The Impact of Megaprojects on Branding Ethiopia as an Appealing Tourist Destination
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of megaprojects on a destination branding and then proceeds to examine cognitive, affective and unique image and their significance as perceived by tourists. A multi stage sample of 400 external publics was surveyed. Factor analysis together with SEM is used and tested whether and how much the influencing factors predicted a significant amount of the variance in travel. The result shows Megaprojects have largest significant effect on cognitive, affective and unique image development. And there is a strong relationship between mega infrastructural facilities development and perceived destination image.
References
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[2] Aaker, D.A. 2012. Building strong brands. Simon and Schuster.
[3] Aaltonen, K. and Jaakko, K. 2010. A project lifecycle perspective on stakeholder influence strategies in global projects. Scandinavian journal of management 26(4): 381-397.
[4] Aaltonen, K. and Jaakko, K. 2010. A project lifecycle perspective on stakeholder influence strategies in global projects. Scandinavian journal of management 26(4): 381-397.
[5] Assaker, G., Vinzi, V. E. and O’Connor, P. 2011. Examining the effect of novelty seeking, satisfaction, and destination image on tourists’ return pattern: A two factor, non-linear latent growth model. Tourism management 32(4): 890-901.
[6] Baloglu, Seyhmus and McCleary, K. 1999. A model of destination image formation. Annals of tourism research 26(4): 868-897.
[7] Blomkvist, C., Johansson, M. and Lindeberg, A. 2012. Understanding the relationship between Brand identity and Brand image: A case study of Coop.
[8] Bollen, K.A. 1989. A new incremental fit index for general structural equation models. Sociological Methods & Research 17(3): 303-316.
[9] Byrne, B.M. 2001. Structural equation modeling with AMOS, EQS, and LISREL: Comparative approaches to testing for the factorial validity of a measuring instrument. International journal of testing 1(1): 55-86
[10] Chen, C.-F. and Sambath Phou. 2013. A closer look at destination: Image, personality, relationship and loyalty. Tourism management 36: 269-278.
[11] Chen, Ni. 2012. Branding national images: The 2008 Beijing summer olympics, 2010 Shanghai World Expo, and 2010 Guangzhou asian games. Public Relations Review 38(5): 731-745.
[12] Cheng-Hsui Chen, Arthur. 2001. Using free association to examine the relationship between the characteristics of brand associations and brand equity. Journal of product & brand management 10(7): 439-451.
[13] Chi, C. Geng-Qing and Hailin Qu. 2008. Examining the structural relationships of destination image, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: An integrated approach. Tourism management 29(4): 624-636.
[14] Dyer, P., Dogan Gursoy, Bishnu, S. and Carter, J. 2007. Structural modeling of resident perceptions of tourism and associated development on the Sunshine Coast, Australia. Tourism management 28(2): 409-422.
[15] Echtner, C.M. and Ritchie, B. 1993. The measurement of destination image: An empirical assessment. Journal of travel research 31(4): 3-13.
[16] Ekinci, Yuksel, Ercan Sirakaya-Turk and Preciado, S. 2013. Symbolic consumption of tourism destination brands. Journal of Business Research 66(6): 711-718
[17] Esch, F.-R., Langner, T., Schmitt, B.H. and Geus, P. 2006. Are brands forever? How brand knowledge and relationships affect current and future purchases. Journal of Product & Brand Management 15(2): 98-105.
[18] Farrell, A.M. and Rudd, J.M. 2009. Factor analysis and discriminant validity: A brief review of some practical issues. Anzmac.
[19] Florek, M., Insch, A. and Gnoth, J. 2006. City council websites as a means of place brand identity communication. Place Branding 2(4): 276-296.
[20] Flyvbjerg, B. 2014. What you should know about megaprojects and why: An overview. Project management journal 45(2): 6-19.
[21] Gallarza, M.G., Saura, I.G. and Garcı́a, H.C. 2002. Destination image: Towards a conceptual framework. Annals of tourism research 29(1): 56-78.
[22] Geuens, M., Weijters, B. and De Wulf, K. 2009. A new measure of brand personality. International Journal of Research in Marketing 26(2): 97-107.
[23] Ghodeswar, B.M. 2008. Building brand identity in competitive markets: a conceptual model. Journal of product & brand management 17(1): 4-12.
[24] Hanyu, K. 1993. The affective meaning of Tokyo: Verbal and non-verbal approaches." Journal of Environmental psychology 13(2): 161-172.
[25] Hosany, S., Ekinci, Y. and Uysal, M. 2006. Destination image and destination personality: An application of branding theories to tourism places. Journal of business research 59(5): 638-642.
[26] Hutter, K., Hautz, J., Dennhardt, S. and Füller, J. 2013. The impact of user interactions in social media on brand awareness and purchase intention: the case of MINI on Facebook. Journal of Product & Brand Management 22(5/6): 342-351.
[27] Kapferer, J.-N. and Valette-Florence, P. 2016. Beyond rarity: the paths of luxury desire. How luxury brands grow yet remain desirable. Journal of Product & Brand Management 25(2): 120-133.
[28] Keller, K.L., Parameswaran, M.G. and Jacob, I. 2011. Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity. Pearson Education India.
[29] Keller, K.L. 1993. Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. the Journal of Marketing: 1-22.
[30] Khondkar, M., Koushik Prashad Pathak, and Adiba Anis. 2012. Success Factors of Place Marketing: A Study on Vinnya Jagat. Journal of Business 33(1).
[31] Kim, Hyounggon and Richardson, S.L. 2003. Motion picture impacts on destination images. Annals of tourism research 30(1): 216-237.
[32] Komppula, R. 2014. The role of individual entrepreneurs in the development of competitiveness for a rural tourism destination–A case study. Tourism Management 4: 361-371.
[33] Konecnik, M. and Gartner, W.C. 2007. Customer-based brand equity for a destination. Annals of tourism research 34(2): 400-421.
[34] Lopes, S. and Ferreira, D. 2011. Destination image: Origins, developments and implications. Revista de turismo y patrimonio cultural 9(2): 305-315.
[35] Mok, K.Y., Shen, G. and Yang, J. 2015.Stakeholder management studies in mega construction projects: A review and future directions. International Journal of Project Management 33(2): 446-457.
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[37] Nandan, S. 2005. An exploration of the brand identity–brand image linkage: A communications perspective. Journal of brand management 12(4): 264-278
[38] Nye Jr, Joseph S. 2004. Soft power: The means to success in world politics. Public affairs.
[39] O’Neill, M.A. and McKenna, M.A. 1994. Northern Ireland tourism: A quality perspective. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal 4(2): 31-35.
[40] Orueta, F.D. and Fainstein, S.S. 2008. The new mega‐projects: genesis and impacts. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 32(4): 759-767.
[41] Pappu, R., Quester, P.G. and Cooksey, R.W. 2005. Consumer-based brand equity: improving the measurement–empirical evidence. Journal of Product & Brand Management 14(3): 143-154.
[42] Pike, S. 2009.Destination brand positions of a competitive set of near-home destinations. Tourism management 30(6): 857-866.
[43] Qu, H., Hyunjung Kim, L. and Hyunjung Im, H. 2011. A model of destination branding: Integrating the concepts of the branding and destination image. Tourism management 32(3): 465-476.
[44] Reza Jalilvand, M. and Samiei, N. 2012. The effect of electronic word of mouth on brand image and purchase intention: An empirical study in the automobile industry in Iran. Marketing Intelligence & Planning 30(4): 460-476.
[45] Roy, D. and Banerjee, S. 2008. CARE-ing strategy for integration of brand identity with brand image. International journal of commerce and management 17(1/2): 140-148.
[46] Ruão, T., Marinho, S., Balonas, S., Duarte Melo, A. and Lopes, A.I. 2016. Brand Management at a Local Scale: A Case of ‘Ghost Awareness’. Corporate Reputation Review 19(2): 179-193.
[47] Tasci, A.D. and Kozak, M. 2006. Destination brands vs destination images: Do we know what we mean?. Journal of vacation marketing 12(4): 299-317.
[48] Tasci, A.D. and Gartner, W.C. 2007. Destination image and its functional relationships. Journal of travel research 45(4): 413-425.
[49] Walmsley, D.J. and Jenkins, J.M. 1993. Appraisive images of tourist areas: application of personal constructs. The Australian Geographer 24(2): 1-13.
[50] Yerdelen-Damar, S., Elby, A. and Eryilmaz, A. 2012. Applying beliefs and resources frameworks to the psychometric analyses of an epistemology survey. Physical Review Special Topics-Physics Education Research 8(1).
Published
2019-04-15
How to Cite
GIRMA, Mulugeta; SINGH, Manjit.
The Impact of Megaprojects on Branding Ethiopia as an Appealing Tourist Destination.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 8, p. 1733-1744, apr. 2019.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/3118>. Date accessed: 27 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.8(32).12.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.