Journal of Economics and Business, 66(1-2): 22-31. Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/a/spd/journl/v66y2016i1-2p22-31.html
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[20] Pestana, M. H., Parreira, A., Moutinho, L. 2020. Motivations, emotions and satisfaction: The keys to a tourism destination choice. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 16. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.12.006
[21] Petrick, J.F., Zou, S., Hung, K. 2017. Motivations and constraints of cruising for the US and Chinese markets. In: Cruise Ship Tourism, 2nd Ed., CABI, 304-316. Available at: https://www.cabi.org/VetMedResource/ebook/20173010833
[22] Richard, F., Eleni, M., Christine, H. 2013. Understanding the impacts of cruise tourism and their remediation costs for small island communities in the Aegean. June 27th to the 29th of 2013 Athens, Greece, 160.
[23] Ryan, C. 2002. Tourism and cultural proximity: Examples from New Zealand. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(4): 952-971. DOI: 10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00006
[24] Simantiraki, E., Skivalou, M., Trihas, N. 2016. Cruise visitors in Agios Nikolaos, Greece. Characteristics, preferences, satisfaction, and overall experience. European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality, and Recreation, 7(2): 91-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ejthr-2016-0011
[25] Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S. 2007. Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Allyn and Bacon.
[26] Thurstone, L. L. 1947. Multiple factor analysis: A development and expansion of vectors of the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago.
[27] Vidmar, P., Perkovič, M. 2015. Methodological approach for safety assessment of cruise ship in port. Safety science, 80: 189-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.07.013
[28] Wall, G., Mathieson, A. 2006. Tourism: change, impacts, and opportunities: Pearson Education.
[29] Whyte, L.J. 2016. Cruise tourists’ perceptions of destination: Exploring push and pull motivational factors in the decision to take a cruise vacation. PhD Thesis, UQ Business School, The University of Queensland. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14264/uql.2016.1160
[30] Wood, R., Kakebeeke, B., Debowski, S., Frese, M. 2000. The impact of enactive exploration on intrinsic motivation, strategy, and performance in electronic search. Applied psychology, 49: 263-283. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00014
Published
2020-09-13
How to Cite
PAPADOPOULOU, Georgia.
Motivational Attributes and Factors Affecting Spending of Cruisers in the Greek Islands.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 6, p. 1301-1315, sep. 2020.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/5518>. Date accessed: 23 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v11.6(46).01.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.