The Perception of Lack of Security of Tourist in the Latacunga City and Its Impact on Tourism Demand
Abstract
There are several reasons for traveling to a tourist destination, which depend on the personality and objectives, however a key factor while choosing and going on a trip is the risk and level of security provided, such as: physical (infrastructure), natural and human environment, as well as traveling area. That is why, it is important to determine human factors that contribute to the tourist’s perception of insecurity and violence in the city of Latacunga. Thus, the present investigation refers to the problem of tourists’ victimization and their fear going to the city due to its violence and danger. The approaches used were the following: quantitative, documentary, field, non-experimental, cross-sectional and exploratory, descriptive and correlational. The investigation results revealed that migration, violence, unemployment and tourist victimization are the reasons that trigger low tourism demand in the city. In this regard, the scientific information revealed that the image of insecurity that has the tourist of the canton and the perception of violence caused is simmering and pretty high.
References
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*** EOM. 2018a. Insecurity in Latin America. Available at: https://elordenmundial.com/wpcontent/uploads/2018/07/Inseguridad_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina.jpg
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*** EOM. 2018c. The impact of corruption in Latin America and the Caribbean - Maps of the World Order - EOM. Available at: https://elordenmundial.com/mapas/la-corrupcion-en-america-latina/
*** GOV.UK. 2019. Foreign travel advice. Ecuador. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/ecuador
*** INEC. 2011. Survey of Victimization and Insecurity Perception 2011. Available at: http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec//documentos/web-inec/Victimizacion/Presentacion_principales_resultados.pdf
*** INEC. 2018a. National Survey on Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment. Available at: http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/POBREZA/2018/Junio-2018/201806_Pobreza.pdf
*** INEC. 2018b. Statistics Registry of International Arrivals and Departures 2017. Available at: http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Poblacion_y_Demografia/Migracion/2017/Presentacion_Entradas_y_Salidas_Internacionales_2017.pdf.
*** International Organization of migration. 2018. World Migration Report 2018. ISBN 978-92-9068-762-7. Available at: https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/wmr_2018_sp.pdf
*** MININTER. 2017. Specific actions for tourism security were defined in the Fifth Technical Table. Available at: https://www.ministeriointerior.gob.ec/acciones-concretas-por-la-seguridad-turistica-se-definieron-en-quinta-mesa-tecnica/
*** MININTER. 2018. Ecuador decreased by 12% in the crimes with the greatest social impact in 2018. Available at: https://www.ministeriointerior.gob.ec/ecuador-disminuyo-en-un-12-los-delitos-de-mayor-afectacion-social-en-2018/
*** Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, Presidency of the Nation. Types and Forms of Violence. Available at: http://www.jus.gob.ar/areas-tematicas/violencia-de-genero/tipos-y-modalidades-de-violencia.aspx (accessed September 20, 2019)
*** MINTUR Services Portal. 2018. Turismo Ecuador. International arrivals and departures in Ecuador. Available at: http://servicios.turismo.gob.ec/index.php/portfolio/turismo-cifras/19-inteligencia-de-mercados/movimientos-migratorios-del-ecuador/2
*** National Secretariat of Planning and Development. 2015. Agenda Zonal Zona 3 Centro. Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, Chimborazo and Pastaza 2013 - 2017. Available at: http://www.planificacion.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2015/11/Agenda-zona-3.pdf.
*** Real Academia Española. Dictionary of Spanish language. Tercentenary Edition. Available at: http://dle.rae.es/?id=LjvUhbc (accessed April 13, 2019)
*** SEA. Insecurity in Latin America. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. University of Edinburgh Press. Available at: http://www.seguridadenamerica.com.mx/noticias/articulos/15170/la-inseguridad-en-latinoamericaGoffman (accessed April 29, 2019).
*** World Bank. 2018. International volumes of migrants, total. Available at: https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicator/SM.POP.TOTL?end=2015&locations=EC&start=1960&view=chart
[2] Brazales, D.F. 2018. Indicators for a tourist observatory. Editorial Académica Española. ISBN-13: 978-620-2-14723-1.
[3] Brazales, D., Semblantes, B., and Monteros, V. 2018. Rules and procedures in food safety. Editorial Académica Española.
[4] Carpenter-Arévalo, M. 2019. In Latin America, the business of trolling threatens Twitter’s disruptive power. Techcrunch. Available at: https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/24/in-latin-america-the-business-of-trolling-threatens-twitters-disruptive-power/
[5] Carrión, F. 2000. Violence in Ecuador. Available at: http://www.flacso.org.ec/docs/artvioecu.pdf.
[6] de la Torre, M., and Escobedo, D.N. 2013. Tourism, violence and vulnerability. Revista de Temas Sociales, 31: 11−14. Available at: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4349553
[7] Fernández, I. 2006. Social violence in Latin America. Latin American Perspectives, 41 (8): 51−56.
[8] Guanotásig, F.C.M. 2010. The population growth and the increase in the violence index registered in the city of Latacunga in the last 10 years. PhD Theses. Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial 151−156 pp. Available at: http://repositorio.ute.edu.ec/bitstream/123456789/12043/1/41599_1.pdf
[9] Hernández Lopez, E., and de la Torre, M.I. 2016. Tourism and violence. The new imaginaries of fear. Opción: Revista de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, 13: 203−227. Available at: http://www.redalyc.org/resumen.oa?id=31048483012.
[10] Herrera Mosquera, G., Moncayo, M.I. and García, A. 2012. Migration profile of Ecuador. International Organization for Migration. ISBN 978-92-9068-647-7. Available at: http://repository.oim.org.co/handle/20.500.11788/1386
[11] Jiménez, E.V. 2016. Violence in the Northern Triangle of Central America: A reality generating displacement. Papel Politico, 21 (1):167−196. DOI:https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.papo21-1.vtnc
[12] Mikhaylov, A.S., Mikhaylova, A.A., Savchina, O.V. 2018. Innovation security of cross-border innovative milieus, Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 6(2): 754–766. DOI:http://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2018.6.2(19)
[13] Mollericona, J., Tinini, N., and Paredes, A. 2007. Public security in the city of El Alto: Borders between fear and neighborhood action. Fundacion PIEB. (in Spanish)
[14] Ocampo, E., Ricardo, D. 2013. Migration in the city. Urban impact sustainability scenarios. School of Business Administration EAN, 78 (10): 140–159. Available at: http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/ean/n78/n78a10.pdf
[15] Ordóñez, M. 2005. Employment policies in local tourism planning in Ecuador: Tools for its development. United Nations Publications. Available at: https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/5939.
[16] Peeters, P., Gössling, S., Klijs, J., Milano, C., Novelli, M., Dijkmans, C., Eijgelaar, E., Hartman, S., et al. 2018. Research for TRAN Committee - Overtourism: Impact and possible policy responses. European Parliament, Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies, Brussels. Available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=IPOL_STU(2018)629184
[17] Pérez P.J., and Merino, M. 2008. Definition of insecurity. https://definicion.de/inseguridad (in Spanish)
[18] Sánchez de la Cruz, Diego. 2018. Violence is poverty: The cost of insecurity in Latin America. Available at: https://es.panampost.com/diego-sanchez/2018/03/30/violencia-es-pobreza-el-coste-de-la-inseguridad-en-america-latina/
[19] Tapia P.J. 2013. Public insecurity: Reasons and consequences. El Cotidiano, 180: 103–112. Available at: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/325/32528338007.pdf
[20] Telezhko, I., Biryukova, Y.K., Kurilenko, V. 2019. A model for forming tolerance in profession-oriented text translators as part of the process of developing their sociocultural competence. Xlinguae, 12 (1): 116–124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18355/xl.2019.12.01.09
[21] Vargas, M., Luz, M. 1994. About the concept of perception. Alteridades, 4 (8): 47−53. Available at: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/747/74711353004.pdf
*** Cedatos Company. 2018. La inseguridad en el ecuador - Recuperado 10 de septiembre de 2018, Available at: http://www.cedatos.com.ec/detalles_noticia.php?Id=86 (accessed July 14, 2019).
*** El País. 2011. Insecurity in Latin America. To travel or not to travel? Available at: https://elpais.com/elpais/2011/07/29/3500_millones/1311914220_131191.html
*** EOM. 2018a. Insecurity in Latin America. Available at: https://elordenmundial.com/wpcontent/uploads/2018/07/Inseguridad_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina.jpg
*** EOM. 2018b. Insecurity in Latin America and the Caribbean. Available at: https://elordenmundial.com/mapas/la-inseguridad-en-america-latina/
*** EOM. 2018c. The impact of corruption in Latin America and the Caribbean - Maps of the World Order - EOM. Available at: https://elordenmundial.com/mapas/la-corrupcion-en-america-latina/
*** GOV.UK. 2019. Foreign travel advice. Ecuador. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/ecuador
*** INEC. 2011. Survey of Victimization and Insecurity Perception 2011. Available at: http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec//documentos/web-inec/Victimizacion/Presentacion_principales_resultados.pdf
*** INEC. 2018a. National Survey on Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment. Available at: http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/POBREZA/2018/Junio-2018/201806_Pobreza.pdf
*** INEC. 2018b. Statistics Registry of International Arrivals and Departures 2017. Available at: http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Poblacion_y_Demografia/Migracion/2017/Presentacion_Entradas_y_Salidas_Internacionales_2017.pdf.
*** International Organization of migration. 2018. World Migration Report 2018. ISBN 978-92-9068-762-7. Available at: https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/wmr_2018_sp.pdf
*** MININTER. 2017. Specific actions for tourism security were defined in the Fifth Technical Table. Available at: https://www.ministeriointerior.gob.ec/acciones-concretas-por-la-seguridad-turistica-se-definieron-en-quinta-mesa-tecnica/
*** MININTER. 2018. Ecuador decreased by 12% in the crimes with the greatest social impact in 2018. Available at: https://www.ministeriointerior.gob.ec/ecuador-disminuyo-en-un-12-los-delitos-de-mayor-afectacion-social-en-2018/
*** Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, Presidency of the Nation. Types and Forms of Violence. Available at: http://www.jus.gob.ar/areas-tematicas/violencia-de-genero/tipos-y-modalidades-de-violencia.aspx (accessed September 20, 2019)
*** MINTUR Services Portal. 2018. Turismo Ecuador. International arrivals and departures in Ecuador. Available at: http://servicios.turismo.gob.ec/index.php/portfolio/turismo-cifras/19-inteligencia-de-mercados/movimientos-migratorios-del-ecuador/2
*** National Secretariat of Planning and Development. 2015. Agenda Zonal Zona 3 Centro. Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, Chimborazo and Pastaza 2013 - 2017. Available at: http://www.planificacion.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2015/11/Agenda-zona-3.pdf.
*** Real Academia Española. Dictionary of Spanish language. Tercentenary Edition. Available at: http://dle.rae.es/?id=LjvUhbc (accessed April 13, 2019)
*** SEA. Insecurity in Latin America. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. University of Edinburgh Press. Available at: http://www.seguridadenamerica.com.mx/noticias/articulos/15170/la-inseguridad-en-latinoamericaGoffman (accessed April 29, 2019).
*** World Bank. 2018. International volumes of migrants, total. Available at: https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicator/SM.POP.TOTL?end=2015&locations=EC&start=1960&view=chart
Published
2020-01-01
How to Cite
BRAZALES HERRERA, Diego Fabricio; CABEZAS MEJÍA, Edison Damián; SANTAMARÍA TORRES, Belén Johana.
The Perception of Lack of Security of Tourist in the Latacunga City and Its Impact on Tourism Demand.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 6, p. 1405-1416, jan. 2020.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/4217>. Date accessed: 04 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v10.6(38).24.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.