The Needs for Determining Degradation Risks from Temperature and Relative Humidity of Post-Byzantine Church Indoor Environment
Abstract
Monitoring and dealing with particular conditions related to relative humidity (RH) and temperature within different cultural objects including post-byzantine churches are of primary importance for the current conservation and advancement. The objective of this paper is to explore and discuss how standards can be implemented and guide the decision processes in order to facilitate a sustainable management of cultural buildings. Following the particularities of the interface of Mediterranean and continental climate conditions, here is introduced a general climate risk assessment method, which determines how indoor climates fit into the selected post-byzantine cultural objects in Albania. A relative humidity over 75% and temperature frequently over 30°C within several churches is been assessed as a high risk of sudden or cumulative mechanical damage to most artefacts and paintings because of high humidity. Predicting preservation is an important aspect in preventing damage to objects. This paper also describes the historical and scientific background to the current discussions.
References
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[25] CEN. 2010. CEN/TC 346 - Conservation of cultural property, 2010. EN 15757:2010. Conservation of Cultural Property - specifications for temperature and relative humidity to limit climate-induced mechanical damage in organic hygroscopic materials: European Committee for Standardization.
[26] CEN. 2011. CEN/TC 346 - Conservation of cultural property, 2011. EN 15759-1:2011. Conservation of cultural property - Indoor climate - Part 1: Guidelines for heating churches, chapels and other places of worship: European Committee for Standardization.
[2] Brown, J.P., and Rose, W.B. 1996. Humidity and Moisture in Historic Buildings: The Origins of Building and Object Conservation. APT Bulletin, 27(3): 12–24. DOI: https://doi: 10.2307/1504411
[3] Cámara, B., et al. 2008. Dolostone bioreceptivity to fungal colonization. Mater Constructions, 58:113–24.
[4] Camuffo, D. 2014. Microclimate for Cultural Heritage: Conservation and Restoration of Indoor and Outdoor Monuments, Second edition. (Waltham: Elsevier, 2014).
[5] Erhardt, D., Mecklenburg, M., Tumosa, C., and McCormick-Goodhart, M. 1997. The determination of appropriate museum environments, The Interface between Science and Conservation: British Museum Occasional Paper 116, ed. S. Bradley, British Museum, London, pp. 153–163.
[6] Erhardt, D. and Mecklenburg, M.F. 1995. Accelerated vs Natural Aging: Effect of Aging Conditions on the Aging Process of Cellulose. In: P.B. Vandiver, J.R. Druzik, J.L. Galvan Madrid, I.C. Freestone & G.S. Wheeler, eds. Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology IV. Pittsburgh: Materials Research Society, pp. 247–70.
[7] Gega, R., and Meksi, A. 1989. Travuax de restauration au Monastre D’Aplollonie. Munumentet, 2: 12-53.
[8] Guillitte, O., and Dreesen, R. 1995. Laboratory chamber studies and petrographical analysis as bioreceptivity assessment tools of buildings materials. Science of the Total Environment, 167: 365–74. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04596-S
[9] Kabbani, R. M. 1997. Conservation collaboration between art and science. Chemical Educator Journal, 2(1): 1-17.
[10] Leijonhufvud, G., and Broström, T. 2018. Standardizing the indoor climate in historic buildings: opportunities, challenges and ways forward. Journal of Architectural Conservation, 24(1): 3-18. DOI:https://doi:10.1080/13556207.2018.1447301
[11] Leijonhufvud, G., and Henning, A. 2014. Rethinking Indoor Climate Control in Historic Buildings: TheImportance of Negotiated Priorities and Discursive Hegemony at a Swedish Museum. Energy Research & Social Science, 4: 117–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2014.10.005
[12] Leijonhufvud, G., et al. 2013. Uncertainties in damage assessments of future indoor climates. In: J. Ashley-Smith, A. Burmester, and M. Eibl, eds. Climate for collections: Standards and uncertainties. London: Archetype Publications.
[13] Maxim, D., Bucsa, L., Moza, M., and Chachula, O. 2012. Preliminary antifungal investigation of ten biocides against moulds from two different church frescoes. Annals of RSCB, XVII(2): 139-147.
[14] Mecklenburg, M. F. 1991. Applied mechanics of materials in conservation research. Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology: 105-122. San Francisco: Materials Research Society.
[15] Meksi, A. 1988. Criteria for architecture and art monuments restoration. Monumentet, 2: 32-35.
[16] Miller, A., Dionisio, A., and Macedo, M. F. 2006 Primary bioreceptivity: a comparative study of different Portuguese lithotypes. Int. J. Biodet. Biodeg, 57(2):136–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2006.01.003
[17] Moza, M.I., et al. 2012. Isolation and characterization of moulds degrading mural paintings. Annals of RSCB, 17(1): 136-142.
[18] Shumka, L. 2013. Considering Importance of Light in the Post-Byzantine Church in Central Albania. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2(1): 6381-6386.
[19] Shumka, L., Shumka, S., and Mamoci, E. 2017. Role of fungi in the deterioration of mural frescoes in the post Byzantine Churches. Jökull Journal, 67(2): 35-45.
[20] Shumka, L. 2019: Comparison of indoor climate features following different climate guidelines in conservation examples of selected churches in Albania. International Journal of Conservation Sciences, 10(4): 623-630
[21] Thomson, G. 1986. The Museum Environment, 2nd edn, Butterworths, London.
[22] Valentin, N. 2001. Microbiological Analyses in the Historical Archive in the City of La Laguna in Tenerife Island: GCI Internal report p.35.
[23] ASHRAE. 2007. Museums, libraries and archives, in ASHRAE Handbook: Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning applications, SI edition, AHSRAE, Atlanta, Georgia, 21.1–21.23.
[24] ASHRAE. 2011. Museums, libraries and archives. Chap. 23 in 2011 ASHRAE Handbook: Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Applications. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
[25] CEN. 2010. CEN/TC 346 - Conservation of cultural property, 2010. EN 15757:2010. Conservation of Cultural Property - specifications for temperature and relative humidity to limit climate-induced mechanical damage in organic hygroscopic materials: European Committee for Standardization.
[26] CEN. 2011. CEN/TC 346 - Conservation of cultural property, 2011. EN 15759-1:2011. Conservation of cultural property - Indoor climate - Part 1: Guidelines for heating churches, chapels and other places of worship: European Committee for Standardization.
Published
2020-06-14
How to Cite
SHUMKA, Laura; PERI, Leonidha; LATO, Entela.
The Needs for Determining Degradation Risks from Temperature and Relative Humidity of Post-Byzantine Church Indoor Environment.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 3, p. 601-605, june 2020.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/5037>. Date accessed: 22 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.11.3(43).13.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.