A THEORETICAL STUDY BETWEEN THE TWO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: ECO MANAGEMENT AUDIT SCHEME –EMAS - AND ISO 14000
Abstract
The concept of an environmental management system evolved in the early nineties.An environmental management system exists to help organizations minimize how their operations (processes etc.) negatively affect the environment (i.e. cause adverse changes to air, water, or land), comply with applicable laws, regulations, and other environmentally oriented requirements, and continually improve in the above. An environmental management system can also manage natural resources, and improve the reliability and credibility of the environmental policies. At the European level we have EMAS. The Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) is the EU’s voluntary scheme designed for companies and other organisations committing themselves to evaluate, manage and improve their environmental performance.
This was introduced by a European Union council regulation (No. 1836/29.06.1993), requiring implementation in all European Union Member States. EMAS was formally introduced in the United Kingdom in April 1995. ISO 14000 is an International Standard (1996) Applicable on an international scale.
This paper aims to make a theoretical comparison between these two environmental management systems.
References
[1] Burja, V. 2012. Environmental Management Systems and Companies’ Sustainable Performance in Romania. Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, 14(1).
[2] Culley, W.C. 1998. Environmental and Quality Systems Integration. New York, Lewis Publishers.
[3] Emilsson, S., and Hjelm, O. 2002. Implementation of standardised environmental management systems in Swedish local authorities: reasons, expectations and some outcomes, Environmental Science & Policy, 5(6): 443–448.
[4] Fredericks, I., and McCallum, D. 1995. International standards for environmental management systems: ISO14000, originally published in Canadian Environmental Protection.
[5] Jiang, R.J., and Bansal, P. 2003. Seeing the need for ISO 14001, Journal of Management Studies, 40(4): 1047–1067.
[6] Kaur, H. 2010. Do ISO 14001 EMS companies in Malaysia reward employees for environmental initiatives? Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, II: 2(2): 98-108, ASERS Publishing.
[7] Kolk, A. 2000. Economics of Environmental Management. Essex. United Kingdom.
[8] Maier, S., Vanstone, K. 2005. Do good environmental management systems lead to good environmental performance?, Research briefing, Available from: http://www.eiris.org/files/researchpublic.
[9] Paraschiv, D.M., Nemoianu, E.L. and Langă, C.A., 2012. Exploring eco-innovation trends in the European construction sector. Focus on Romania. The Romanian Economic Journal, XIV(42): 69-88.
[10] Rendell, E.G., McGinty, K.A. 2004. Environmental Management Systems. A Guidebook for Improving Energy and Environmental Performance in Local Government, available at http://www.lgean.org/documents/ EMSGuidebookPA.pdf.
[11] Rojanschi, V., Bran, F., Diaconu, S., Florian, G. Evaluarea impactului ecologic şi auditul de mediu, Editura ASE, Bucureşti, 2004.
[12] Sheldon, C., and Yoxon, M. 2006. Environmental Management Systems: A Step-by-Step Guide to Implementation and Maintenance. Earthscan Publications, UK.
[13] Sheps, I. 2008. QMS in future – ISO TC 176 Perspective. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 9 (3): 682-690.
[14] Zutshi, A., and Sohal, A.S. 2004. Adoption and maintenance of environmental management systems: critical success factors. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 15(4): 399-419.
[15] Vernon, J., Peacock, M., Belin, A., Ganzleben, C., and Candell, M. 2009. Final Report. Study on the Costs and Benefits of EMAS to Registered Organisations Study Contract No. 07.0307/2008/517800/ETU/G.2.
*** ISO 14001, Environmental Management System, Self-Assessment Checklist, March 1996, -Revised November 2000 to reflect numbering scheme of final standard - Global Environmental Management Initiative (GEMI), available at: http://www.gemi.org/resources/iso_111.pdf
*** International Organization for Standardization. Discover ISO: ISO’s Origins. Available at: http://www.iso.org /iso/about/discover-iso_isos-origins.htm.
*** International Organization for Standardization. About the ISO Story. Available at: http://www.iso.org /iso/about/the_iso_story.htm.
*** International Organization for Standardization. Discover ISO: ISO’s Origins. Available at: http://www.iso.org /iso/about/discover-iso_isos-origins.htm
*** EMAS I: Council Regulation (EEC) No 1836/93.
*** British Standards Institute (1994) British Standard for Environmental Management Systems: BS7750.
*** REGULATION (EC) No 761/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19March 2001.
*** http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Sustainable_development_-_Consumption_and_production.
*** http://apo-tokyo.org/videoclips/resources/D1L2.pdf.
*** http://www.epa.gov/.
*** http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_management_system.
*** http://www.iso.org/iso/iso14000.
*** http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco-Management_and_Audit_Scheme.
*** http://ec.europa.eu/environment/emas/pdf/factsheet/fs_iso_en.pdf.
[2] Culley, W.C. 1998. Environmental and Quality Systems Integration. New York, Lewis Publishers.
[3] Emilsson, S., and Hjelm, O. 2002. Implementation of standardised environmental management systems in Swedish local authorities: reasons, expectations and some outcomes, Environmental Science & Policy, 5(6): 443–448.
[4] Fredericks, I., and McCallum, D. 1995. International standards for environmental management systems: ISO14000, originally published in Canadian Environmental Protection.
[5] Jiang, R.J., and Bansal, P. 2003. Seeing the need for ISO 14001, Journal of Management Studies, 40(4): 1047–1067.
[6] Kaur, H. 2010. Do ISO 14001 EMS companies in Malaysia reward employees for environmental initiatives? Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, II: 2(2): 98-108, ASERS Publishing.
[7] Kolk, A. 2000. Economics of Environmental Management. Essex. United Kingdom.
[8] Maier, S., Vanstone, K. 2005. Do good environmental management systems lead to good environmental performance?, Research briefing, Available from: http://www.eiris.org/files/researchpublic.
[9] Paraschiv, D.M., Nemoianu, E.L. and Langă, C.A., 2012. Exploring eco-innovation trends in the European construction sector. Focus on Romania. The Romanian Economic Journal, XIV(42): 69-88.
[10] Rendell, E.G., McGinty, K.A. 2004. Environmental Management Systems. A Guidebook for Improving Energy and Environmental Performance in Local Government, available at http://www.lgean.org/documents/ EMSGuidebookPA.pdf.
[11] Rojanschi, V., Bran, F., Diaconu, S., Florian, G. Evaluarea impactului ecologic şi auditul de mediu, Editura ASE, Bucureşti, 2004.
[12] Sheldon, C., and Yoxon, M. 2006. Environmental Management Systems: A Step-by-Step Guide to Implementation and Maintenance. Earthscan Publications, UK.
[13] Sheps, I. 2008. QMS in future – ISO TC 176 Perspective. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 9 (3): 682-690.
[14] Zutshi, A., and Sohal, A.S. 2004. Adoption and maintenance of environmental management systems: critical success factors. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 15(4): 399-419.
[15] Vernon, J., Peacock, M., Belin, A., Ganzleben, C., and Candell, M. 2009. Final Report. Study on the Costs and Benefits of EMAS to Registered Organisations Study Contract No. 07.0307/2008/517800/ETU/G.2.
*** ISO 14001, Environmental Management System, Self-Assessment Checklist, March 1996, -Revised November 2000 to reflect numbering scheme of final standard - Global Environmental Management Initiative (GEMI), available at: http://www.gemi.org/resources/iso_111.pdf
*** International Organization for Standardization. Discover ISO: ISO’s Origins. Available at: http://www.iso.org /iso/about/discover-iso_isos-origins.htm.
*** International Organization for Standardization. About the ISO Story. Available at: http://www.iso.org /iso/about/the_iso_story.htm.
*** International Organization for Standardization. Discover ISO: ISO’s Origins. Available at: http://www.iso.org /iso/about/discover-iso_isos-origins.htm
*** EMAS I: Council Regulation (EEC) No 1836/93.
*** British Standards Institute (1994) British Standard for Environmental Management Systems: BS7750.
*** REGULATION (EC) No 761/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19March 2001.
*** http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Sustainable_development_-_Consumption_and_production.
*** http://apo-tokyo.org/videoclips/resources/D1L2.pdf.
*** http://www.epa.gov/.
*** http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_management_system.
*** http://www.iso.org/iso/iso14000.
*** http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco-Management_and_Audit_Scheme.
*** http://ec.europa.eu/environment/emas/pdf/factsheet/fs_iso_en.pdf.
Published
2016-11-11
How to Cite
BARBU, Cristina; NEGULESCU, Mihail; BARBU, Irina Catalina.
A THEORETICAL STUDY BETWEEN THE TWO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: ECO MANAGEMENT AUDIT SCHEME –EMAS - AND ISO 14000.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 2, p. 59-69, nov. 2016.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/382>. Date accessed: 28 apr. 2024.
Section
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism
Keywords
environmental management system; EMAS; ISO 14000; European Union
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.