Green Management in Hotels: A Supply-Side Analysis
Abstract
Tourism is one of the largest industries in the world and an important economic tool. However, it also has many negative effects on the environment. Hotels, as part of the tourism industry, have a significant impact on the environment and it is therefore imperative that they should take action to mitigate these impacts. This increased awareness and sensitivity demands from hotel managers to become “greener” in their daily work. The goal of the research was to examine managers’ perceptions of green management in hotels in South Africa and Zimbabwe and to establish how green management affects hotel performance. A qualitative research was carried out in eight hotels in the above-mentioned countries, employing the case-study approach. Some managers do not fully understand the concept of green management. To some extent, this indicates that there exists a gap between managers’ knowledge and what green management means. This implies that training should constitute a significant part of hotels’ activities so that hoteliers may consider green management in their daily operations. The results could help hotel managers in the identification of staff training needs so that they may have a clear understanding of green management, enabling them to participate fully in green management activities.References
[1] Alexander, S. 2002. Green Hotels Opportunities, pp. 9, Routledge Publishers.
[2] Alsos, G.A., Hytti, U., and Ljunggren, E. 2011. Stakeholder approach to technology incubators, International Journal of Entreprenurial Behaviour & Research, 17(6): 607-625. DOI: 10.1108/13552551111174693
[3] Alvarez, G.M.J., Burgos, J.J., and Cespedes, L.J.J. 2001. An analysis, of environmental management, organisational context and performance of Spanish hotels, The International Journal of Management Science, 29(1): 457- 471. DOI:10.1016/s0305-0483(01)00033-0
[4] Andereck, K.L. 2009. Tourists’ perceptions of environmentally responsible innovations at tourism businesses, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(4): 489-499. DOI:10.1080/09669580802495790
[5] Bansal, P. 2005. Evolving sustainability: A longitudinal study of corporate sustainable development, Strategic Management Journal, 26(3): 197-218. DOI:10.1002/smj.441
[6] Bohdanowicz, P. 2006. Environmental awareness and initiatives in the Swedish and Polish hotel industries-survey results, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 25(4): 662-682. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2005.06.006
[7] Bohdanowicz, P., Zientara, P., and Novatna, E. 2011. International hotel chains and environmental protection: an analysis of Hilton’s we care programme (Europe, 2006-2008), Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(7): 797-816. DOI:10.1080/09669582.2010.549566
[8] Brown, M. 1996. Environmental policy in the hotel sector “green” strategy or stratagem, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 8(30): 18-23. DOI:10.1108/09596119610115961
[9] Chan, W.W., and Ho, K. 2006. Hotels environmental management systems (ISO 14001): Creative financing strategy, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 18(4): 302-316. DOI: 10.1108/0959611061066531.
[10] Chen, H., and Hsieh, T. 2011. An environmental performance assessment of the hotel industry using an ecological footprint, Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 2(1): 1-11. DOI:2141-6575/2011
[11] Chen, V.C., and Chen Y.T. 2012. The advantages of green management for hotel competitiveness of green management for hotel competitiveness in Taiwan: In the viewpoint of senior hotel managers, Journal of Management and Sustainability, 2(2): 211-218. DOI: 10.5539/jms.v2n2p211
[12] Cooper, C. et al. 2005. Tourism Principles & Practice, pp. 810, Mateu-Cromoartesgraphicas.
[13] Creswell, J.W. 2009. Research Design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (2nd Edition), London, Sage Publications/International Educational and Professional Publisher.
[14] Dondo, C. H., Bhunu, S.T., and Rivett, U. 2002. GIS in Tourism – A Zimbabwe Perspective, 34(6): 197-200.
[15] Fukey, L.N., and Issac, S.S. 2014. Connect among Green, Sustainability and Hotel Industry: A Prospective Simulation Study, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 8(1): 298-312. DOI: /1999.23/4706
[16] Glanzrock, P. 1995. Green hotels cut waste and woo guests. Facilities Design and Management, 14(1): 33.
[17] Göossling, S. et al. 2005. The eco-efficiency of tourism, Ecological Economics, 54(15): 417-434. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.10.006
[18] Graci, S., and Dodds, R. 2008. Why go green? The business case for environmental commitment in the Canadian hotel industry, An International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Research, 19(2): 251-270. DOI:10.1080/13032917.2008.9687072
[19] Haden, S.S., Oyler, T.D., and Humphreys, J.H. 2009. Historical, practical and theoretical perspective on green management: An exploratory analysis, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 4(7): 1041-1055. DOI: 10.1108/00251740910978287
[20] Han, H., HSU, J., and Sheu, C. 2010. Application of the theory of planned behavior to green hotel choice: Testing the effect of environmental friendly activities, Tourism Management, 31(3): 325-334. DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2009.03.013
[21] Hsieh, Y. 2012. Hotel companies’ environmental policies & practices: A content analysis of web pages, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 24(1): 97-121. DOI: 10.1108/095961112
[22] Hsu, J., and Sheu, C. 2009. Application of the theory of planned behaviour to green hotel choice: Testing, the effect of environmental friendly activities, Tourism Management, 31(3): 345-334. DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2009.03.013
[23] Jackson, L.A. 2010. Toward a framework for the components of a green lodging, Journal of Retail & Leisure Property, 9(3): 211-230.
[24] Kim, Y.J., Palakuthi, R., and Hancer, M. 2012. The environmentally friendly programmes in hotels and customers’ intention to stay: An online survey approach, International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 13(3): 195-124. DOI:10.1080/15256480.2012.698169
[25] Kirk, D. 1995. Environmental management in hotels, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 7(6): 3-8. DOI:10.1108/095961112
[26] Knowles, T. et al. 1999. The Development of Environmental Initiatives in Tourism: Responses from the London Hotel Sector. Luton, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[27] Lee, J.S., Hsu, L.T., Han, H., and Kim, Y. 2010. Understanding how consumers view green hotels: How a hotel’ green image can influence behavioural intentions, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(7): 901-914. DOI:10.1080/09669581003777747
[28] Manaktola, K., and Jauhari, V. 2007. Exploring consumer attitude and behaviour towards green practices in the lodging industry in India, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 19(5): 364–377. DOI:10.1108/09596110710757534
[29] Maphosa, F. 1997. Corporate social responsibility in Zimbabwe: A content analysis of mission statements and annual reports, Zambezia, XX1V(ii): 180-193. DOI: 123456789/11278by-nc-nd/3.0/
[30] Mensah, I. 2004. Environmental management practices in US hotel. Hotel online Special Report, 1-5. http://www.hotel-online.com/News/PR2004_2nd/May04_EnvironmentalPractices.html (accessed January 20, 2016)
[31] Millar, M., Mayer, K.J., and Baloglu, S. 2012. Importance of green hotel attributes to business and leisure travellers, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 21(4): 395-413. DOI:10.1080/19368623.2012.624294
[32] Moreo, A. 2008. Green Consumption in hotel Industry an examination of consumer attitudes, pp. 66, MA thesis, University of Delaware.
[33] Mungai, M., and Urungu, R. 2013. An assessment of management commitment to application of green practices in 4-5 star hotels in Mombasa, Kenya, Information and Knowledge Management, 3(6): 40-47. DOI:10.1108/13673270710832127
[34] Nhapi, I., Gijzen, H.J. (2005). A 3 Step Strategic approach to sustainable waste water management, Water SA, 31(1): 133-140. DOI:10.4314/wsa.v31i1.5130
[35] Ottenbacher, M., Harrington, R., Parsa, H. (2009). Defining the hospitality discipline: A discussion of pedagogical & Research Implications, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 33(3): 263-283. DOI: 10.1177/1096348009338675
[36] Pigram, J. 1995. Resource constraints of tourism: water resources and sustainability. In Butler R., Pearce D.G. (Eds.), Changes in Tourism; People, Places, Processes, pp. 208-228, Routledge London and New York.
[37] Robbins, T. 2001. Greening the Corporation: Management Strategy and the Environmental Challenge, Earthscan Publications Ltd.
[38] Rogerson, J. M., and Sims, S. R. 2012. The greening of urban hotels in South Africa: Evidence from Gauteng, Urban forum, 23(3): 391-407. DOI:10.1007/s12132-012-9160-2
[39] Sharma, S., and Henriques, I. 2005. Stakeholder influences on sustainability practices in the Canadian forest products industry, Strategic Management Journal, 26(2): 159-180. DOI:10.1002/smj.439
[40] Shieh, H.S. 2012. The greener the more cost efficient? An empirical study of international tourist hotels in Taiwan, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 19(6): 536-545. DOI:10.1080/13504509.2012.741627
[41] Spenceley, A. 2005. Tourism certification initiatives in Africa: A report to the international ecotourism society. Vits University, 1-16. www.anna.spencely.co.uk (accessed May 9, 2006)
[42] Stoner, J.R.F., Freeman, R.E., and Gilbert, P.A. 2005. Icon Legend: Issues for the 90s and beyond.
[43] Taylor, B., Hutchison, C., Pollack S., and Tapper, R. 1994. The Environmental Management Handbook, Pitman.
[44] Timothy, D.J., and Teye, V.B. 2009. Tourism & lodging sector UK-Oxford Elsevier INC, Tourism, 2(1): 1-11. DOI: 9781136433993/485689
[45] Tzscehentke, N., Kirk, D., and lynch, A. 2008. Going green: Decisional factors in small hospitality operators, International Journal of Hospitality Management, (27): 126-133. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2007.07.010
[46] Van der Merwe, M., and Wocke, A. 2007. An investigation into responsible tourism practices in South African hotel industry, South African Journal of Business Management, 38(1): 1-17. DOI: 10.3390/economies4020010
[47] Zengeni, N., Zengeni, D.M.F., and Muzambi, S. 2013. Hoteliers’ perceptions of the impacts of green tourism on hotel operating costs in Zimbabwe. The case of selected Harare hotels, Australian, Journal of Business and Management Research, 2(11): 64-73. DOI: 1839–0846
[48] Ziegler, A., and Nogareda, J.S. 2009. Environmental management systems and technological environmental innovations: Exploring the causal relationship, Research Policy, 38(5): 885–893. DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2009.01.020
*** World metrological organisation WMO. 2012. Greenhouse gas bulletin. Global Atmosphere Watch, 8(19):1-4. DOI:2078-0796
[2] Alsos, G.A., Hytti, U., and Ljunggren, E. 2011. Stakeholder approach to technology incubators, International Journal of Entreprenurial Behaviour & Research, 17(6): 607-625. DOI: 10.1108/13552551111174693
[3] Alvarez, G.M.J., Burgos, J.J., and Cespedes, L.J.J. 2001. An analysis, of environmental management, organisational context and performance of Spanish hotels, The International Journal of Management Science, 29(1): 457- 471. DOI:10.1016/s0305-0483(01)00033-0
[4] Andereck, K.L. 2009. Tourists’ perceptions of environmentally responsible innovations at tourism businesses, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(4): 489-499. DOI:10.1080/09669580802495790
[5] Bansal, P. 2005. Evolving sustainability: A longitudinal study of corporate sustainable development, Strategic Management Journal, 26(3): 197-218. DOI:10.1002/smj.441
[6] Bohdanowicz, P. 2006. Environmental awareness and initiatives in the Swedish and Polish hotel industries-survey results, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 25(4): 662-682. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2005.06.006
[7] Bohdanowicz, P., Zientara, P., and Novatna, E. 2011. International hotel chains and environmental protection: an analysis of Hilton’s we care programme (Europe, 2006-2008), Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(7): 797-816. DOI:10.1080/09669582.2010.549566
[8] Brown, M. 1996. Environmental policy in the hotel sector “green” strategy or stratagem, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 8(30): 18-23. DOI:10.1108/09596119610115961
[9] Chan, W.W., and Ho, K. 2006. Hotels environmental management systems (ISO 14001): Creative financing strategy, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 18(4): 302-316. DOI: 10.1108/0959611061066531.
[10] Chen, H., and Hsieh, T. 2011. An environmental performance assessment of the hotel industry using an ecological footprint, Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 2(1): 1-11. DOI:2141-6575/2011
[11] Chen, V.C., and Chen Y.T. 2012. The advantages of green management for hotel competitiveness of green management for hotel competitiveness in Taiwan: In the viewpoint of senior hotel managers, Journal of Management and Sustainability, 2(2): 211-218. DOI: 10.5539/jms.v2n2p211
[12] Cooper, C. et al. 2005. Tourism Principles & Practice, pp. 810, Mateu-Cromoartesgraphicas.
[13] Creswell, J.W. 2009. Research Design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (2nd Edition), London, Sage Publications/International Educational and Professional Publisher.
[14] Dondo, C. H., Bhunu, S.T., and Rivett, U. 2002. GIS in Tourism – A Zimbabwe Perspective, 34(6): 197-200.
[15] Fukey, L.N., and Issac, S.S. 2014. Connect among Green, Sustainability and Hotel Industry: A Prospective Simulation Study, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 8(1): 298-312. DOI: /1999.23/4706
[16] Glanzrock, P. 1995. Green hotels cut waste and woo guests. Facilities Design and Management, 14(1): 33.
[17] Göossling, S. et al. 2005. The eco-efficiency of tourism, Ecological Economics, 54(15): 417-434. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.10.006
[18] Graci, S., and Dodds, R. 2008. Why go green? The business case for environmental commitment in the Canadian hotel industry, An International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Research, 19(2): 251-270. DOI:10.1080/13032917.2008.9687072
[19] Haden, S.S., Oyler, T.D., and Humphreys, J.H. 2009. Historical, practical and theoretical perspective on green management: An exploratory analysis, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 4(7): 1041-1055. DOI: 10.1108/00251740910978287
[20] Han, H., HSU, J., and Sheu, C. 2010. Application of the theory of planned behavior to green hotel choice: Testing the effect of environmental friendly activities, Tourism Management, 31(3): 325-334. DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2009.03.013
[21] Hsieh, Y. 2012. Hotel companies’ environmental policies & practices: A content analysis of web pages, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 24(1): 97-121. DOI: 10.1108/095961112
[22] Hsu, J., and Sheu, C. 2009. Application of the theory of planned behaviour to green hotel choice: Testing, the effect of environmental friendly activities, Tourism Management, 31(3): 345-334. DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2009.03.013
[23] Jackson, L.A. 2010. Toward a framework for the components of a green lodging, Journal of Retail & Leisure Property, 9(3): 211-230.
[24] Kim, Y.J., Palakuthi, R., and Hancer, M. 2012. The environmentally friendly programmes in hotels and customers’ intention to stay: An online survey approach, International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 13(3): 195-124. DOI:10.1080/15256480.2012.698169
[25] Kirk, D. 1995. Environmental management in hotels, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 7(6): 3-8. DOI:10.1108/095961112
[26] Knowles, T. et al. 1999. The Development of Environmental Initiatives in Tourism: Responses from the London Hotel Sector. Luton, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[27] Lee, J.S., Hsu, L.T., Han, H., and Kim, Y. 2010. Understanding how consumers view green hotels: How a hotel’ green image can influence behavioural intentions, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(7): 901-914. DOI:10.1080/09669581003777747
[28] Manaktola, K., and Jauhari, V. 2007. Exploring consumer attitude and behaviour towards green practices in the lodging industry in India, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 19(5): 364–377. DOI:10.1108/09596110710757534
[29] Maphosa, F. 1997. Corporate social responsibility in Zimbabwe: A content analysis of mission statements and annual reports, Zambezia, XX1V(ii): 180-193. DOI: 123456789/11278by-nc-nd/3.0/
[30] Mensah, I. 2004. Environmental management practices in US hotel. Hotel online Special Report, 1-5. http://www.hotel-online.com/News/PR2004_2nd/May04_EnvironmentalPractices.html (accessed January 20, 2016)
[31] Millar, M., Mayer, K.J., and Baloglu, S. 2012. Importance of green hotel attributes to business and leisure travellers, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 21(4): 395-413. DOI:10.1080/19368623.2012.624294
[32] Moreo, A. 2008. Green Consumption in hotel Industry an examination of consumer attitudes, pp. 66, MA thesis, University of Delaware.
[33] Mungai, M., and Urungu, R. 2013. An assessment of management commitment to application of green practices in 4-5 star hotels in Mombasa, Kenya, Information and Knowledge Management, 3(6): 40-47. DOI:10.1108/13673270710832127
[34] Nhapi, I., Gijzen, H.J. (2005). A 3 Step Strategic approach to sustainable waste water management, Water SA, 31(1): 133-140. DOI:10.4314/wsa.v31i1.5130
[35] Ottenbacher, M., Harrington, R., Parsa, H. (2009). Defining the hospitality discipline: A discussion of pedagogical & Research Implications, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 33(3): 263-283. DOI: 10.1177/1096348009338675
[36] Pigram, J. 1995. Resource constraints of tourism: water resources and sustainability. In Butler R., Pearce D.G. (Eds.), Changes in Tourism; People, Places, Processes, pp. 208-228, Routledge London and New York.
[37] Robbins, T. 2001. Greening the Corporation: Management Strategy and the Environmental Challenge, Earthscan Publications Ltd.
[38] Rogerson, J. M., and Sims, S. R. 2012. The greening of urban hotels in South Africa: Evidence from Gauteng, Urban forum, 23(3): 391-407. DOI:10.1007/s12132-012-9160-2
[39] Sharma, S., and Henriques, I. 2005. Stakeholder influences on sustainability practices in the Canadian forest products industry, Strategic Management Journal, 26(2): 159-180. DOI:10.1002/smj.439
[40] Shieh, H.S. 2012. The greener the more cost efficient? An empirical study of international tourist hotels in Taiwan, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 19(6): 536-545. DOI:10.1080/13504509.2012.741627
[41] Spenceley, A. 2005. Tourism certification initiatives in Africa: A report to the international ecotourism society. Vits University, 1-16. www.anna.spencely.co.uk (accessed May 9, 2006)
[42] Stoner, J.R.F., Freeman, R.E., and Gilbert, P.A. 2005. Icon Legend: Issues for the 90s and beyond.
[43] Taylor, B., Hutchison, C., Pollack S., and Tapper, R. 1994. The Environmental Management Handbook, Pitman.
[44] Timothy, D.J., and Teye, V.B. 2009. Tourism & lodging sector UK-Oxford Elsevier INC, Tourism, 2(1): 1-11. DOI: 9781136433993/485689
[45] Tzscehentke, N., Kirk, D., and lynch, A. 2008. Going green: Decisional factors in small hospitality operators, International Journal of Hospitality Management, (27): 126-133. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2007.07.010
[46] Van der Merwe, M., and Wocke, A. 2007. An investigation into responsible tourism practices in South African hotel industry, South African Journal of Business Management, 38(1): 1-17. DOI: 10.3390/economies4020010
[47] Zengeni, N., Zengeni, D.M.F., and Muzambi, S. 2013. Hoteliers’ perceptions of the impacts of green tourism on hotel operating costs in Zimbabwe. The case of selected Harare hotels, Australian, Journal of Business and Management Research, 2(11): 64-73. DOI: 1839–0846
[48] Ziegler, A., and Nogareda, J.S. 2009. Environmental management systems and technological environmental innovations: Exploring the causal relationship, Research Policy, 38(5): 885–893. DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2009.01.020
*** World metrological organisation WMO. 2012. Greenhouse gas bulletin. Global Atmosphere Watch, 8(19):1-4. DOI:2078-0796
Published
2016-11-14
How to Cite
MBASERA, Miriam et al.
Green Management in Hotels: A Supply-Side Analysis.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 2, p. 205-215, nov. 2016.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/326>. Date accessed: 05 nov. 2024.
Section
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism
Keywords
Hotels; green management; environmentally friendly; South Africa; Zimbabwe
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.