Agricultural Production in Rural Communities: Evidence from Nigeria
Abstract
This study examines the implication of economic and socioeconomic factors on agricultural output in rural communities of Nigeria. The analyses were carried out in two models using descriptive statistics and least square estimation technique. The first model was specified for four major crops; the second model was the extended form on the aggregated output. Evidence from both the first and extended models showed that the socioeconomic factors are important as the economic factors to promote agricultural output in the rural area. In the first model, capital, fertilizer, and chemicals were insignificant while family labour, hired labour and family size are significant. The elasticity values for all the variables are less than one. This implies that, response of outputs in the four crops to each of the variable is less responsive. Also, all the factors are significant in explaining the response of the output of the crops to inputs in model one. The extended model showed that socioeconomic factors such as sex, age, educational and farming experience have significant effect on the aggregated output. Based on the findings, needs to increase access to farm inputs; extension education and financial support to rural famers among others were recommended.
References
[1] Abbas, T., Ali, G., Adil, S.A., Bashir, M.K. and Kamran, M.A. 2017. Economic analysis of biogas adoption technology by rural farmers: The case of Faisalabad district in Pakistan. Renewable Energy 107: 431 -439.
[2] Adesina, A.A. and Baidu-Forson, J. 1995. Farmers' perceptions and adoption of new agricultural technology: Evidence from analysis in Burkina Faso and Guinea, West Africa. Agricultural economics, 13(1):1-9.
[3] Adesina, A.A. 2012. CBN Annual Lecture held in Lagos Nigeria. Central Bank of Nigeria, November 15, 2012
[4] Ameur, F., Kuper, M., Lejars, C., and Dugue, P. 2017. Prosper, survive or exit: Contrasted fortunes of farmers in the groundwater economy in the Saiss plain (Morocco), Agricultural Water Management, 191: 207–217.
[5] Archer, M. 1995. Realist Social Theory: The Morphogenetic Approach, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511557675
[6] Archer, M. 1998. Realism and morphogenesis, in Archer, M., Bhaskar, R., Collier, A., Lawson, T., and Norrie, A. (eds), Critical Realism: Essential Readings, London, Roudedge.
[7] Archer, M. 2003. Structure, Agency and the Internal Conversation, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://www.journaldumauss.net/IMG/article_PDF/article_362.pdf
[8] Asaleye, A.J., Okodua, H., Oloni, E.F., and Ogunjobi, J.O. 2017. Trade Openness and Employment: Evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, Volume XII, Summer, 4(50): 1194-1209.
[9] Asaleye, A.J., Olurinola, I., Oloni, E.F., Ogunjobi, O. 2017. Productivity growth, wages and employment nexus: Evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, Volume XII, Fall 5(51): 1362–1376.
[10] Ayal D.V., and Filho W. L. 2017. Farmers' perceptions of climate variability and its adverse impacts on crop and livestock production in Ethiopia, Journal of Arid Environments, 140: 20 – 28. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.01.007
[11] Baidu-Forson J .1999. Factors influencing adoption of land-enhancing technology in the Sahel: Lessons from a case study in Niger. Agricultural Economics, 20(3): 231-239.
[12] Blaug, M. 1998. The Disease of Formalism in Economics, or Bad Games That Economics Play, Heft 16, Lectiones Jenenses, Jena 1998.
[13] Bortamuly, A.B, and Goswami, K. 2015. Determinants of the adoption of modern technology in the handloom industry in Assam, Technological Forecasting and Social Change; 90: Part B(0):400-409.
[14] Chen, H., Zhao, L., and Zhao, Z. 2017. Influencing factors of farmers’ willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads: A survey in Zhejiang, China, Land Use Policy 68: 524–530.
[15] Debreu, G. 1974. Excess Demand Functions, Journal of Mathematical Economics, 1: 15–23.
[16] Economic Recovery and Growth Plan 2017 -2020. Federal Republic of Nigeria, Ministry of Budget and National Planning, February, 2017
[17] Fleetwood S. 2011. Sketching a socio-economic model of labour markets. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 35(1): 15-38. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/24232037
[18] Green, W. 1993. Econometric Analysis. Macmillan.
[19] Lagokos, D. and Waugh, M.E. 2013. Selective, Agriculture and Cross-Country Productivity Differences, American Economic Review, 103 (2): 948 – 980. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.2.948
[20] Lapple, D., and Hennessy, T. 2014. Exploring the role of incentives in agricultural extension programs, Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, Elsevier
[21] Lee, J. 2017. Farmer participation in a climate-smart future: Evidence from the Kenya Agricultural Carbon Project. Land Use Policy 68: 72–79.
[22] Maddala, G. 2001. Introduction to Econometrics, 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, United Kingdom
[23] Mann, P.S. 2016. Introduction Statistics (9th Edition)
[24] Mansfield, E 1961. Technical change and the rate of imitation, Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 29(4): 741-766.
[25] Mayntz, R. 1999. Rationalitaet in sozialwissenschaftlicher Perspective, Lectiones Jenenses Heft 18, Jena
[26] McBurney, D.H and White, T.L. 2009. Research Method, Chapter 10, Nonexperimental Research, Part 2, Survery Research, Pp. 260 - 262
[27] McMahon, W. W. 1998. ‘Education and Growth in East Asia’, Economics of Education Review, 17(2): 159-172.
[28] Msoffe, G. and Ngulube, P. 2016. Farmers' access to poultry management information in selected rural areas of Tanzania, Library & Information Science Research 38: 265–271.
[29] Mulenga, B.P., Hadunka, P. and Richardson, R.B. 2017. Rural households’ participation in charcoal production in Zambia: Does agricultural productivity play a role? Journal of Forest Economics 26: 56–62.
[30] Mupawaenda, A.C., Chawatama, S., and Muvavarirwa, P. 2009. Gender issues in livestock production: A case study of Zimbabwe. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 41(7):1017-1021.
[31] Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics 2017. Nigeria Gross Domestic Product Report NBS, Abuja, Nigeria.
[32] Okwoche, V., Voh, J., and Ogunwale, S. 1998. Socioeconomics characteristics influencing the adoption behaviour of women cooperators and non-cooperators in oju LGA of Benue State, Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2(3):143-152.
[33] Oloni, E., Asaleye, A., Abiodun, F., and Adeyemi, O. 2017. Inclusive growth, agriculture and employment in Nigeria, Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 1(17): 183 – 194.
[34] Overfield, D., and Fleming, E. 2001. A note on the influence of gender relations on the technical efficiency of smallholder coffee production in Papua New Guinea, Journal of Agricultural Economics, 52(1):153- 156.
[35] Rahman, M.A. 1975. Farm Size, Efficiency and Socioeconomics of Land Distribution, Bangladesh Development Studies, 3(3): 301 – 318.
[36] Rajaee, M., Yee, A.K., Long, R.N., Renne, E.P., and Robins, T.G., 2017. Pulmonary function and respiratory health of rural farmers and artisanal and small-scale gold miners in Ghana, Environmental Research 158: 522–530.
[37] Ramji, N., Ramji, N., Iyer, R., and Chandrasekaran, S. 2002. Phenolic antibacterials from Piper betle in the prevention of halitosis. J. Ethnopharm., 83: 149-152.
[38] Rezaei, A., Salmani, M., Razaghi, F. and Keshavarz, M. 2017. Factor Adaptation Behaviour in Water Scare Communities in Iran, International Soil and Water Conservation Research, Elsevier
[39] Robinson, J. and Eatwell, J. 1973. An introduction to Modern Economics. Mcgraw Hill, Book two
[40] Romer, P. 1986. ‘Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth, Journal of Political Economy’, 94 (5): 1002-1037.
[41] Senger, I., Borges, J.A.R., and Machado, J.A.D. 2017. Using the theory of planned behavior to understand the intention of small farmers in diversifying their agricultural production, Journal of Rural Studies, 49: 32 – 40.
[42] Solow, R. M. 1956. A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1): 65-94.
[43] Sonnenschein, H. 1972. Market Excess Demand Functions, Econometrica, 40(3): 549–563.
[44] State Ministry of Agriculture and rural Development bulletin, various issues, Kogi State
[45] Stojcheska, A.M., Kotevska, A., Bogdanov, N. and Nikoli, A. 2016. How do farmers respond to rural development policy challenges? Evidence from Macedonia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, Land Use Policy 59: 71–83.
[46] Tambo, J.A. and Wünscher, T. 2017. Farmer-led innovations and rural household welfare: Evidence from Ghana, Journal of Rural Studies, 55: 263 – 274.
[47] Wang, J., et al. 2017. Governing through Representatives of the Community: A case study on farmer organizations in rural Australia, Journal of Rural Studies, 53: 68 – 77.
[48] Wang, T. et al. 2016. Dynamics of material productivity and socioeconomic factors based on auto-regressive distributed lag model in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 137: 752 – 761.
[49] Weyer, P. 2002. ‘Drinking Water Quality and Public Health: Issues Related to Source Water Monitor-ing’ Center for Health Effect of Environmental Contamination, University of Iowa. Presentation at the EMAP Symposium, May 9, Kansas City, MO.
[50] World Bank 2016. Nigeria: Macroeconomic Stability for Accelerated Growth, Job Creation, and Delivering Serving for the Poor, IBRD.
[51] Zhang, O., Sun, Z., Wu F. and Deny X. 2016. Understanding Rural Restructuring in China: The impact of Changes in Labour and Capital Productivity on Domestic Agricultural Production and Trade, Journal of Rural Studies, 47: 552 – 562.
[2] Adesina, A.A. and Baidu-Forson, J. 1995. Farmers' perceptions and adoption of new agricultural technology: Evidence from analysis in Burkina Faso and Guinea, West Africa. Agricultural economics, 13(1):1-9.
[3] Adesina, A.A. 2012. CBN Annual Lecture held in Lagos Nigeria. Central Bank of Nigeria, November 15, 2012
[4] Ameur, F., Kuper, M., Lejars, C., and Dugue, P. 2017. Prosper, survive or exit: Contrasted fortunes of farmers in the groundwater economy in the Saiss plain (Morocco), Agricultural Water Management, 191: 207–217.
[5] Archer, M. 1995. Realist Social Theory: The Morphogenetic Approach, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511557675
[6] Archer, M. 1998. Realism and morphogenesis, in Archer, M., Bhaskar, R., Collier, A., Lawson, T., and Norrie, A. (eds), Critical Realism: Essential Readings, London, Roudedge.
[7] Archer, M. 2003. Structure, Agency and the Internal Conversation, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://www.journaldumauss.net/IMG/article_PDF/article_362.pdf
[8] Asaleye, A.J., Okodua, H., Oloni, E.F., and Ogunjobi, J.O. 2017. Trade Openness and Employment: Evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, Volume XII, Summer, 4(50): 1194-1209.
[9] Asaleye, A.J., Olurinola, I., Oloni, E.F., Ogunjobi, O. 2017. Productivity growth, wages and employment nexus: Evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, Volume XII, Fall 5(51): 1362–1376.
[10] Ayal D.V., and Filho W. L. 2017. Farmers' perceptions of climate variability and its adverse impacts on crop and livestock production in Ethiopia, Journal of Arid Environments, 140: 20 – 28. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.01.007
[11] Baidu-Forson J .1999. Factors influencing adoption of land-enhancing technology in the Sahel: Lessons from a case study in Niger. Agricultural Economics, 20(3): 231-239.
[12] Blaug, M. 1998. The Disease of Formalism in Economics, or Bad Games That Economics Play, Heft 16, Lectiones Jenenses, Jena 1998.
[13] Bortamuly, A.B, and Goswami, K. 2015. Determinants of the adoption of modern technology in the handloom industry in Assam, Technological Forecasting and Social Change; 90: Part B(0):400-409.
[14] Chen, H., Zhao, L., and Zhao, Z. 2017. Influencing factors of farmers’ willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads: A survey in Zhejiang, China, Land Use Policy 68: 524–530.
[15] Debreu, G. 1974. Excess Demand Functions, Journal of Mathematical Economics, 1: 15–23.
[16] Economic Recovery and Growth Plan 2017 -2020. Federal Republic of Nigeria, Ministry of Budget and National Planning, February, 2017
[17] Fleetwood S. 2011. Sketching a socio-economic model of labour markets. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 35(1): 15-38. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/24232037
[18] Green, W. 1993. Econometric Analysis. Macmillan.
[19] Lagokos, D. and Waugh, M.E. 2013. Selective, Agriculture and Cross-Country Productivity Differences, American Economic Review, 103 (2): 948 – 980. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.2.948
[20] Lapple, D., and Hennessy, T. 2014. Exploring the role of incentives in agricultural extension programs, Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, Elsevier
[21] Lee, J. 2017. Farmer participation in a climate-smart future: Evidence from the Kenya Agricultural Carbon Project. Land Use Policy 68: 72–79.
[22] Maddala, G. 2001. Introduction to Econometrics, 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, United Kingdom
[23] Mann, P.S. 2016. Introduction Statistics (9th Edition)
[24] Mansfield, E 1961. Technical change and the rate of imitation, Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 29(4): 741-766.
[25] Mayntz, R. 1999. Rationalitaet in sozialwissenschaftlicher Perspective, Lectiones Jenenses Heft 18, Jena
[26] McBurney, D.H and White, T.L. 2009. Research Method, Chapter 10, Nonexperimental Research, Part 2, Survery Research, Pp. 260 - 262
[27] McMahon, W. W. 1998. ‘Education and Growth in East Asia’, Economics of Education Review, 17(2): 159-172.
[28] Msoffe, G. and Ngulube, P. 2016. Farmers' access to poultry management information in selected rural areas of Tanzania, Library & Information Science Research 38: 265–271.
[29] Mulenga, B.P., Hadunka, P. and Richardson, R.B. 2017. Rural households’ participation in charcoal production in Zambia: Does agricultural productivity play a role? Journal of Forest Economics 26: 56–62.
[30] Mupawaenda, A.C., Chawatama, S., and Muvavarirwa, P. 2009. Gender issues in livestock production: A case study of Zimbabwe. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 41(7):1017-1021.
[31] Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics 2017. Nigeria Gross Domestic Product Report NBS, Abuja, Nigeria.
[32] Okwoche, V., Voh, J., and Ogunwale, S. 1998. Socioeconomics characteristics influencing the adoption behaviour of women cooperators and non-cooperators in oju LGA of Benue State, Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2(3):143-152.
[33] Oloni, E., Asaleye, A., Abiodun, F., and Adeyemi, O. 2017. Inclusive growth, agriculture and employment in Nigeria, Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 1(17): 183 – 194.
[34] Overfield, D., and Fleming, E. 2001. A note on the influence of gender relations on the technical efficiency of smallholder coffee production in Papua New Guinea, Journal of Agricultural Economics, 52(1):153- 156.
[35] Rahman, M.A. 1975. Farm Size, Efficiency and Socioeconomics of Land Distribution, Bangladesh Development Studies, 3(3): 301 – 318.
[36] Rajaee, M., Yee, A.K., Long, R.N., Renne, E.P., and Robins, T.G., 2017. Pulmonary function and respiratory health of rural farmers and artisanal and small-scale gold miners in Ghana, Environmental Research 158: 522–530.
[37] Ramji, N., Ramji, N., Iyer, R., and Chandrasekaran, S. 2002. Phenolic antibacterials from Piper betle in the prevention of halitosis. J. Ethnopharm., 83: 149-152.
[38] Rezaei, A., Salmani, M., Razaghi, F. and Keshavarz, M. 2017. Factor Adaptation Behaviour in Water Scare Communities in Iran, International Soil and Water Conservation Research, Elsevier
[39] Robinson, J. and Eatwell, J. 1973. An introduction to Modern Economics. Mcgraw Hill, Book two
[40] Romer, P. 1986. ‘Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth, Journal of Political Economy’, 94 (5): 1002-1037.
[41] Senger, I., Borges, J.A.R., and Machado, J.A.D. 2017. Using the theory of planned behavior to understand the intention of small farmers in diversifying their agricultural production, Journal of Rural Studies, 49: 32 – 40.
[42] Solow, R. M. 1956. A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1): 65-94.
[43] Sonnenschein, H. 1972. Market Excess Demand Functions, Econometrica, 40(3): 549–563.
[44] State Ministry of Agriculture and rural Development bulletin, various issues, Kogi State
[45] Stojcheska, A.M., Kotevska, A., Bogdanov, N. and Nikoli, A. 2016. How do farmers respond to rural development policy challenges? Evidence from Macedonia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, Land Use Policy 59: 71–83.
[46] Tambo, J.A. and Wünscher, T. 2017. Farmer-led innovations and rural household welfare: Evidence from Ghana, Journal of Rural Studies, 55: 263 – 274.
[47] Wang, J., et al. 2017. Governing through Representatives of the Community: A case study on farmer organizations in rural Australia, Journal of Rural Studies, 53: 68 – 77.
[48] Wang, T. et al. 2016. Dynamics of material productivity and socioeconomic factors based on auto-regressive distributed lag model in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 137: 752 – 761.
[49] Weyer, P. 2002. ‘Drinking Water Quality and Public Health: Issues Related to Source Water Monitor-ing’ Center for Health Effect of Environmental Contamination, University of Iowa. Presentation at the EMAP Symposium, May 9, Kansas City, MO.
[50] World Bank 2016. Nigeria: Macroeconomic Stability for Accelerated Growth, Job Creation, and Delivering Serving for the Poor, IBRD.
[51] Zhang, O., Sun, Z., Wu F. and Deny X. 2016. Understanding Rural Restructuring in China: The impact of Changes in Labour and Capital Productivity on Domestic Agricultural Production and Trade, Journal of Rural Studies, 47: 552 – 562.
Published
2018-09-09
How to Cite
ADAMA, Ibrahim Joseph et al.
Agricultural Production in Rural Communities: Evidence from Nigeria.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 3, p. 428-438, sep. 2018.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/2248>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.3(27).04.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.