The Energy Structure of Kazakhstan and Its Environmental Impact

  • Ainur B. AMIRBEKOVA Kazakh University of Economics, Finance and International Trade, Republic of Kazakhstan
  • Galiya S. UKUBASSOVA Kazakh University of Economics, Finance and International Trade, Republic of Kazakhstan
  • Alma GALIYEVA Kazakh University of Economics, Finance and International Trade, Republic of Kazakhstan
  • Rakymzhan K. YELSHIBAYEV School of Society, Technology and Environment Narxoz University, Republic of Kazakhstan
  • Saule A. KOZHABAEVA Kazakh University of Economics, Finance and International Trade, Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract

One of the main factors in the development of mankind and a necessary means of subsistence is energy production, but there is also a downside – environmental impact. Energy has become a part of a human’s life, production activity, however, the environmental aspect of energy use is becoming no less significant, considering the intensity of the impact. Mankind is actively seeking cleaner energy production and more efficient technologies within its use, which are more economical. It can be noted that the current stage of development is based on the “three pillars”: Energy, Ecology, Economics. A special place is given to the energy sector, since this is the main factor that determines both the environment and the economy. Regarding the economy in this situation, it is possible to talk about the well-being of people and the economic potential of the country. As for ecology, in this direction the negative impact of energy, direct or indirect (production and use) is significant. Here it is about the biosphere as a whole and about the ecosystem. In this context, it is about thermal, radioactive, chemical, aerosol and many other types of pollution. The energy problem is quite acute, the solution of this problem depends on the resolution of both economic and environmental problems. The aim of the article is to analyse the structure of the energy sector in Kazakhstan and determine its impact on the environment with consideration of directions to reduce the negative impact. As part of the study, the role of energy for the state, as well as for ecology, is determined, the modern aspects of energy development in the world are considered, the issue of combating emissions at the international level is also covered, the main international agreements are described to limit the negative impact of energy on the environment. The structure of Kazakhstan’s energy, energy production and emissions are considered. The data were studied in comparison with other countries (USA, China, Germany, Russia), the main problems were identified, and prospects for the development of renewable energy were also considered. The prospects for further research are determined by the subsequent study of the development of energy and its impact on the environment and the prospects for the development of alternative energy. The article is of practical value within data generalisation on the development of energy in Kazakhstan and foreign countries.

References

[1] Cruz, J.M., Taylor, M.S. 2013. A spatial approach to energy economics. NBER Working Paper 2013: 18908.
[2] Efimtseva, T.V. 2019. Some approaches to solving energy and environmental issues in the legislation of integration associations on the example of the EU and EEC. Lex Russica, 89153: 164-178.
[3] Filimonova, D., Shevgunov, T., Efimov, E. 2016. A fast algorithm for polynomial E-pulse synthesis. Proceedings International Radar Symposium 2016: 7497325.
[4] Filippov, S.P. 2017. Energy of the 21st century: fundamental theory and scientific practice. Institute for Energy Research RAS. Available at: https://docplayer.ru/52994936-Energetika-xxi-veka-fundamentalnaya-teoriya-i-nauchnaya-praktika.html
[5] Formalev, V.F., Kolesnik, S.A. 2019. Heat transfer in a half-space with transversal anisotropy under the action of a lumped heat source. Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics, 92(1): 52-59.
[6] Gendler, S.G., Savenkov, E.A. 2017. Thermophysical justification of new ventilation patterns for double-track subway tunnels in cold climate. Paper presented at 17th International Symposium on Aerodynamics, Ventilation and Fire in Tunnels 2017, ISAVFT 2017, September 13-15, in Lyon, France.
[7] Gizzatova, A., Tarshylova, L., Kazambayeva, A. 2014. Research on production and consumption of food in the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Actual Problems of Economics, 154(4): 294-301.
[8] Kalimullina, D.D., Gafurov, A.M. 2016. The impact of alternative energy on the environment. International Non-Scientific Journal “Innovation Science”, 3: 97-98.
[9] Kasakova, A.S., et al. 2018. New approach to study stimulating effect of the pre-sowing barley seeds treatment in the electromagnetic field. OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, 18(2): 197-207.
[10] Kavkaeva, N.V. 2015. Fundamentals of Economics and Technology of the Most Important Sectors of the Economy. D-Media.
[11] Kostyuk, V.V., Makarov, A.A. 2011. Energy and Geopolitics. Nauka.
[12] Krechetov, I.V., et al. 2018. Implementation of automated lines for sorting and recycling household waste as an important goal of environmental protection. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 9(8): 1805-1812.
[13] Ksenz, N.V., et al. 2019. Determination of the efficiency of the operation mode of nonflowing installation for electroactivation of water and aqueous solutions. International Journal of Automation Technology, 13(4): 539-544.
[14] Kuznetsova, E.L., Makarenko, A.V. 2018. Mathematic simulation of energy-efficient power supply sources for mechatronic modules of promising mobile objects. Periodico Tche Quimica, 15(Special Issue 1): 330-338.
[15] Litvishko, V., et al. 2020. Formation of ecological education of the population. E3S Web of Conferences 159
[16] Makarenko, A.V., Sorokin, A.E. 2017. Model of influence of power line elements on power efficiency of mechatronic modules for advanced mobile objects. Russian Aeronautics, 60(1): 128-133.
[17] Makarenko, A.V., Kuznetsova, E.L. 2019. Energy-efficient actuator for the control system of promising vehicles. Russian Engineering Research, 39(9): 776-779.
[18] Makarov, A.A., Grigoryev, L.M., Mitrova, T.A. 2015. The Evolution of World Energy Markets and Its Consequences for Russia. ERI RAS-AC under the Government of the Russian Federation.
[19] Malikova, O.I., Zlatnikova, M.A. 2019. State policy in the field of renewable energy development. Public Administration. Electronic Bulletin, 72: 5-31.
[20] Malkov, S.Yu., Bilyuga, S.E., Vlasova, A.Yu. 2018. Energy-ecological problems of global development: the experience of quantitative analysis. The Century of Globalisation, 2: 72-88.
[21] Masanov, Yu. 2019. How is green energy developing in Kazakhstan? Kazakhstan Information Bureau. Available at: https://informburo.kz/stati/kak-v-kazahstane-razvivaetsya-zelyonaya-energetika.html
[22] Metechko, L.B., Sorokin, A.E. 2018. Cluster strategy for eco-innovation at manufacturing enterprises. Russian Engineering Research, 38(4): 316-319.
[23] Muradov, Sh.O. 2018. An effective combination of ecology, energy and economics. The Problems of Science, 6: 23-26.
[24] Rabinskii, L.N., Tushavina, O.V. 2019. Composite heat shields in intense energy fluxes with diffusion. Russian Engineering Research, 39(9): 800-803.
[25] Samarin, I.V., Strogonov, A.Y., Butuzov, S.Y. 2019. Evaluation model of integrated safety of fuel and energy complex facilities. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 8(5): 2162-2167.
[26] Shuyushbayeva, N.N., et al. 2020. Reduction of defective conditions of the wind power plant operation at reserving the operation modes of alternative energy. Periodico Tche Quimica, 17(34): 976-997.
[27] Sorokin, A.E., Bulychev, S.N., Gorbachev, S.I. 2019. Environmental impact of paints in high-tech production. Russian Engineering Research, 39(9): 816-819.
[28] Tarasenko, V.A. 2013. Evolution of the development of the world fuel and energy complex in the XX – early XXI centuries as one of the engines of the global economy. Bulletin of REU, 11: 110-120.
[29] Tsverianashvili, I.A. 2016. Stockholm Conference of 1972 and its role in the development of international environmental cooperation. Bulletin of the Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 1: 89-94.
[30] Virt, D.A. 2017. Paris Agreement: a new component of the UN climate regime. Bulletin of International Organisations, 12(4): 185-214.
[31] Voronina, M.V. 2007. World fuel and energy complex current state and development trends. Finance and Credit, 41(281): 70-76.
[32] According to the results of 2019, 87 objects of renewable energy sources will operate in Kazakhstan – the Ministry of Energy. 2019. The official information resource of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Available at: https://primeminister.kz/en/news/po-itogam-2019-goda-v-kazahstane-budut-deystvovat-87-obektov-vozobnovlyaemyh-istochnikov-energii-minenergo
[33] IRENA. 2019. Global energy transformation: A roadmap to 2050 (2019 edition). International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. Available at: https://www.irena.org/DigitalArticles/2019/Apr/-/media/652AE07BBAAC407ABD1D45F6BBA8494B.ashx
[34] National Energy Report. 2019. Kazakhstan Association of Oil and Gas and Energy Complex Organizations “KAZENERGY”, Republic of Kazakhstan, 2019. Available at: http://www.kazenergy.com/upload/document/energy-report/NationalReport19_en.pdf
[35] Statistical Yearbook of World Energy. 2018. Enerdata. Available at: https://yearbook.enerdata.ru/
Published
2020-08-27
How to Cite
AMIRBEKOVA, Ainur B. et al. The Energy Structure of Kazakhstan and Its Environmental Impact. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 5, p. 1067-1080, aug. 2020. ISSN 2068-7729. Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/5456>. Date accessed: 04 dec. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v11.5(45).05.