Local People’s Practices in the Tourism Region of Indonesia: Issues, Threats and Solutions
Abstract
Quality of experience is the tourists’ dream when visiting the beach, island or the coastal area. However, unsustainable practices potentially constrain tourists in obtaining good service from the local people. As a consequence, the tourists’ satisfaction may not be achieved and the local people cannot gain sustainable economic advantages. This paper discusses unsustainable practices that occur in a tourism region called Tanjung Bira Beach, Indonesia. A qualitative study, which was conducted in 2016-2018, provides relevant information about the current practices by the local people, why they behave in such ways and what are their expectations to optimize the positive impacts of tourism. The study reveals that the way local people serve the guests and practice daily activities potentially degrade the quality of the environment. Issues of how boat providers use anchor in managing their boats and serving the guests, the souvenir making process, and water issue need to be tackled by making people aware about their tourism resources and their utilization for their own sustainable benefits. It is argued that three stakeholders (local people, local government and local tourism industries) have the opportunity to improve the quality of service and to protect the tourism resources. This paper offers three approaches that the stakeholders can do to optimize the positive impacts of beach tourism while reducing the unsustainable practices by the local people.
References
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[2] Choi, H.C., and Sirakaya, E. 2006. Sustainability indicators for managing community tourism. Tourism Management, 27: 1274-1289. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-90-481-9861-0_7
[3] Cole, S. 2006. Information and empowerment: The keys to achieving sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(6): 629-644. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2167/jost607.0
[4] Conaghan, A., Hanrahan, J., and McLoughlin, E. 2015. The attitudes of the key stakeholders on sustainable tourism in Ireland: The holidaymaker and tourism enterprise perspective. Tourism, 63(3): 275-293. https://hrcak.srce.hr/145680
[5] Dede, O.M. and Ayten, A.M. 2012. The role of spatial planning for sustainable tourism, A theoretical model for Turkey development. Tourism, 60(4): 431-445. https://hrcak.srce.hr/94260
[6] Dixon, A.W., Oh, C-O. and Draper, J. 2012. Access to the beach: Comparing the economic values of coastal residents and tourists. Journal of Travel Research, 51(6): 742-753.
[7] Dwyer, L. and Edwards, D. 2010. Sustainable tourism planning, in J. Liburd and D. Edwards (Eds.) Understanding the sustainable development of tourism, Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers, 19-44 pp.
[8] Elliott, B. 2001. Operations management: a key player in achieving a sustainable future. Management Services, 45 (7): 14-21. http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/11576917/operations-management-key-player-achieving-sustainable-future
[9] Hall, C.M. 2011. Climate change and its impacts on tourism: Regional assesments, knowledge gaps and issues, in A. Jones and M. Phillips (Eds.), Disappearing destinations: Climate change and future challenges for coastal tourism, Wallingford: CABI, 10-29 pp.
[10] Harrison, L.C., Jayawardena, C. and Clayton, A. 2003. Sustainable tourism development in the Caribbean: Practical challenges. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 15(5): 294-298.
[11] Hastuti, T.K., and Yuliati, U. 2018. A model for mangrove forest management based on community empowerment in Bantul Regency. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 8(2): 1232-1237.
[12] Heitmann, S. 2011. Tourist behaviour and tourism motivation, in P. Robinson, S. Heitmann and P. Dieke (Eds.) Research themes for tourism, Cambridge: CABI, 31-44 pp.
[13] Jamal, T., and Stronza, A. 2009. Collaboration theory and tourism practice in protected areas: Stakeholders, structuring and sustainability. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(2): 169-189. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580802495741
[14] Jovicic, D.Z. 2013. Key issues in the implementation of sustainable tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(4): 297-302. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.797386
[15] Junaid, I. 2017. The value of stewardship for the management of Bira Beach as tourism attraction. Kawistara, Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora, 7(2): 115-206. DOI:https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.26223
[16] Junaid, I., and D’Hauteserre, A-M. 2017. Collaborative schemes for anticipating negative impacts of the tourists’ visit. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 23(2): 279-294. DOI:https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.23.2.8
[17] Khan, H.R, 2017. Impacts of tourism activities on environment and sustainability of Pattaya Beach in Thailand. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 8(8): 1469-1473. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v8.8(24).02
[18] Kim, K., Hallab, Z., and Kim, J.N. 2012. The moderating effect of travel experience in a destination on the relationship between the destination image and the intention to revisit. Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management, 21: 486–505. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2012.626745
[19] Lazarow, N., Raybould, M., and Anning, D. 2013. Beach, sun and surf tourism, in C. A. Tisdell (Ed.) Handbook of tourism economics: Analysis, new applications and case studies, London: World Scientific, 361-390 pp.
[20] Lew, A.A., Hall, C.M., and Dallen J.T. 2008. World geography of travel and tourism: A regional approach. Burlington: Elsevier.
[21] Lim, C.C., and Cooper, C. 2009. Beyond sustainability: Optimising island tourism development. International Journal of Tourism Research, 11: 89-103. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.688
[22] Mason, P. 2003.Tourism impacts, planning and management. Burlington: Butterworth-Heinemann.
[23] Mitchell, R.E. 2008. Community perspective in sustainable tourism: Lessons from Peru, in S. F. McCool and R. N. Moisey (Eds.) Tourism, recreation and sustainability: Linking culture and the environment, Wallingford: CABI, 158-182 pp.
[24] Mohammad, A.B., and Mat Som, A.P. 2010. An analysis of push and pull travel motivations of foreign tourists to Jordan. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(12): 41-50. DOI:10.5539/ijbm.v5n12p41
[25] Moscardo, G., Pearce, P., Green, D., and O’Leary, J.T. 2001. Understanding coastal and marine tourism demand from three European markets. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 9(3): 212–27. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580108667399
[26] Nejati, M., Mohamed, B., and Omar, S.I. 2014. Environmental impacts of tourism on locals’ perceived importance of sustainable tourism. Tourismos: An International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism, 9(2): 147-160. http://www.chios.aegean.gr/tourism/vol9no2.pdf
[27] Orams, M.B. 2002. Marine ecotourism as potential agent for sustainable development in Kaikoura, New Zealand. International Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(3): 338-352. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSD.2002.003757
[28] Page, S., and Connell, J. 2008. Sustainable tourism. London. Routledge.
[29] Pesonen, JA. 2012. Segmentation of rural tourists: Combining push and pull motivations. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 18(1): 69-82. https://hrcak.srce.hr/83824
[30] Presbury, R., and Edwards, D. 2010. Sustainable operations management, in J. J. Liburd, and D. Edwards (Eds.) Understanding the sustainable development of tourism. Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers. 45-66 pp.
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[32] Saarinen, J. 2006. Traditions of sustainability in tourism studies. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(4): 1121–1140. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.06.007
[33] Sharpley, R. 2009. Tourism development and the environment: Beyond sustainability? London. Earthscan.
[34] Tan, W-K. 2017. Repeat visitation: a study from the perspective of leisure constraint, tourist experience, destination images, and experiential familiarity. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6: 233-242. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.04.003
[35] Thanyasunthornsakun, K. 2016. An evaluation of cultural heritage tourism destination attributes for delighting visitors: A case study of the Ban Chiang Archaeological Site. Pertanika Journals Social Sciences & Humanities, 24 (S): 95 – 114.
[36] Timothy, D.J. and Nyaupane, G.P. 2009. Introduction: Heritage tourism and the less-developed world, in D. J. Timothy and G. P. Nyaupane (Eds.). Cultural heritage and tourism in the developing world: a regional perspective. London: Routledge, 3-19 pp.
[37] TribunBulukumba.com. 2017. Long weekend, sebanyak ini pengunjung pantai Bira di Bulukumba. http://makassar.tribunnews.com/2017/12/26/long-weekend-sebanyak-ini-pengunjung-pantai-bira-di-bulukumba (in Indonesian)
Published
2019-10-03
How to Cite
JUNAID, Ilham; SOM, Ahmad Puad Mat.
Local People’s Practices in the Tourism Region of Indonesia: Issues, Threats and Solutions.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 4, p. 819-828, oct. 2019.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/3889>. Date accessed: 20 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.10.4(36).12.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.