The Relationship between Environmental Quality, Gross Domestic Product, Energy, Credit and Trade in Iran
Abstract
Economic growth requires a greater use of energy and raw materials which in turn results in a higher level of environmental destruction and degradation of the environment. Almost all human economic activities, directly or indirectly affect the ecological system of the environment, extraction, production, transportation and consumption can all contribute to the degradation process of the environment increasing human activities on the ecological system in development in turn results in an expanding ecological imbalance This study tries to evaluate the effect of economic indicators GDP, consumption, trade and private sector credit quality of the environment in Iran from 1980 to 2014 using Bayesian causal map (BCM) in four scenarios. Examination of different impact levels for each of the four different stages. For a thorough analysis of carbon dioxide emissions led to a result indicating putting the blame on trade and commerce first and foremost, followed by private sector credit, energy consumption and finally the GDP. Furthermore, the results suggest that a drastic change in the four mentioned degrading factors may indeed result in less emission of carbon monoxide.References
[1] Ang, J.B. (2007). CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, and Output in France, Journal of Energy Policy, 35: 477- 482.
[2] Becker, R.A., Pasurka, C. and Shadbegian, R.J. (2013). Do environmental regulations disproportionately affect small businesses? Evidence from the Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures survey, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 66: 523–538.
[3] Carley, K. and Palmquist, M. (1992). Extracting, representing and analyzing mental models, Social Forces, 70: 601−636.
[4] Chaibib, A., Arouri, M., Uddin, G.S., Chakraborty, S. and Foulquer, P. (2013). Business Activity and Environmental Degradation in Mexico, Working Paper, IPAG Business School, France.
[5] Eden, C., Ackermann, F. and Cropper, S. (1992). The Analysis of Cause Maps, Journal of Management Studies, 29: 309−323.
[6] Emil, G. and Emil, M. (2014). Economic growth and the environment: reassessing the environmental Kuznets Curve for air pollution emissions in OECD countries, Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, 8: 29-47.
[7] Eslamloueyan, K., Harati, J. and Astadzad, A.H. (2013). The relationship between the dynamics of pollution within a pattern of growth: environmental hypothesis Kuznets for the economy, Journal of Energy Economics, 7: 197-171.
[8] Halicioglu, F. (2009). An econometric study of CO2 emissions, energy consumption, income and foreign trade in Turkey, Journal of Policy, 37: 1156–1164.
[9] Heckerman, D. (1996). Bayesian networks for data mining, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 1: 79−119.
[10] Mitchell, T.M. (1997). Machine Learning. McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math Publishing.
[11] Mohammadi, H., Sakhi, F. (2013). The impact of trade, investment and human development index of environmental performance, Journal of macro strategies, 1: 75-55.
[12] Nadkarni, S. and Shenoy, P.P. (2001). A Bayesian Network Approach to Making Inferences in Causal Maps, European Journal of Operational Research, 128: 21-40.
[13] Nadkarni, S. and Shenoy, P.P. (2000). A Causal Mapping Approach to Constructing Bayesian Networks, School of Business, Working paper, 289: 1-30.
[14] Ozturk, I. and Acaravci, A. (2013). The Long Run and Causal Analysis of Energy, Growth, Openness and Financial Development on Carbon Emissions in Turkey, Journal of Energy Economics, 36: 262-267.
[15] Pajooyan, J. and Lashkari, M. (2010). Review of the factors influencing the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality, Journal of Economic Research, 42: 188-169.
[16] Pao, H.T. and Tsai, C.M. (2011). Multivariate Granger Causality between CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, FDI and GDP: Evidence from a Panel of BRIC (Brazil, Russian Federation, India and China) Countries, Journal of Energy, 36: 685-693.
[17] Pearl, J. (1988). Probabilistic reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco.
[18] Piaggio, M. and Padilla, E. (2012). CO2 emissions and economic activity: Heterogeneity across countries and non-stationary series, Energy policy, 46: 370-381.
[19] Sadeghi, S.K. and Ebrahimi, S. (2013). The impact of financial development, GDP and energy consumption, environmental pollution in Iran, Iranian Journal of Energy Economics, 7: 73-43.
[20] Shahbaz, M., Hye, Q.M.A., Tiwari, A.K. and Leitao, N.C.(2013). Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, Financial Development, International Trade and CO2 Emissions in Indonesia, Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25:109-121.
[21] Soytas, U., Sari, R. and Ewing, B.T. (2007). Energy Consumption, Income, and Carbon Emissions in the United States, Journal of Ecological Economics, 62: 482-489.
[22] Stephenson, T.A. (2000). An Introduction to Bayesian Networks Theory and Usage, IDIAP Research Report 00-03.
[23] Tol, S.J.W., Pacala, R. and Socolow, S.R. (2006). Understanding Long Term Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the USA, Journal of Homburg University, 52: 240-248.
[2] Becker, R.A., Pasurka, C. and Shadbegian, R.J. (2013). Do environmental regulations disproportionately affect small businesses? Evidence from the Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures survey, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 66: 523–538.
[3] Carley, K. and Palmquist, M. (1992). Extracting, representing and analyzing mental models, Social Forces, 70: 601−636.
[4] Chaibib, A., Arouri, M., Uddin, G.S., Chakraborty, S. and Foulquer, P. (2013). Business Activity and Environmental Degradation in Mexico, Working Paper, IPAG Business School, France.
[5] Eden, C., Ackermann, F. and Cropper, S. (1992). The Analysis of Cause Maps, Journal of Management Studies, 29: 309−323.
[6] Emil, G. and Emil, M. (2014). Economic growth and the environment: reassessing the environmental Kuznets Curve for air pollution emissions in OECD countries, Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, 8: 29-47.
[7] Eslamloueyan, K., Harati, J. and Astadzad, A.H. (2013). The relationship between the dynamics of pollution within a pattern of growth: environmental hypothesis Kuznets for the economy, Journal of Energy Economics, 7: 197-171.
[8] Halicioglu, F. (2009). An econometric study of CO2 emissions, energy consumption, income and foreign trade in Turkey, Journal of Policy, 37: 1156–1164.
[9] Heckerman, D. (1996). Bayesian networks for data mining, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 1: 79−119.
[10] Mitchell, T.M. (1997). Machine Learning. McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math Publishing.
[11] Mohammadi, H., Sakhi, F. (2013). The impact of trade, investment and human development index of environmental performance, Journal of macro strategies, 1: 75-55.
[12] Nadkarni, S. and Shenoy, P.P. (2001). A Bayesian Network Approach to Making Inferences in Causal Maps, European Journal of Operational Research, 128: 21-40.
[13] Nadkarni, S. and Shenoy, P.P. (2000). A Causal Mapping Approach to Constructing Bayesian Networks, School of Business, Working paper, 289: 1-30.
[14] Ozturk, I. and Acaravci, A. (2013). The Long Run and Causal Analysis of Energy, Growth, Openness and Financial Development on Carbon Emissions in Turkey, Journal of Energy Economics, 36: 262-267.
[15] Pajooyan, J. and Lashkari, M. (2010). Review of the factors influencing the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality, Journal of Economic Research, 42: 188-169.
[16] Pao, H.T. and Tsai, C.M. (2011). Multivariate Granger Causality between CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, FDI and GDP: Evidence from a Panel of BRIC (Brazil, Russian Federation, India and China) Countries, Journal of Energy, 36: 685-693.
[17] Pearl, J. (1988). Probabilistic reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco.
[18] Piaggio, M. and Padilla, E. (2012). CO2 emissions and economic activity: Heterogeneity across countries and non-stationary series, Energy policy, 46: 370-381.
[19] Sadeghi, S.K. and Ebrahimi, S. (2013). The impact of financial development, GDP and energy consumption, environmental pollution in Iran, Iranian Journal of Energy Economics, 7: 73-43.
[20] Shahbaz, M., Hye, Q.M.A., Tiwari, A.K. and Leitao, N.C.(2013). Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, Financial Development, International Trade and CO2 Emissions in Indonesia, Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25:109-121.
[21] Soytas, U., Sari, R. and Ewing, B.T. (2007). Energy Consumption, Income, and Carbon Emissions in the United States, Journal of Ecological Economics, 62: 482-489.
[22] Stephenson, T.A. (2000). An Introduction to Bayesian Networks Theory and Usage, IDIAP Research Report 00-03.
[23] Tol, S.J.W., Pacala, R. and Socolow, S.R. (2006). Understanding Long Term Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the USA, Journal of Homburg University, 52: 240-248.
Published
2016-10-26
How to Cite
ABBASIAN, Mojtaba et al.
The Relationship between Environmental Quality, Gross Domestic Product, Energy, Credit and Trade in Iran.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 1, p. 33-45, oct. 2016.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/303>. Date accessed: 25 apr. 2024.
Section
Article
Keywords
BCM; GDP; Trade; CO2; Credit; Energy
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.