Legal Problems of the Formation and Development of the Institute of Environmentally Unfavourable Territories
Abstract
The legal regime of environmentally unfavourable territories is studied in the article. Nowadays, more and more areas of the territory of Kazakhstan are exposed to unfavourable impact on the environment due to the increasing influence of developing scientific and technical progress. These activities do not only harm environmental systems and individual natural resources but also complicate and sometimes make it impossible for citizens to live in these areas. Such areas of the territory need to be restored, the damage should be compensated, and the inconveniences of human habitation should be compensated. Thus, there is a need to establish special legal regimes governing the respective responsibilities of those who carry out activities that degrade the environmental situation in these areas, the authorities, and the rights of citizens living in these areas. The objective of the presented study is to analyze the legislation regulating the legal regime of environmentally unfavourable territories in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the international experience of such regulations. As a result of the research, the authors conclude that it is necessary to develop a comprehensive legal regulation to address most of the issues of ensuring the restoration of environmentally unfavourable areas, compensation for environmental damage, and reimbursement to the population.
References
[1] Anokhina, M., et al. 2020. Formation of the competitive potential of the agricultural territories. Entrepreneurship and sustainability issues, 7(3): 1921-1936.
[2] Baiev, V.V., Bakhov, I.S., Fokina-Mezentseva, K., and Boretska, N. 2019. Strategic Analysis of Development of Medical Tourism Macro-Destinations. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 10(4(36)): 801-808.
[3] Bekisheva, S.D. 2009. Legal regulation of environmentally unfavourable territories according to the Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Human rights and security problems of society and personality in modern Russia: materials of the 2nd Interregional Scientific and Practical Conference, Volgograd, December 4-5, 2008, 160-165. Volgograd: PrinTerra. (in Russian)
[4] Boltanova, E.S. 2017. Legal regime for zones of environmental disaster and emergency situations. Environmental law, 1: 33-39. (in Russian)
[5] Dmitrieva, V.A., Gevorkyan, D.A. 2018. Zones of environmental disaster and emergency environmental situations. Young Scientists Forum, 1(17): 359-364. (in Russian)
[6] Haimes, Y.Y., Sage, A.P. 2015. Risk Modeling, Assessment and Management. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[7] Holzman, D. 2012. Accounting for nature’s benefits: the dollar value of ecosystem services. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(4): 152–157.
[8] Isaeva, Zh.A. 2012. Features of the legal regime of environmentally unfavourable territories in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Science and modernity, 19-2: 189-196. (in Russian)
[9] Kasprova, Yu.A. 2014. Environmentally unfavourable territories: features of the legal regime. Abstract of a thesis on the degree of Doctor of Jurisprudence], Institute of State and Law RAS, Moscow, p. 26. (in Russian)
[10] Khramova, I.S., Andreeva, M.S. 2015. Zones of environmental disaster: complexities of legal regulation and necessity of modernization of legislation. New science: Current state and ways of development, 6-3: 219-222. (in Russian)
[11] Kornilova, A.A., Khorovetskaya, Ye.M., Mamedov, S.E., Ospanov, T.Zh., and Sarsembayeva, D.Ye. 2019. Territory Management: Urban Planning and Recreational Planning of Populated Areas in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Second Half of the 20th Century. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 10(6(38)): 1295-1302.
[12] Narbaev, K.A., Guseva, V.I., Raimbekov, K.Zh., Kusainov, A.B. 2018. Assessment of socio-economic consequences of emergency situations (on the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan). Regional economy, 144: 1246-1255. (in Russian)
[13] Nikiforov, A.A. 2015. Organizational framework for environmental protection in the Kingdom of Norway. Environmental law 1: 21-24. (in Russian)
[14] Reiss, R.D., and Thompson, M. 2007. Statistical analysis of extreme values. Basel: Birhauser.
[15] Sharipkhanov, S.D., Samoilov, S.V. 2015. Modern aspects of work planning for prevention and liquidation of emergency situations as part of development of information logistic systems. KBTU Bulletin, 3: 91-95. (in Russian)
[16] Shchepanskii, I.S., Zhigadlo, K.V. 2019. Environmental zoning of the territory: problems of identification and legal regulation. Actual problems of Russian law, 8(105): 183-190. (in Russian)
[17] Turganbaev, E.S., Sharipkhanov, S.D. 2016. Main directions of activity on prevention and liquidation of natural and man-made emergency situations in Kazakhstan. Materials of the 15th International SPC, 45-50. Almaty: International Academy of Business. (in Russian)
[18] Ulyanova, T.B. 2018. Problems of legal regulation of the regime of the environmental disaster area in case of liquidation of emergency situations on specially protected territories. Collection of Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference: Global environmental security: topical problems of law and practice, edited by M.M. Mukhlynina, A.I. Nikiforov, S.V. Aramilev, M.V. Saltykova, L.R. Sharifullina, 251-255. Khimki: Academy of Civil Protection EMERCOM of Russia. (in Russian)
[19] Vlasova, E.L., and Barasheva, E.V. 2018. Financial Control and Financial Monitoring within the System of Government Financial Administration: Correlations and Interrelationships. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 9(4(34)): 1494-1502.
[20] Council Directive 96/62/ЕС of 27 September 1996 on ambient air quality assessment and management (OJ L 296, 21.11.1996, p. 55). Available at: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/d7a055cc-8501-40c1-9ba7-91b71f878558/language-en
[21] Kodeks Respubliki Kazakhstan ot 9 yanvarya 2007 goda № 212-III. The Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on January 9, 2007 № 212-III "Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan" (with amendments and additions as of 26.12.2019)]. Available at: https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=30085593#pos=4;-45 (in Russian)
[22] Order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan on November 7, 2014 № 784 "On the establishment of the Interdepartmental State Committee for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations". Available at: https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31669108 (in Russian)
[23] The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan (adopted at a national referendum on August 30, 1995) (with amendments and additions as of March 23, 2019). Available at: https://online.zakon.kz/document/?doc_id=1005029#pos=4;-108 (in Russian)
[24] UNISDR. 2006. Rukovodstvo po snizheniyu riska stikhiinykh bedstvii na urovne soobshchestva v Tsentralnoi Azii, 2006 [A Guide to Disaster Risk Reduction at the Community Level in Central Asia, 2006]. Available at: https://www.unisdr.org/files/2299_ACommunityGuiderus1.pdf (in Russian)
[25] UNISDR. n.d. 20 istorii uspekha snizheniya riska stikhiinykh bedstvii iz opyta Tsentralnoi Azii [20 success stories in disaster risk reduction from the Central Asian experience]. Available at: http://www.unisdr.org/files/2300_20GoodExamplesofGoodPracticeruss1.pdf (in Russian)
[26] UNO. 2009a. Osushchestvlenie Khiogskoi ramochnoi programmy deistvii v Aziatsko-Tikhookeanskom regione. Predmetnoe issledovanie: natsionalnaya sistema borby s bedstviyami v Kitae i ee otvet na zemletryasenie v Venchuane [Implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action in the Asia-Pacific region. Case study: National Disaster Management System in China and its response to the Wenchuan earthquake]. Available at: https://www.unescap.org/idd/events/cdrr-2009/CDR_2R.pdf
[27] UNO. 2009b. Snizhenie riska bedstvii s uchetom gendernogo aspekta. Strategiya i prakticheskoe rukovodstvo [Reduction of disaster risk from a gender perspective. Strategy and practical guidance]. Geneva: UNISDR, UNDP, IUCN.
[28] UNO. 2014. Poslanie Generalnogo sekretarya OON po sluchayu mezhdunarodnogo dnya po umensheniyu opasnosti bedstvii ot 13 oktyabrya 2014 goda [Message from the UN General Secretary on the occasion of International Day for Disaster Reduction, 13 October 2014]. Available at: http://www.unisdr.org/2014/iddr/documents/IDDR14.SGMessage_Russian.pdf
[29] UNO. 2015. Protokoly. III Vsemirnaya konferentsiya OON po snizheniyu riska bedstvii. 14-18 marta 2015 g. Sendai, Yaponiya [Protocols. The Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction. 14-18 March 2015. Sendai, Japan]. Available at: https://www.unisdr.org/files/45069_proceedingsthirdunwcdrrru.pdf
[2] Baiev, V.V., Bakhov, I.S., Fokina-Mezentseva, K., and Boretska, N. 2019. Strategic Analysis of Development of Medical Tourism Macro-Destinations. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 10(4(36)): 801-808.
[3] Bekisheva, S.D. 2009. Legal regulation of environmentally unfavourable territories according to the Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Human rights and security problems of society and personality in modern Russia: materials of the 2nd Interregional Scientific and Practical Conference, Volgograd, December 4-5, 2008, 160-165. Volgograd: PrinTerra. (in Russian)
[4] Boltanova, E.S. 2017. Legal regime for zones of environmental disaster and emergency situations. Environmental law, 1: 33-39. (in Russian)
[5] Dmitrieva, V.A., Gevorkyan, D.A. 2018. Zones of environmental disaster and emergency environmental situations. Young Scientists Forum, 1(17): 359-364. (in Russian)
[6] Haimes, Y.Y., Sage, A.P. 2015. Risk Modeling, Assessment and Management. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[7] Holzman, D. 2012. Accounting for nature’s benefits: the dollar value of ecosystem services. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(4): 152–157.
[8] Isaeva, Zh.A. 2012. Features of the legal regime of environmentally unfavourable territories in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Science and modernity, 19-2: 189-196. (in Russian)
[9] Kasprova, Yu.A. 2014. Environmentally unfavourable territories: features of the legal regime. Abstract of a thesis on the degree of Doctor of Jurisprudence], Institute of State and Law RAS, Moscow, p. 26. (in Russian)
[10] Khramova, I.S., Andreeva, M.S. 2015. Zones of environmental disaster: complexities of legal regulation and necessity of modernization of legislation. New science: Current state and ways of development, 6-3: 219-222. (in Russian)
[11] Kornilova, A.A., Khorovetskaya, Ye.M., Mamedov, S.E., Ospanov, T.Zh., and Sarsembayeva, D.Ye. 2019. Territory Management: Urban Planning and Recreational Planning of Populated Areas in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Second Half of the 20th Century. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 10(6(38)): 1295-1302.
[12] Narbaev, K.A., Guseva, V.I., Raimbekov, K.Zh., Kusainov, A.B. 2018. Assessment of socio-economic consequences of emergency situations (on the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan). Regional economy, 144: 1246-1255. (in Russian)
[13] Nikiforov, A.A. 2015. Organizational framework for environmental protection in the Kingdom of Norway. Environmental law 1: 21-24. (in Russian)
[14] Reiss, R.D., and Thompson, M. 2007. Statistical analysis of extreme values. Basel: Birhauser.
[15] Sharipkhanov, S.D., Samoilov, S.V. 2015. Modern aspects of work planning for prevention and liquidation of emergency situations as part of development of information logistic systems. KBTU Bulletin, 3: 91-95. (in Russian)
[16] Shchepanskii, I.S., Zhigadlo, K.V. 2019. Environmental zoning of the territory: problems of identification and legal regulation. Actual problems of Russian law, 8(105): 183-190. (in Russian)
[17] Turganbaev, E.S., Sharipkhanov, S.D. 2016. Main directions of activity on prevention and liquidation of natural and man-made emergency situations in Kazakhstan. Materials of the 15th International SPC, 45-50. Almaty: International Academy of Business. (in Russian)
[18] Ulyanova, T.B. 2018. Problems of legal regulation of the regime of the environmental disaster area in case of liquidation of emergency situations on specially protected territories. Collection of Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference: Global environmental security: topical problems of law and practice, edited by M.M. Mukhlynina, A.I. Nikiforov, S.V. Aramilev, M.V. Saltykova, L.R. Sharifullina, 251-255. Khimki: Academy of Civil Protection EMERCOM of Russia. (in Russian)
[19] Vlasova, E.L., and Barasheva, E.V. 2018. Financial Control and Financial Monitoring within the System of Government Financial Administration: Correlations and Interrelationships. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 9(4(34)): 1494-1502.
[20] Council Directive 96/62/ЕС of 27 September 1996 on ambient air quality assessment and management (OJ L 296, 21.11.1996, p. 55). Available at: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/d7a055cc-8501-40c1-9ba7-91b71f878558/language-en
[21] Kodeks Respubliki Kazakhstan ot 9 yanvarya 2007 goda № 212-III. The Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on January 9, 2007 № 212-III "Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan" (with amendments and additions as of 26.12.2019)]. Available at: https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=30085593#pos=4;-45 (in Russian)
[22] Order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan on November 7, 2014 № 784 "On the establishment of the Interdepartmental State Committee for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations". Available at: https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31669108 (in Russian)
[23] The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan (adopted at a national referendum on August 30, 1995) (with amendments and additions as of March 23, 2019). Available at: https://online.zakon.kz/document/?doc_id=1005029#pos=4;-108 (in Russian)
[24] UNISDR. 2006. Rukovodstvo po snizheniyu riska stikhiinykh bedstvii na urovne soobshchestva v Tsentralnoi Azii, 2006 [A Guide to Disaster Risk Reduction at the Community Level in Central Asia, 2006]. Available at: https://www.unisdr.org/files/2299_ACommunityGuiderus1.pdf (in Russian)
[25] UNISDR. n.d. 20 istorii uspekha snizheniya riska stikhiinykh bedstvii iz opyta Tsentralnoi Azii [20 success stories in disaster risk reduction from the Central Asian experience]. Available at: http://www.unisdr.org/files/2300_20GoodExamplesofGoodPracticeruss1.pdf (in Russian)
[26] UNO. 2009a. Osushchestvlenie Khiogskoi ramochnoi programmy deistvii v Aziatsko-Tikhookeanskom regione. Predmetnoe issledovanie: natsionalnaya sistema borby s bedstviyami v Kitae i ee otvet na zemletryasenie v Venchuane [Implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action in the Asia-Pacific region. Case study: National Disaster Management System in China and its response to the Wenchuan earthquake]. Available at: https://www.unescap.org/idd/events/cdrr-2009/CDR_2R.pdf
[27] UNO. 2009b. Snizhenie riska bedstvii s uchetom gendernogo aspekta. Strategiya i prakticheskoe rukovodstvo [Reduction of disaster risk from a gender perspective. Strategy and practical guidance]. Geneva: UNISDR, UNDP, IUCN.
[28] UNO. 2014. Poslanie Generalnogo sekretarya OON po sluchayu mezhdunarodnogo dnya po umensheniyu opasnosti bedstvii ot 13 oktyabrya 2014 goda [Message from the UN General Secretary on the occasion of International Day for Disaster Reduction, 13 October 2014]. Available at: http://www.unisdr.org/2014/iddr/documents/IDDR14.SGMessage_Russian.pdf
[29] UNO. 2015. Protokoly. III Vsemirnaya konferentsiya OON po snizheniyu riska bedstvii. 14-18 marta 2015 g. Sendai, Yaponiya [Protocols. The Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction. 14-18 March 2015. Sendai, Japan]. Available at: https://www.unisdr.org/files/45069_proceedingsthirdunwcdrrru.pdf
Published
2020-08-30
How to Cite
NURUTDINOVA, Ainura Zharylgasynkyzy; BEKISHEVA, Sabigul Dzhanabaevna.
Legal Problems of the Formation and Development of the Institute of Environmentally Unfavourable Territories.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 5, p. 1215-1221, aug. 2020.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/5477>. Date accessed: 04 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.11.5(45).18.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.