Environmental Carrying Capacity Base on Land Balance to Support Geotourism Programs in the Karst Area of South Malang
Abstract
Environmental carrying capacity is very much needed in areas that will be developed for geotourism, such as the South Malang Karst Area. Even though this area has a good geodiversity, biodiversity and cultural diversity to be developed into geotourism, it is necessary to know how the carrying capacity of the environment in this region supports the sustainability of this geotourism. This study aims to assess the environmental carrying capacity based on land balance in the South Malang Karst Area, which consists of 8 districts, in supporting the sustainability of geotourism. The method used in this research is a descriptive method that refers to the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2009 concerning Guidelines for Determination of Environmental Support Capacity in Regional Spatial Planning, by comparing the comparison of land with land requirements in South Malang. The results of the analysis show that the total cultivated land in the South Malang Karst Area of 10,519.41 hectares produced a total production value of IDR 731.3 billion. While the total land requirement to meet the population and tourists at the moment is 156,264.03 hectares or 145,744.61 less than what is available. Where the Status of Environmental Capability of each district is an overall deficit.
References
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[25] Santoso, E.B.; Erli, H.K.D.M.; Aulia, B.U. and Ghozali, A. 2014. Concept of Carrying Capacity: Challenges in Spatial Planning. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 135: 130–135. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.336
[26] Saveriades, A. 2000. Establishing the social tourism carrying capacity for the tourist resorts of the east coast of the Republic of Cyprus. Tour. Manag. 21: 147–156. DOI:10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00044-8
[27] Sunariya, M., and Iqbal Taufiqurrahman, I. 2018. Environmental Carrying Capacity Analysis in the City of Yogyakarta. Thesis. Gadjah Mada University. Yogjakarta
[28] Świąder, M.; Szewrański, S.; and Kazak, J. 2018. Foodshed as an example of preliminary research for conducting environmental carrying capacity analysis. Sustainability, 10(3): 1 – 22.
[29] UNESCO Global Geoparks. Available online: Available at: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/earth-sciences/unesco-global-geoparks/
[2] Baldwin, J.H. 1985. Assessment of Environment Carrying capacity in Berkeley. J. Environ. Plan. Manag., 76: 234–239.
[3] Brilha, J., Gray, M., Pereira, D.I., and Pereira, P. 2018. Geodiversity: An integrative review as a contribution to the sustainable development of the whole of nature. Environ. Sci. Policy, 86: 19–28. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.05.001
[4] Cahyadi, A. 2010. Management of Karst Areas and Its Role in the Carbon Cycle in Indonesia. Journal of Gadjah Mada University. Yogjakarta. Indonesia
[5] Central Statistics Agency. 2018. Malang Regency in Figures 2018. Malang: Central Statistics Agency of Malang Regency
[6] Clark, J. R. 199). Intragated Management ff Coastal Zones. Fao Fisheries Technical Paper No. 327 United Nations. 167 PP. Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/T0708E/T0708E00.htm
[7] Farsani, N.T., Coelho, C.O.A., Costa, C.M.M., and Amrikazemi, A. 2014. Geo-knowledge Management and Geoconservation via Geoparks and Geotourism. Geoheritage, 6: 185–192. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-014-0099-7
[8] Gabriel, R. et al. 2018. An emerging paradigm for the UNESCO global geoparks: The ecosystem’s health provision. Geosciences, 8, 100. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8030100
[9] Godschalk, D.R. and Parker, F.H. 1975. Carrying capacity: A key to environmental planning? J. Soil Water Conserv., 235: 23–28.
[10] Gordon, J.E. 2018. Geoheritage, geotourism and the cultural landscape: Enhancing the visitor experience and promoting geoconservation. Geosciences, 8(136): 1-24. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8040136
[11] Gray, M. 2013. Geodiversity. In Valuing and Conserving Abiotic Nature. Wiley-Blackwell: Chichester, UK; pp. 1–495.\
[12] Han, J.; Wu, F.; Tian, M. and Li, W. 2018. From Geopark to Sustainable Development: Heritage Conservation and Geotourism Promotion in the Huangshan UNESCO Global Geopark (China). Geoheritage, 10: 79–91. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-017-0227-2
[13] Henriques, M.H. and Brilha, J. 2017. UNESCO Global Geoparks: A strategy towards global understanding and sustainability. Episodes, 40: 349–355. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2017/v40i4/017036
[14] Hose, T.A. 2008. Towards a history of geotourism: Definitions, antecedents and the future. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 300: 37–60. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1144/SP300.5
[15] Justice, S.C. 2018. UNESCO global geoparks, geotourism and communication of the earth sciences: A case study in the Chablais UNESCO Global Geopark, France. Geosciences, 8, 149. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8050149
[16] Kang, P. and Xu, L. 2012. Water environmental carrying capacity assessment of an industrial park. Procedia Environ. Sci. 13: 879–890. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2012.01.082
[17] Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. RI Ministry of Environment. Jakarta, Indonesia
[18] Liu, R.Z. and Borthwick, A.G.L. 2011. Measurement and assessment of carrying capacity of the environment in Ningbo, China. J. Environ. Manag. 92: 2047–2053. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.03.033
[19] Nuraini, F. 2012. Study of Characteristics and Potential of Karst Areas for Ecotourism Development in Gunungkidul Regency Sub-district. Essay. Yogjakarta State University. Yogjakarta. Indonesia. Available at: http://eprints.uny.ac.id/24490/1/SKRIPSI_Fahad%20Nuraini_08405244013.pdf
[20] Ólafsdóttir, R. and Tverijonaite, E. 2018. Geotourism: A systematic literature review. Geosciences, 8, 234. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8070234
[21] Prosser, C.D. 2013. Our rich and varied geoconservation portfolio: The foundation for the future. Proc. Geol. Assoc., 124(4): 568–580. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2012.06.001
[22] Regulation of the Minister of Environment Number 17 of 2009 Concerning Guidelines for Determination of Environmental Support Capacity in Regional Spatial Planning. Jakarta, Indonesia.
[23] Ristiawan, Wahyu, A., and Reinhart, H. 2019. Roles of Cave Maps as Geoinformation in Supporting Geotourism: Practice in Gunung Sewu Unesco Global Geopark. National Seminar Proceedings on the 12th Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University. Available at: https://ejournal.bsi.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jp/article/view/6162
[24] Ruban, D.A. 2017. Geodiversity as a precious national resource: A note on the role of geoparks. Resour. Policy, 53: 103–108. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2017.06.007
[25] Santoso, E.B.; Erli, H.K.D.M.; Aulia, B.U. and Ghozali, A. 2014. Concept of Carrying Capacity: Challenges in Spatial Planning. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 135: 130–135. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.336
[26] Saveriades, A. 2000. Establishing the social tourism carrying capacity for the tourist resorts of the east coast of the Republic of Cyprus. Tour. Manag. 21: 147–156. DOI:10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00044-8
[27] Sunariya, M., and Iqbal Taufiqurrahman, I. 2018. Environmental Carrying Capacity Analysis in the City of Yogyakarta. Thesis. Gadjah Mada University. Yogjakarta
[28] Świąder, M.; Szewrański, S.; and Kazak, J. 2018. Foodshed as an example of preliminary research for conducting environmental carrying capacity analysis. Sustainability, 10(3): 1 – 22.
[29] UNESCO Global Geoparks. Available online: Available at: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/earth-sciences/unesco-global-geoparks/
Published
2020-02-22
How to Cite
SUTANHAJI, Alexander Tunggul et al.
Environmental Carrying Capacity Base on Land Balance to Support Geotourism Programs in the Karst Area of South Malang.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 8, p. 1756-1766, feb. 2020.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/4387>. Date accessed: 26 july 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v10.8(40).06.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2025 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2025. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.