The Development and Potential Evaluation of Indonesian Lore Lindu National Park Ecotourism in Relation to the Economic Growth of the Surrounding Community
Abstract
The irresponsible utilization of natural resources in the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP) could damage the sustainability of the ecosystem. One of the methods of natural resources utilization of LLNP was Ecotourism. Ecotourism was one of the approaches that kept in mind socio-economic aspects. This research used cross-sectional data and data collection was conducted from March until June 2018. The location of this research was the area of LLNP located in the administrative area of Sigi Regency. The research was conducted across eight villages in Sigi Regency; the number of respondents used was 284 households head (HH). Data collection and data analysis employed questionnaires and structural equation modeling (SEM) respectively. The results of this research showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the utilization of forest products for household industry, the ecology utilization of the rebuttal area, socio-cultural community, and institutional availability with the economic growth of the surrounding community of LLNP. The strongest relationship was between the utilization of ecology in the rebuttal area of LLNP and the economic growth of the surrounding community. The development potential of LLNP ecotourism could be improved by utilizing forest products for household industry, utilizing the ecology of the rebuttal area of LLNP, increasing the socio-cultural relationship of the surrounding community, and enhancing institutional functions.
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[2] Antara, M., and Effendy. 2018. Allocation optimization of farmers’ resources to achieve maximum income in parigi moutong regency. Asian Journal of Scientific Research, 11(2): 267-275. DOI: 10.3923/ajsr.2018.267.275
[3] Barrett, P. 2007. Structural equation modelling: Adjudging model fit. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5):815–824.
[4] Byrne, B.M. 2013. Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Routledge, New York, Third Edition, 438 p.
[5] Chen, F., Curran, P.J., Bollen, K.A., Kirby, J. and Paxton, P. 2008. An empirical evaluation of the use of fixed cutoff points in RMSEA test statistic in structural equation models. Sociol Methods Res, 36(4): 462–494.
[6] Cheung, H. 2012. Tourism in Kenya’s national parks: A cost-benefit analysis. Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph (SURG), 6(1): 31-41.
[7] Curran, P.J., Bollen, K.A., Paxton, P., Kirby, J. and Chen, F. 2002. The noncentral chi-square distribution in misspecified structural equation models: Finite sample results from a Monte Carlo simulation. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 37(1):1–36.
[8] Dagustani, D., Kartini, D., Oesman, Y.M., and Kaltum, U. 2017. Memorable tourism experience. Antecedents and destination image outcome in Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 8(24): 1482-1493. DOI: 10.14505/jemt.v8.8(24).04.
[9] Dearden, P., Bennett, M., and Johnston, J. 2005. Trends in global protected area governance 1992–2002. Environmental Management, 36: 89–100.
[10] Duxbury, J., and Dickinson, S. 2007. Principles for sustainable governance of the coastal zone: In the context of coastal disasters. Ecological Economics, 63: 319–330.
[11] Effendy. 2018a. Factors affecting variation of total factor productivity in cocoa farming in the Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 12(04): 655-660. DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.18.12.04.pne1025
[12] Effendy. 2018b. Changes of technical efficiency and total factor productivity of cocoa farming in Indonesia. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 24(4): 566–573.
[13] Effendy and Antara, M. 2015. Effect of input production against quality of cocoa beans. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 12(10): 709-713.
[14] Effendy., Hanani, N., Setiawan, B., and Muhaimin, A.W. 2013. Effect characteristics of farmers on the level of technology adoption side-grafting in cocoa farming at Sigi Regency-Indonesia. Journal of Agriculture Science, 5 (12): 72-77.
[15] Effendy, Pratama, M.F., Rauf, R.A., Antara, M., Basir-Cyio, M., Mahfudz and Muhardi. 2019. Factors influencing the efficiency of cocoa farms: A study to increase income in rural Indonesia. PLoS ONE, 14(4): e0214569. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214569
[16] Evans, L.S. 2010. Ecological knowledge interactions in marine governance in Kenya. Ocean and Coastal Management, 53:180–191.
[17] Fan, X., and Sivo, S.A. 2005. Sensitivity of fit indexes to misspecified structural or measurement model components: rationale of two-index strategy revisited. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 12(3):343–367.
[18] Fan, X., Thompson, B., and Wang, L. 1999. Effects of sample size, estimation methods, and model specification on structural equation modeling fit indexes. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1):56–83.
[19] Fan, Y., Chen, J., Shirkey, G., John, R., Wu, S.R., Park, H. and Shao, C. 2016. Applications of structural equation modeling (SEM) in ecological studies: an updated review. Ecological Processes, 5(19): 1-12. DOI 10.1186/s13717-016-0063-3
[20] Garcia, S.M., and Charles, A.T. 2008. Fishery systems and linkages: Implications for science and governance. Ocean and Coastal Management, 51: 505–527
[21] Hafasnuddin. 2017. Effect of the quality objects and brand image of tourism aspects on the tourism city’s image. The case of Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 8(24): 1616 -1628. DOI:10.14505/jemt.v8.8(24).18
[22] Hu, L.T., and Bentler, P.M. 1999. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1):1–55.
[23] MacCallum, R.C., and Hong, S. 1997. Power analysis in covariance structure modeling using GFI and AGFI. Multivariate Behav Res., 32(2):193–210. DOI: 10.1207/s15327906mbr3202_5.
[24] Manurung, K., and Mashuri. 2017. Implementing interest based instructional materials to mnmize efl learners’ speaking skills de-motivating factors. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 17(5): 356-365. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0705.05
[25] Marin, A., and Berkes, F. 2010. Network approach for understanding small-scale fisheries governance: The case of the Chilean coastal co-management system. Marine Policy, 34: 851–858.
[26] Muhardi., and Effendy. 2017. Cocoa farming patterns for sustainability of Indonesia Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP). Australian Journal of Crop Science, 11(08): 917-924. DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.17.11.08.pne34
[27] Rufendi, D. 2012. Merajut Konservasi dan Pembangunan di TN Kerinci Seblat. In Eghenter, C., Hermayani Putera, M., Ardiansyah, I. (eds.), Masyarakat dan Konservasi: 50 Kisah yang Menginspirasi dari WWF untuk Indonesia, (WWF-Indonesia, 2012): 10-11 pp.
[28] Ryu, E. 2011. Effects of skewness and kurtosis on normal-theory based maximum likelihood test statistic in multilevel structural equation modeling. Behav Res Methods, 43(4):1066–1074.
[29] Sasana, H., Da, H. and Muid, D. 2017. The strategy development of the region in support Borobudur tourism cluster competitiveness regions in Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 8(24): 1517-1528. DOI: 10.14505/jemt.v8.8(24).07
[30] Sekercioğlu, C.H. 2002. Impacts of birdwatching on human and avian communities. Environmental Conservation, 29(3): 282-289.
[31] Sharma, S., Mukherjee, S., Kumar, A., and Dillon, W.R. 2005. A simulation study to investigate the use of cutoff values for assessing model fit in covariance structure models. Journal of Business Research., 58(7):935–943.
[32] Sitorus, S.A. 2017. Marketing communication mix and innovation on customer retention and sustainable competitive advantages in culinary tourism business environment in the City of Medan. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 8(24): 1579-1590. DOI: 10.14505/jemt.v8.8(24).14
[33] Švecová, A., and Muchová, S. 2002. Present state of the country in Slovakia and perspectives of its development (in Slovak). In Proceedings of the 7th Scientific Conference, TU v Košiciach, Košice, 164–167 pp
Published
2019-06-03
How to Cite
MANURUNG, Konder et al.
The Development and Potential Evaluation of Indonesian Lore Lindu National Park Ecotourism in Relation to the Economic Growth of the Surrounding Community.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 2, p. 366-373, june 2019.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/3343>. Date accessed: 25 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v10.2(34).11.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.